Tools used for carpentry

Tools used for carpentry:

Tools used for carpentry Prepared by, Vaishali Anagal

Functions of carpentry tools:

Functions of carpentry tools Measuring and marking Sawing Holding Chiseling Planing Striking Boring Checking Sharpening Lengthening/ Widening Joints Framing Joints etc.

Hammer:

Hammer Used for driving nails, fitting parts and breaking up objects. Available in various shapes and structures, Hammers are designed for specific purpose. The hammer consists of a handle to which a heavy head, usually made of metal is attached, with one or more striking surfaces .

Parts of Hammer:

Parts of Hammer Face: face drives nails flush without damaging the wood or wall surface. The face may be flat which is called plain faced or slightly convex. Neck and Throat: The neck is either in straight design or in octagon-shaped design. A deep throat on a strong neck helps in giving power strikes even in difficult areas. EYE: The eye of the hammer should be deep and properly tapered so as to provide a secure head-to-handle assembly. Cheek: The cheek of the hammer head is the one which frames the face. Claw: The claw comprises double bevels that can help in clearance for nail heads and allow a firm grip on nails of any size. Handle: It is the handle which takes the entire weight of the stone head. Made of wood or plastic or rubber, the handle should have a comfortable grip and should be strong enough to take the weight of the head. .

Types of hammer:

Types of hammer Curved Claw Hammer: It is used for nail pulling and general carpentry work. Finishing Hammer: Mainly used for finishing, general carpentry and cabinet making . This is recommended for small workshop Projects. They have smooth faces Hand Drilling Hammer: This type of hammer is deigned to do powerful job like striking masonry nails, steel chisels and masonry drills . Tack Hammer: This is meant to drive small nails and used for furniture upholstering.

Types of hammer:

Types of hammer Ball Peen Hammer: Used for bending or shaping soft metal, for riveting and for center punching. This hammer has a round face with beveled edges and the other end has a ball-shaped peen for metal working Carpenter's Mallet: A smaller sized hammer, this is used in furniture assembly, shaping soft sheet metals or any task that requires non-marring blows . Soft-face Hammer: This is used for doing any job which requires non-marring blows like as assembling furniture and wood projects, setting dowels etc.

Mallets :

Mallets Mallets belong to a class of hammer-like tools , serving the same purpose as a hammer, that is striking objects. The difference is that unlike a hammer, a mallet is used to strike those objects that would be damaged by a blow from a metal hammer. In other words, a mallet has large heads like a normal hammer but the mallet head is not metal made but made of rubber, plastic, wood polyurethane and leather. A mallet is manufactured in different designs according to their intended use.

Types of mallets:

Types of mallets Rubber mallets: Rubber mallets are the most commonly used mallets and are used when a softer blow is required than that delivered by a metal hammer. They are used to serve different purposes like as follows: To form sheet metal as they don't leave marks. Used for shifting plasterboard into place. To force tight-fitting parts together. Used in upholstery. Used in assembling furniture. Used to bent dents out of metal.

Types of mallets:

Types of mallets Wooden Mallets: This type of mallet is completely made of wood, both the handle and the head or it is made of wooden head with plastic or fiber glass handle. Usually made of hickory, they are ideal for non-marring applications. It is most commonly used in carpentry to knock wooden pieces together or to drive chisels or dowels. This type of mallet will not deform the striking end of a metal tool but it also reduces the force available to drive the cutting edge of a chisel.

Screwdrivers :

Screwdrivers A screwdriver is a tool used for turning screws so as to drive them into their place. It is a tool to insert and tighten or to loosen and remove screws. It has a thin end, which enters the nick in the head of the screw and with a mechanism to apply torque or force by rotating the tip/end, the screw is inserted into its place. A screw driver is basically a hand operated tool with a cylindrical handle of a size and shape which can be easily held by a human hand, and there is an axial shaft attached to the handle, the tip of which is shaped to fit a specific type of screw. Screwdrivers are available in a variety of shapes, and the tip of the driver can be rotated manually

Pliers :

Pliers Plier have a pair of pivoted jaws, Used for holding, bending, turning, gripping or cutting a variety of things They have different jaw configurations depending on their usages. The plier has a a pair of handles with the pivot which is often often formed by a rivet. The head section has the gripping jaws or cutting edges. Thereby, the plier consists of three elements- the handle, the pivot and the blades. In comparison to a pair of scissors or shears, the jaws of the plier always meet each other at one point.

Planes :

Planes A plane is a trowel-shaped carpenter's tool with an adjustable blade for smoothing and leveling wood, There are a wide variety of hand planes , which may be made of steel or from wood and almost all planes are meant to smoothen the surface. The hand plane is one of the most basic of wood working hand tools. Planes are used for trimming, beveling, fitting and shaping wood, and smoothing rough spots left by sawing and drilling.

