logging in or signing up Technical Overview Dale Blasi Sharck Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 373 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (3) Dislike it (0) Added: August 20, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: jmp21c (40 month(s) ago) Goood Presentation! I need it in my class at Yuhan university. I will be appreciated with your permission for download as PPT file. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Animal ID – 101Technical Overview : Animal ID – 101 Technical Overview Dale A. Blasi Kansas State University Presentation Outline: Presentation Outline Introduction Automatic Information and Data Capture technologies Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) ISO Standards Conformance/Performance Alternative radio frequencies Slide3: Slide4: Mainstream Adoption of RFID to Begin in 2008 *496 managers’ plans for RFID in next two years www.amrresearch.com Supply andamp; Chain, September 2005; Vol, 25, No. 9 Slide5: Wal-Mart’s RFID projections $6.7 Billion – Labor costs reduced by 15% $600 Million – Monitoring on-shelf availability $575 Million – Asset tracking, vendor fraud $300 Million – Tracking andgt;1 billion pallets, cases $180 Million – Reduced inventory and annual costs of carrying that inventory Total pre-tax savings= $8.35 Billion RFID Journal – Sept. 15, 2003 Slide6: Slide7: Slide8: Slide9: Why is Visual ID not Sufficient by Itself?: Why is Visual ID not Sufficient by Itself? Does not identify animals as unique individuals that correlate back to a single herd Does not indicate herd of origin Does not meet the international requirements as a valid form of identification Does not facilitate the recall or collection of information in an accurate and timely manner Why Electronic ID? (eID): Why Electronic ID? (eID) Provides the linkage necessary for converting data into accessible and useable information with greater accuracy and timeliness Slide12: Slide13: Bar Codes = Locational Specificity Slide14: Slide15: What is Radio Frequency ID? : What is Radio Frequency ID? Sister technology to barcodes Radio waves vs light waves Reads through non-metallic materials Does not require line-of-sight Withstand harsh environments Slide17: Components of an Electronic ID System Reader broadcasts signal through antenna Transponder receives signal Transponder is charged with enough energy to send back an identifying response Software = Decision Making Slide18: What is ISO?: What is ISO? ISO = International Organization for Standardization Derivation of Greek isos, meaning 'equal' Worldwide federation of national standards bodies from @ 140 countries. Developed in 1947, ISO is a non-governmental organization ISO Standards – What are They?: ISO Standards – What are They? Standards are documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines or definitions of characteristics, to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their intended purpose. ISO Standards What They Are Not: ISO Standards What They Are Not ISO standards have no legal status of their own International standards provide a template for member bodies to develop their own standards. Regulators may adopt standards unchanged, or modify to suit local conditions or requirements The intent is to produce standards that are internationally compatible, consistent and clear Slide22: ISO 11784 – Agricultural Equipment – Radio Frequency Identification of Animals Code structure ISO 11785 – Agricultural Equipment – Radio Frequency Identification of Animals Technical concept Slide23: ISO 11785: ISO 11785 Transponders (tags) meet req. set forth by clause 6 of the international standard Tranceivers (readers) are in conformance provided they meet the req. set forth by clause 6 and annex A, provided the latter is applicable Clause 6 sets forth the activation field and frequency (134.2 + 13.42 x 10-3) and defines the timing sequence for both HDX and FDXb air interfaces ISO does not have the responsibility of determining compliance with ISO standards Slide25: ISO 11785 permits either one-way at a time signal transmission (HDX) or simultaneous two-way signal transmission. It is necessary to have the combination of the two systems into one reader in order to be an ISO-compliant reader. Combining both systems slightly deteriorates their performance. FDX functions better without the interruption of the activation field, necessary for HDX Half duplex (HDX) and Full duplex (FDX) Slide26: Slide27: Full duplex (FDX) As soon as the FDX transponder has received sufficient energy, it starts transmitting its code. FDX transponders keep repeating code during activation. Slide28: Slide29: Half duplex (HDX) HDX transponder equipped with a capacitor The capacitor is charged by the voltage which develops over the antenna in the activation field As soon as a 3dB decay in the activation field is detected, it waits one additional millisec and begins to transmit its contents Frequency shift keying Binary: 1 = 124.2 kHz; 0 = 134.2 kHz Slide30: Slide31: Components of an Electronic Identification (RFID) System Slide32: TRANSmitter/resPONDER Passive vs active Data carrying options Data read rates Programming options Physical form Costs Slide33: Passive vs Active Transponders