Slide1:


What you are going to learn: What you are going to learn Different types of rocks How the rock cycle works How soil is made


Igneous Rocks: Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks are called fire rocks and are formed either underground or above ground. Underground, they are formed when the melted rock, called magma, deep within the earth becomes trapped in small pockets. Above ground, they are formed as the magma flows when a volcano erupts.


Examples of Igneous Rocks: Examples of Igneous Rocks Granite rocks are igneous rocks which were formed by slowly cooling pockets of magma that were trapped beneath the earth's surface. Granite is used for long lasting monuments and for trim and decoration on buildings.


Igneous Rocks Cont.: Scoria rocks are igneous rocks which were formed when lava cooled quickly above ground. You can see where little pockets of air had been. Igneous Rocks Cont.


Igneous Rocks Cont.: Pumice rocks are are formed when lava cooled. Because this rock is so light, it is used quite often as a decorative landscape stone. Ground to a powder, it is used as an abrasive in polish compounds and in soaps. Igneous Rocks Cont.


Igneous Rocks Cont.: Obsidian rocks are igneous rocks that form when lava cools quickly above ground. The edges of this rock are very sharp. Native Americans used obsidian to make spearheads. Igneous Rocks Cont.


QUESTION: QUESTION Describe an igneous rock. Name one.


Sedimentary Rocks: Sedimentary Rocks Layer after layer of eroded earth is deposited on top of each other. These layers are pressed down more and more through time, until the bottom layers slowly turn into rock.


Examples of Sedimentary Rocks: Examples of Sedimentary Rocks Sandstone rocks are sedimentary rocks made from small grains of the minerals quartz and feldspar. They often form in layers. They are often used as building stones.


Sedimentary Rocks Cont.: Limestone rocks are sedimentary rocks that are made from the mineral calcite which came from the beds of evaporated seas and lakes and from sea animal shells. This rock is used in concrete. Sedimentary Rocks Cont.


Sedimentary Rocks Cont.: Conglomerate rocks are sedimentary rocks. They are made up of large sediments like sand and pebbles. The sediment is so large that pressure alone cannot hold the rock together; it is also cemented together with dissolved minerals. Sedimentary Rocks Cont.


Sedimentary Rocks Cont.: Shale rock is a type of sedimentary rock formed from clay that is compacted together by pressure. It is used to make bricks and other material that is fired in a kiln. Sedimentary Rocks Cont.


Sedimentary Rocks Cont.: Gypsum rocks are sedimentary rocks made up of sulfate mineral and formed as the result of evaporating sea water in massive prehistoric basins. It is very soft and is used to make casts, molds, and wallboards. Sedimentary Rocks Cont.


Question: Question Describe a sedimentary rock. Name one.


Metamorphic Rocks: Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have 'morphed' into another kind of rock. These rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks. The rocks are formed under tons and tons of pressure, which fosters heat build up, and this causes them to change. If you exam metamorphic rock samples closely, you'll discover how flattened some of the grains in the rock are.


Examples of Metamorphic Rocks: Examples of Metamorphic Rocks Schist rocks are metamorphic. These rocks can be formed from basalt, an igneous rock; shale, a sedimentary rock; or slate, a metamorphic rock. Through tremendous heat and pressure, these rocks were transformed into this new kind of rock.


Metamorphic Rocks Cont.: Gneiss rocks may have been granite, which is an igneous rock, but heat and pressure changed it. You can see how the mineral grains in the rock were flattened through tremendous heat and pressure and are arranged in alternating patterns. Metamorphic Rocks Cont.


Question: Question Describe a metamorphic rock. Name one.


How the Rock Cycle Works: How the Rock Cycle Works Magma Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Igneous Rocks


Slide21: Describe how the rock cycle works.


How Soil Is Made: How Soil Is Made Rocks are weathered and broken down into little pieces by: Wind Water


Slide23: Ice Chemicals


Making Soil: Making Soil These little pieces then get mixed with the remains of dead plants and animals to make SOIL! The minerals from the rocks are then used by plants and animals, so that they can live and grow.


Question: Question How is soil made?


Slide26: Tammy Payton