DNA Stephen Pearce

Using DNA Technology as a Complimentary Tool in the Value Chain for Source & Content Verification Stephen Pearce Director of Biotech Research Business Development: 

Using DNA Technology as a Complimentary Tool in the Value Chain for Source andamp; Content Verification Stephen Pearce Director of Biotech Research Business Development International plc

Mission: 

Leadership in creating value through the innovative application of quantitative genetics andamp; biotechnology to animal breeding Mission

Business Model: 

Business Model Global Meat/Protein Supply Chain DNA link throughout the value chain

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Companies Around the World España Denmark France Germany UK Italia Polska Czeska Romania Portugal Japan China Korea Canada México Peru Brazil Chile USA Philippines Thailand New Zealand Australia South Africa Argentina Benelux Meat trade is becoming increasingly international

Multi-Species Strategy & Application: 

Multi-Species Strategy andamp; Application Biotechnology/Genomics Quantitative Genetics

Research & Development: 

Research andamp; Development Improved Methods of Selection Genomics Animal Health Applied to Food Animals

Leading R&D Team: 

Leading Randamp;D Team

R&D How we select: 

Randamp;D How we select Biotechnology - Leverage 15 years of biotechnology experience - Utilize biotechnology and genetic research - Identify individual genes responsible for trait of interest Utilize technology transfer vehicles (e.g. Animals) to transfer/sell our technology products to our customers Quantitative Genetics - Leverage 40 years of quantitative genetics experience - 'Statistical sampling' of groups/herds of animals - Identify individual animals with trait of interest

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Earth Cell Continent Cell Nucleus State Chromosomal DNA City Chromosomal DNA Fragment Street Address Nucleotides Genome Research in Perspective

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A Tool to Verify Traceability Systems A DNA based identity preservation program (patent applied for) capable of linking a DNA sample from an animal, carcass or cut of meat back to its genetic origin Assigns individual animals as parents to a resulting DNA sample and/or links a DNA sample collected at the packer or retail level back to the individual from whom the tissue was originally derived Verispec ™

Value Chain Questions: 

Value Chain Questions Are you who you say you are? Are you where you say you are from? How do I substantiate the claims you make? Are you safe? Verispec ™

Complex Networks with Many Touch Points: 

Complex Networks with Many Touch Points Supply chain verification at first glance seems like a big bowl spaghetti. It has many expectations that are varied in content and requirement, some random some constant Meat (live or fabricated) comes in different flavors (Species, breeds, programs) All contains a wealth of information in the form of DNA Verispec ™

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Increasing amount of history and data (information andamp; knowledge) Many Inputs Local andamp; International Many Out puts Local andamp; International Live animal Only ONE source of ID material stays the same throughout and that is DNA 'Bow Tie' Supply Chain Questions andamp; Answers Consumable product Verispec ™

Using Genetic Markers in Traceability & Content Verification: 

Using Genetic Markers in Traceability andamp; Content Verification Regulatory Traceability Disease (Control , Diagnosis andamp; Prevention) Product Recall (Non-compliance, Not 'in the spec') Supply Chain Security (Fraud, Bioterrorism, other acts of Malice) Commercial Traceability Value Attributes (Brand Differentiation andamp; Genetic line customization) Source / Process Verification Verispec ™

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Farm Packer/Processor (Brand Owner) Retail/Consumer Iris/ Retina/ EID/Tag/ Tattoo Shackle/ Barcode Product Claims/Added Value Product Concerns/Risk Mgt. Process Verification Identity Preservation: Tracking vs. Tracing DNA is a link through different parts of the chain Verispec ™

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DNA Markers and Traceability in the Pig Industry Verispec ™

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What claims are being made or what do you want to trace? Animals, carcasses, primals, retail packs, organic, natural, 'ours and not theirs' or 'not ours' What level of traceaback is required? System, farm, finishing site, individual Are you planning to implement process verification? At what level? Who will audit? How often? Do you have individual animal or lot I.D. systems in place? What will the average lot size be? (kill day, shift, hour, truck) Turn-around time required on data? Level of accuracy desired? (i.e. 95% confident of andlt; 5% non-compliant, or 100% confident of 0 non-compliant) Implementing Traceability: What needs to be considered?

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Identification Programs DNA Markers and Traceability in the Pig Industry- Lessons Learned Verispec ™

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Establish the presence of genes associated with breed determination Analysis of DNA Sequencing DNA e.g. CATCATCATCATCATCAT Verispec ™

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Breed Identity Preservation Test Verispec ™

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Sygen Breed Identity Preservation Programs Verispec ™

Genetic Methodology Understanding Microsatellites and SNPs: 

Genetic Methodology Understanding Microsatellites and SNPs Microsatellites SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) Informative andamp; Non-informative Verispec ™

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offspring 3 BACKGROUND -Parentage Microsatellite Markers Verispec ™

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Different Species / Common Genes Verispec ™

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Genetic Markers in Beef Cattle Improvement Programs andamp; Customized Line Development Growth andamp; appetite Ultimate pH Japanese meat quality Data base of andgt;40K markers Unique sample selection andamp; association analysis tools Continuous discovery Traceability Food safety Verispec ™

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Verispec ™

Genetic Methodology Understanding Microsatellites and SNPs: 

Genetic Methodology Understanding Microsatellites and SNPs Microsatellites Highly polymorphic (ave. 5 alleles) Available now in large numbers Relatively expensive Technologically more difficult SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) Biallelic Unlimited numbers, but few publicly available now Relatively cheap Simple technology Verispec ™

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Ancestry or Pedigree Pros Traceability to the system or farm of origin Less expensive than identity testing as requires far fewer samples Cons Requires more markers – so costs per sample tested are higher Genetic Methodology: Identity Preservation Verispec ™

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Parentage testing Pros Traceability to the system or farm of origin Less expensive than identity testing as requires far fewer samples Cons Requires more markers – so costs per sample tested are higher Genetic Methodology: Parentage Testing Verispec ™

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Traceability to the farm of origin Dams vs. Sires Dams Need for testing ALL dams in the system to form a reference database, so high number of reference tests required Sires If sires are dedicated to a system, traceability to the system is the least-cost option. All sires need to be tested to form a reference database Verispec ™

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Verispec ™

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Verispec ™

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or preferably Genetic Evaluation Additive random QTL-BLUP Decision implementation All breeding issues Tactically Segregation Analysis Genotype Probabilities Genetic Evaluation Fixed interactive QTL within a BLUP model Strategic planning All issues Strategically [incl. breeding objectives] Decision implementation Whole Chain Tactically Data Recording Phenotypes, genotypes, pedigree Data collation and analysis delivery (can be Internet-hosted) Pedigree deduction From genetic markers Combines in to one program Genotyping strategies DNA testing Verispec ™

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Lessons Learned DNA-based traceability programs are in place now and working in Pork Supply Chain systems Applications of DNA-based traceability programs depend on the intrinsic control of genetics within the system Speed of implementation will depend on the Supply Chain’s ability to define value of ‘Farm-to-Consumer’ DNA-based traceability programs DNA verification may assist with issues of animal health, zoonoses, security, as systems develop – timing is the issue DNA technology will continue to improve in the future enabling its wide application in the Meat Industry DNA Markers and Traceability in the Pig Industry Verispec ™