Passive No internal battery Lighter Less expensive Virtual unlimited operational life Active Internal battery- finite lifetime Read/write devices Greater size/cost Greater communication range Higher data transmission rates Slide34: Data Carrying Options Identifier Numeric/alpha-numeric string for ID purposes Simple 'lookup' number Portable data files Decentralized database Increased tag complexity usually accompanied by an increase in the data memory of the device which, in turn, generally reflects an increase in cost Slide35: Data Read Rates The higher the frequency, the higher the data transfer rates Slide36: Physical form Slide37: Transponder cost Complexity of circuit function Construction and memory capacity Manner in which the transponder is packaged Slide38: Functions: Transmit and receive RF signals Contain a control unit to execute commands Incorporate an interface to transfer data Receives commands from the host computer Responds to software commands from the host computer Reader/Interrogator/Scanner Slide39: Readers can differ considerably Depends upon the type of transponders being supported Intended function Handheld vs stationary Sophisticated functions Signal conditioning Parity error checking and correction Challenges/Issues RFID: Challenges/Issues RFID Environment Read range Contention Slide41: Factors that affect Reader Range Power available to the reader Power available within the tag to respond Antenna characteristics and size Competition from other devices emitting electric signals Slide42: Slide43: Slide44: Slide45: Dielectric Materials: Dielectric Materials Materials that freely: Conduct radio energy Absorb it Detune it Reflect it Liquids and metals present the biggest challenges Slide47: Slide48: Defined… Term(s) used to denote an event when two or more transponders compete for attention from the reader at the same time resulting in potential misreading. Anti-contention/collision: Slide49: Slide50: Slide51: Slide52: Slide53: Slide54: Slide55: Slide56: Slide57: Slide58: Slide59: Evaluation of RFID Hardware: Evaluation of RFID Hardware Driven by Producer questions Pilot project needs and findings Alternative technologies to ISO Confidence in products for export International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR): International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) Primary mission Standardize procedures and methods used in recording of livestock data Establish test procedures for the approval of equipment and methods for recording data Based on general agreement with ISO (Resolution ISO/TC 23/SC 19 N 113, No. 45; August, 1996), ICAR has been developing procedures to verify compliance of RFID systems with the standards and the user requirements Slide62: Categories for the Testing of Identification Devices Slide63: ICAR Transceiver – “Reader” Conformance Test: ICAR Transceiver – 'Reader' Conformance Test 2.1 – Physical appearance 2.2 – Frequency of activation field (134.2 kHz + 10-4) 2.3 – Field strength of activation field 2.4 – Functional test 2.5 – Timing of the activation field ICAR Transponder Conformance Test: ICAR Transponder Conformance Test Resonance frequency of 50 transponders has to be in accordance with ISO 11785 (134.2 kHz + 3 kHz) Transponders read out with a reference reader, return signal is demodulated and converted to basic bit stream, fed directly into a computer and stored in a test file Received bit pattern ID code Country code Data block flag Reserved field Animal bit CRC - check Performance Parameter Considerations: Performance Parameter Considerations Read range x orientation (tag trolley) Read speed (belt reader) Resonance frequency (KHz) Tag response mVolt (134.2 KHz) Pull apart force (newtons) Practical Animal Mgt. scenarios Slide67: Slide68: Slide69: Slide70: Figure 2. Repeat measurement of figure 1. Stick antenna is 3 m from the transmitting antenna in a horizontal orientation perpendicular to the face of the transmitting antenna. Peak measured power of -43.92 dBm occurred at 134.1875 kHz. Room lights were turned on. Slide71: Slide72: Read Distance of Four eID Tags as Influenced by Reader : Read Distance of Four eID Tags as Influenced by Reader 50 tags were randomly selected to represent each manufacturer Slide74: Analysis of Performance of FDX-b Transponders: Analysis of Performance of FDX-b Transponders Manufacturer Resonance Freq Tag Response (mVolt) A 129.0 30 A 128.7 23 B 124.0 no response B 125.0 no response C 131.0 23 D 134.0 79 D 133.9 78 D 134.6 80 E 135.2 39 E 135.6 39 E 135.0 40 Practical Animal Management Scenarios: Practical Animal Management Scenarios Speed Collision Read distance Orientation Slide77: Bryant et al., 2005 Slide78: Slide79: Radio Frequency Spectrum ISO 14223-1: ISO 14223-1 Radiofrequency identification of animals – Advanced transponders – Backend compatible with ISO 11784/11785 Application of advanced technologies: Facilitates the storage and retrieval of additional information, Implementation of authentication methods Reading of data of integrated sensors and misc technologies Slide81: Animal ID Resources: Animal ID Resources www.beefstockerusa.org Slide83: Dale A. Blasi Professor/Beef Specialist Kansas State University dblasi@ksu.edu You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Technical Overview Dale Blasi Sharck Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 373 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (3) Dislike it (0) Added: August 20, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: jmp21c (40 month(s) ago) Goood Presentation! I need it in my class at Yuhan university. I will be appreciated with your permission for download as PPT file. