Presentation Transcript
Las Grandes Civilizaciones del Mundo Nuevo : Las Grandes Civilizaciones del Mundo Nuevo
Los Aztecas : Los Aztecas The name “Aztec” comes from the word “Aztlan” (Náhuatl), where the original Aztecs settled, according to mythology
Origen: 7 caves (Chicomostoc) in the bowels of the Earth
Real name: Mexicas
Migration : Migration Lake Texcoco Tenochtitlán vision from Huitzipolochtli: an eagle devouring a serpent on a nopal cactus
Tenochtitlán : Tenochtitlán Constructed ~150 years before the arrival of the Spaniards
100-200 thousand inhabitants
Created artificial islands with canals and aqueducts that connected with mainland
La Sociedad : La Sociedad Very rigid social hierarchy the emperor was infallible
Guerreros (Warriors) and
Sacerdotes (Priests)
Nobles
Citizens
Crops : Crops Maíz, tabaco, chiles, fruta, y el maguey
Las Ciencias : Las Ciencias Masters of astronomy
2 calendars: Xiuhpohualli
(religious) and Tonalpohualli (used for counting the days 260-day cycle)
-calendars aligned every 52 years
-great ceremony with sacrifices
Sacrificios : Sacrificios Who?: POWs (Tlaxcaltecas), warriors, and of course, Spaniards
On alters of
the temples
Heads on
stakes
Cannibalism
Quetzalcóatl : Quetzalcóatl Creator of the Aztecs
His heart is the north
star
It was predicted that
would return, pale
and bearded, in the
year 1519…..
La Conquista : La Conquista 1519 – Hernán Cortés arrives in Tenochtitlán emperor Moctezuma
1520 la Noche Triste; Moctezuma is killed
1521 Cortés takes complete control of Tenochtitlán
Cuauhtémoc last emperor of the Mexicas
Slide19 : What was the language of the Mexicas?
Who was their war god? Who created them, according to mythology?
What were the principle crops?
The Mexicas excelled in what science?
What source can you trust?
Los Maya : Los Maya
Ciudades Principales : Ciudades Principales Bonampak, Palenque and Chichén Itzá (México)
Copán (Honduras)
Caracol (Belize)
Tikal (Guatemala)
Slide22 : The Mayan Ruins of Copan
Tikal : Tikal Ti ak’al – “At the watering hole”
Central Acropolis
A.D. 750, 60,000 inhabitantes
Spanned 6 square miles
The Hiatus (A.D. 562-692)
First exploration of the city was not until 1848
Slide26 : The youngest stela in the Mayan world is dated A.D. 909
By the time the Spaniards arrived, the great Mayan civilization had ended
They did manage to burn all the codices, which contained all the information on astronomy and philosophy on fig-bark tablets, except four
La Sociedad : La Sociedad Rigid, feudal fiefdom
Thought to be peaceful,
contemplative group of
philosophers and
astronomers
turns out, from they were
more warlike and brutal
than believed
Escritura y Ciencias : Escritura y Ciencias Used the most sophisticated and advanced writing system in the New World
Hieroglyphics: pictograms, ideograms and phonetic signs
Mayan year (haab) consisted of 365 days
18 20-day months and one 5-day month
Complexity of numerology 0
Vanity Fair : Vanity Fair Reshaping of the head
cone-shape thought to represent corn: life-giving crop
Tattoos and piercings
jade, shell, wood
nose, ears, lips
You know what they say about guys with big hats? : You know what they say about guys with big hats?
They ate what?!? : They ate what?!?
Huitlacoche
Slide37 : How many countries did the Mayan territory cover?
2) Why is there a lull in the history of Tikal?
3) How many codices are left?
4) What are some of the oddities of the Mayans?
5) Describe the Mayan numbering system.
Los Incas : Los Incas
Slide39 : Tahuantinsuyu, “Land of
the Four Quarters”
Largest empire in
terms of territory:
Chile, Argentina, Perú,
Bolivia, Ecuador, and
Colombia
Spoke Quechua
--13 million people today
-- official language of
Perú and Bolivia (along
with Spanish)
Machu Picchu : Machu Picchu Cusco was the capital, until the Spaniards moved it to Lima
Machu Picchu, however, is undisputedly the most recognizable landmark of the civilization
Not discovered until Hiram Bingham and his innkeeper guide stumbled on it in 1911
La construcción : La construcción The Incas were master builders
no mortar
no large animals
Roads rivaled those of Rome
no wheel
No writing system!!
La Sociedad : La Sociedad No currency, despite wealth
Worked to gain necessities
thus, large public works were able to be completed
Ruled by proxy
United only by
language
El Inca : El Inca Descendant of Sun God, the supreme diety
Practiced polygamy
La Capacocha : La Capacocha Human sacrifice on moun-
tain top
Practiced them after earth-
quakes, droughts,
epidemics and the death
of the Inca
Would drink “chicha”;
mummies found with skull
fractures
Slide49 : In the “tomb”, the Incas would place little statuettes of golden statues, carved llamas, and ceramic items
Returned to the site to offer leaves of coca to the Sun God and throw more dirt on the alter
La Conquista : La Conquista Francisco Pizarro (1471-1541)
Came with only 400 men
Quickly received reinforce-
ments after gold discovery
Disease beat him to Incas
Fraternal rivalry
Strong allies
Last Inca Túpac Amaru,
executed 1572
Slide51 : Do you think that the excavation of mummies and burial sites is a violation of cultural heritage sites? Do you think we should respect those sacred places? What about ecotourism?
How are Incan sacrifices different from Mexica sacrifices? Do you think one is “better”?
What made the conquest of the Incas a little easier?
Who was the supreme ruler of the Incas?
Catch the
buzz on authorSTREAM
Copyright © 2002-2008 authorSTREAM. All rights reserved.