Types of planes :

Types of planes Smoothening plane: It is used for smoothing short pieces of wood and its length ranges from 8 to 10 inches. Wood block plane: This type of plane is still available in the old design and is used to remove a large amount of wood. They are light in weight and can be used comfortably for longer periods.

Chisels :

Chisels Chisel is a hand tool with a flexible shaped cutting edge blade on its end. A chisel is used for carving or cutting material like wood, metal or stone. The handles of most chisels are made from beech, ash, hickory, box wood or plastic. A cutting blade is guided through the object with a handle that is specifically designed to aid the chisel's cutting task. In other words, for cutting any material, the chisel is forced into the material. The driving force to cut is done manually by using a mallet or a hammer.

Types of chisels:

Types of chisels Bevel edged chisels: These type of chisels are little undercut which makes them easy to be pushed into corners and used for finishing dovetail joints. Firmer chisels: These chisels have a blade with a rectangular cross-section. They are strong and can be used for heavier work. Paring chisels: Its a longer chisel but a thinner one which can be pushed into long joints. Such a chisel can be used for cleaning up the joint and to make it appropriate for a correct fit.

Saw :

Saw Saw is a hand-operated tool that has a thin metal blade or disk with a sharp, usually tooth-edged, used for cutting wood, metal, or other hard materials. The toe is the front end of the saw. The heel is the end near the handle. The portion of the saw where teeth are found is the front of the saw. The back of the saw is the part opposite the teeth that faces up in normal use. The nib is the bump seen on the back of many saws, near the toe. It serves no purpose and hence not seen in all saws. The etch and medallion are on the left side of the saw. Medallion is the name given to the enlarged face of one of the saw nuts that holds the handle. This usually depicts the brand name of the manufacturer.

Types of hand saw :

Types of hand saw Rip Saw: A ripsaw has large, chisel shaped teeth, usually -½ teeth per inch, and is made to cut with the wood grain. Blade length differs from 24" to 28". Teeth are cross-filed to assure that the chisel point is set square to the direction of cutting, for best performance. This saw is best held at 60° angle to the surface of the board being cut. The ripping action of the saw produces a coarse, ragged cut which makes the saw unsatisfactory for finish work.

Types of hand saw :

Types of hand saw Coping Saw: Coping saws cut irregular shapes and intricate patterns. They consist of a saw blade and steel tension frame. The blade is removable. Blade sizes range from the rotary or wire type to 1/8" wide. They can make intricate cuts at extreme angles.

Measuring tools:

Measuring tools Used for the purpose of measuring dimensions, measuring tools are imperative for implementing any work with precision. The measuring tools are used at large for carrying out different types of measurement. Measuring tools are essential tools for examining a finished product or semi- finished product. Inspection or examination operations include checking, testing an object by comparing dimensions of the object/work piece to the required dimensions given on a diagram or a sketch.

Measuring tools:

Measuring tools Tapes: A Tape rule, also known as tape, is a concave, spring-steel blade ranging from 1/4" to 1" wide and from 6 to about 300 feet in length, coiled inside a carrying case. Metric tape rules come in comparable widths and lengths up to 10 meters. Because the tape rule is flexible, it provides an easy means for accurately measuring curved surfaces. The concave cross section allows it to be extended unsupported. Contained in the housing of some models are spring mechanisms that release or retract the tape. Many tapes have markings for laying out studs on 16" centers or other specialized markings. In addition to pocket or power tapes, 25', 50' and 100' flat steel tapes are available, as are metric tapes up to 50 meters. Longer tapes are contained in durable cases and rewound by a crank on the side of the case Continuous filament fiberglass and woven tapes also are available in sizes up to 300'. The most common types of steel tapes have a hook at one end to let one person take all the readings.

Squares:

Squares Squares: Squares are indispensable to woodworkers, carpenters, machinists, tile setters, and anyone else who needs to make their projects with complete precision. Try square: Try squares are L-shaped squares having a handle which is also called the body and a thin metal blade marked in graduations like a scale/ruler. The handle is thicker than the blade. Usually the handle is made of wood for woodworking. These squares are used basically to mark a straight line across a wood piece for cutting. The handle is placed against the edge of the wood piece and the blade is placed on top of the wood, thereby the blade is perpendicular to the board's edge . This is a handy tool for measuring things.

Leveling Tools :

Leveling Tools Tool that employs bubble vials positioned in the center and both ends to check vertical and horizontal surfaces for level or plumb. Made of either hardwood with brass binding, metal (aluminum, magnesium) or high-impact plastic. Typically 24" to 48" long, but some models (generally mason’s levels) are longer and can be up to 72” in length.

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END OF THE LESSON!