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Animal ID – 101Technical Overview : Animal ID – 101 Technical Overview Dale A. Blasi Kansas State University Presentation Outline: Presentation Outline Introduction Automatic Information and Data Capture technologies Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) ISO Standards Conformance/Performance Alternative radio frequencies Slide3: Slide4: Mainstream Adoption of RFID to Begin in 2008 *496 managers’ plans for RFID in next two years www.amrresearch.com Supply andamp; Chain, September 2005; Vol, 25, No. 9 Slide5: Wal-Mart’s RFID projections $6.7 Billion – Labor costs reduced by 15% $600 Million – Monitoring on-shelf availability $575 Million – Asset tracking, vendor fraud $300 Million – Tracking andgt;1 billion pallets, cases $180 Million – Reduced inventory and annual costs of carrying that inventory Total pre-tax savings= $8.35 Billion RFID Journal – Sept. 15, 2003 Slide6: Slide7: Slide8: Slide9: Why is Visual ID not Sufficient by Itself?: Why is Visual ID not Sufficient by Itself? Does not identify animals as unique individuals that correlate back to a single herd Does not indicate herd of origin Does not meet the international requirements as a valid form of identification Does not facilitate the recall or collection of information in an accurate and timely manner Why Electronic ID? (eID): Why Electronic ID? (eID) Provides the linkage necessary for converting data into accessible and useable information with greater accuracy and timeliness Slide12: Slide13: Bar Codes = Locational Specificity Slide14: Slide15: What is Radio Frequency ID? : What is Radio Frequency ID? Sister technology to barcodes Radio waves vs light waves Reads through non-metallic materials Does not require line-of-sight Withstand harsh environments Slide17: Components of an Electronic ID System Reader broadcasts signal through antenna Transponder receives signal Transponder is charged with enough energy to send back an identifying response Software = Decision Making Slide18: What is ISO?: What is ISO? ISO = International Organization for Standardization Derivation of Greek isos, meaning 'equal' Worldwide federation of national standards bodies from @ 140 countries. Developed in 1947, ISO is a non-governmental organization ISO Standards – What are They?: ISO Standards – What are They? Standards are documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines or definitions of characteristics, to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their intended purpose. ISO Standards What They Are Not: ISO Standards What They Are Not ISO standards have no legal status of their own International standards provide a template for member bodies to develop their own standards. Regulators may adopt standards unchanged, or modify to suit local conditions or requirements The intent is to produce standards that are internationally compatible, consistent and clear Slide22: ISO 11784 – Agricultural Equipment – Radio Frequency Identification of Animals Code structure ISO 11785 – Agricultural Equipment – Radio Frequency Identification of Animals Technical concept Slide23: ISO 11785: ISO 11785 Transponders (tags) meet req. set forth by clause 6 of the international standard Tranceivers (readers) are in conformance provided they meet the req. set forth by clause 6 and annex A, provided the latter is applicable Clause 6 sets forth the activation field and frequency (134.2 + 13.42 x 10-3) and defines the timing sequence for both HDX and FDXb air interfaces ISO does not have the responsibility of determining compliance with ISO standards Slide25: ISO 11785 permits either one-way at a time signal transmission (HDX) or simultaneous two-way signal transmission. It is necessary to have the combination of the two systems into one reader in order to be an ISO-compliant reader. Combining both systems slightly deteriorates their performance. FDX functions better without the interruption of the activation field, necessary for HDX Half duplex (HDX) and Full duplex (FDX) Slide26: Slide27: Full duplex (FDX) As soon as the FDX transponder has received sufficient energy, it starts transmitting its code. FDX transponders keep repeating code during activation. Slide28: Slide29: Half duplex (HDX) HDX transponder equipped with a capacitor The capacitor is charged by the voltage which develops over the antenna in the activation field As soon as a 3dB decay in the activation field is detected, it waits one additional millisec and begins to transmit its contents Frequency shift keying Binary: 1 = 124.2 kHz; 0 = 134.2 kHz Slide30: Slide31: Components of an Electronic Identification (RFID) System Slide32: TRANSmitter/resPONDER Passive vs active Data carrying options Data read rates Programming options Physical form Costs Slide33: Passive vs Active Transponders Passive No internal battery Lighter Less expensive Virtual unlimited operational life Active Internal battery- finite lifetime Read/write devices Greater size/cost Greater communication range Higher data transmission rates Slide34: Data Carrying Options Identifier Numeric/alpha-numeric string for ID purposes Simple 'lookup' number Portable data files Decentralized database Increased tag complexity usually accompanied by an increase in the data memory of the device which, in turn, generally reflects an increase in cost Slide35: Data Read Rates The higher the frequency, the higher the data transfer rates Slide36: Physical form Slide37: Transponder cost Complexity of circuit function Construction and memory capacity Manner in which the transponder is packaged Slide38: Functions: Transmit and receive RF signals Contain a control unit to execute commands Incorporate an interface to transfer data Receives commands from the host computer Responds to software commands from the host computer Reader/Interrogator/Scanner Slide39: Readers can differ considerably Depends upon the type of transponders being supported Intended function Handheld vs stationary Sophisticated functions Signal conditioning Parity error checking and correction Challenges/Issues RFID: Challenges/Issues RFID Environment Read range Contention Slide41: Factors that affect Reader Range Power available to the reader Power available within the tag to respond Antenna characteristics and size Competition from other devices emitting electric signals Slide42: Slide43: Slide44: Slide45: Dielectric Materials: Dielectric Materials Materials that freely: Conduct radio energy Absorb it Detune it Reflect it Liquids and metals present the biggest challenges Slide47: Slide48: Defined… Term(s) used to denote an event when two or more transponders compete for attention from the reader at the same time resulting in potential misreading. Anti-contention/collision: Slide49: Slide50: Slide51: Slide52: Slide53: Slide54: Slide55: Slide56: Slide57: Slide58: Slide59: Evaluation of RFID Hardware: Evaluation of RFID Hardware Driven by Producer questions Pilot project needs and findings Alternative technologies to ISO Confidence in products for export International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR): International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) Primary mission Standardize procedures and methods used in recording of livestock data Establish test procedures for the approval of equipment and methods for recording data Based on general agreement with ISO (Resolution ISO/TC 23/SC 19 N 113, No. 45; August, 1996), ICAR has been developing procedures to verify compliance of RFID systems with the standards and the user requirements Slide62: Categories for the Testing of Identification Devices Slide63: ICAR Transceiver – “Reader” Conformance Test: ICAR Transceiver – 'Reader' Conformance Test 2.1 – Physical appearance 2.2 – Frequency of activation field (134.2 kHz + 10-4) 2.3 – Field strength of activation field 2.4 – Functional test 2.5 – Timing of the activation field ICAR Transponder Conformance Test: ICAR Transponder Conformance Test Resonance frequency of 50 transponders has to be in accordance with ISO 11785 (134.2 kHz + 3 kHz) Transponders read out with a reference reader, return signal is demodulated and converted to basic bit stream, fed directly into a computer and stored in a test file Received bit pattern ID code Country code Data block flag Reserved field Animal bit CRC - check Performance Parameter Considerations: Performance Parameter Considerations Read range x orientation (tag trolley) Read speed (belt reader) Resonance frequency (KHz) Tag response mVolt (134.2 KHz) Pull apart force (newtons) Practical Animal Mgt. scenarios Slide67: Slide68: Slide69: Slide70: Figure 2. Repeat measurement of figure 1. Stick antenna is 3 m from the transmitting antenna in a horizontal orientation perpendicular to the face of the transmitting antenna. Peak measured power of -43.92 dBm occurred at 134.1875 kHz. Room lights were turned on. Slide71: Slide72: Read Distance of Four eID Tags as Influenced by Reader : Read Distance of Four eID Tags as Influenced by Reader 50 tags were randomly selected to represent each manufacturer Slide74: Analysis of Performance of FDX-b Transponders: Analysis of Performance of FDX-b Transponders Manufacturer Resonance Freq Tag Response (mVolt) A 129.0 30 A 128.7 23 B 124.0 no response B 125.0 no response C 131.0 23 D 134.0 79 D 133.9 78 D 134.6 80 E 135.2 39 E 135.6 39 E 135.0 40 Practical Animal Management Scenarios: Practical Animal Management Scenarios Speed Collision Read distance Orientation Slide77: Bryant et al., 2005 Slide78: Slide79: Radio Frequency Spectrum ISO 14223-1: ISO 14223-1 Radiofrequency identification of animals – Advanced transponders – Backend compatible with ISO 11784/11785 Application of advanced technologies: Facilitates the storage and retrieval of additional information, Implementation of authentication methods Reading of data of integrated sensors and misc technologies Slide81: Animal ID Resources: Animal ID Resources www.beefstockerusa.org Slide83: Dale A. Blasi Professor/Beef Specialist Kansas State University dblasi@ksu.edu