logging in or signing up 960601 Sebastiana Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 247 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: February 28, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: tonsur (43 month(s) ago) sebastiana, please let me download this ppt. tx. tonsur Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript 肺結核的診斷治療: 肺結核的診斷治療 署立桃園醫院 胸腔內科 李世偉 醫師結核病診治指引: 結核病診治指引肺結核的診斷: 肺結核的診斷Standards for DiagnosisStandard 1: Standards for Diagnosis Standard 1 All persons with otherwise unexplained productive cough lasting two–three weeks or more should be evaluated for tuberculosis. Standards for DiagnosisStandard 2: All patients (adults, adolescents, and children who are capable of producing sputum) suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis should have at least two, and preferably three, sputum specimens obtained for microscopic examination. When possible, at least one early morning specimen should be obtained. Standards for Diagnosis Standard 2Slide8: MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSISStandards for DiagnosisStandard 3: For all patients (adults, adolescents, and children) suspected of having extrapulmonary tuberculosis, appropriate specimens from the suspected sites of involvement should be obtained for microscopy and, where facilities and resources are available, for culture and histopathological examination. Standards for Diagnosis Standard 3Slide10: TB Lymphadenopathy TB OsteomyelitisStandards for DiagnosisStandard 4: All persons with chest radiographic findings suggestive of tuberculosis should have sputum specimens submitted for microbiological examination. Standards for Diagnosis Standard 4重度空洞型肺結核: 重度空洞型肺結核Standards for DiagnosisStandard 5: The diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis should be based on the following criteria: at least three negative sputum smears (including at least one early morning specimen); chest radiography findings consistent with tuberculosis; and lack of response to a trial of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. (NOTE: Because the fluoroquinolones are active against M. tuberculosis complex and, thus, may cause transient improvement in persons with tuberculosis, they should be avoided.) For such patients, if facilities for culture are available, sputum cultures should be obtained. In persons with known or suspected HIV infection, the diagnostic evaluation should be expedited. Standards for Diagnosis Standard 5診斷流程 Think TB!: 診斷流程 Think TB! 疑TB * 3次痰耐酸菌鏡檢 胸部X光 醫師研判 Non-anti TB antibiotics 進步? N Y Y AFB +++ AFB ++- AFB +-- AFB --- Yes TB No TB ** 重復痰耐 酸菌鏡檢 AFB + AFB - WHO. Treatement of tuberculosis, 3nd ed. 2003. WHO/CDS/TB 2003.313 * Screening: Cough>2-3 weeks * Diagnosis: Clinical signs, symtoms, chest radiography. ** Consider other diagnosisStandards for DiagnosisStandard 6: The diagnosis of intrathoracic (i.e., pulmonary, pleural, and mediastinal or hilar lymph node) tuberculosis in symptomatic children with negative sputum smears should be based on the finding of chest radiographic abnormalities consistent with tuberculosis and either a history of exposure to an infectious case or evidence of tuberculosis infection (positive tuberculin skin test or interferon gamma release assay). For such patients, if facilities for culture are available, sputum specimens should be obtained (by expectoration, gastric washings, or induced sputum) for culture. Standards for Diagnosis Standard 6Tuberculin 皮膚試驗: Tuberculin 皮膚試驗肺結核的治療: 肺結核的治療前言: 前言 抗結核的演進 抗結核藥物的標準治療 抗結核藥物之副作用 抗結核藥物副作用之處理Evolution of anti-TB therapy: Evolution of anti-TB therapy 1890s ~ 1940s ----- Sanatorium Artificial lung collapse Thoracoplasty Plombage therapy Chemotherapy 抗結核化學療法發展史上重要事件: 抗結核化學療法發展史上重要事件 1938 磺胺劑在天竺鼠體內可抑止結核菌生長 1944 發現鏈黴素streptomycin (SM) 1949 合併藥物療法,SM+PAS或SM+TB1 1952 Isoniazid (INH) 問世 1956 門診通院居家療法 1964 每日單次服藥法、間歇性化學療法 1972 短程療法 (Rifampicin 於1965年問世) 1980s Pyrazinamide 之再評估,兩階段治療 1990s 短程直接觀察治療法(DOTS,都治) Directly Observed Treatment,Short-Course抗結核藥物之發展: 抗結核藥物之發展 1938 Sulfonilamide 1940 Dapson 1944 Streptomycin(注) 1946 PAS 1946 Thiacetazone,TB1 1949 Pyrazinamide 1952 Isoniazide 1955 d-Cycloserine 1957 Kanamycin (注) 1958 Viomycin (注) 1959 Ethionamide, T1314 1961 Ethambutol 1962 Capreomycin(注) 1963 Prothionamide,T1321 1965 Rifampicin 1971 Tuberactionmycin (注) 1972 Amikacin (注) 1980s New fluoroquinolones 1981 Rifapentin 1983 Rifabutin Isoniazid (INH): Isoniazid (INH) Bactericidal Usual dose: 5 mg/kg daily Peak plasma level 3-5 ug/mL (2 hours after oral dose) Usual MIC (0.025-0.05 ug/ml) Toxicity Hepatitis Peripheral neuropathy Cost: NT$ 0.2/100 mg tabRifampin (RMP, RIF): Rifampin (RMP, RIF) Bactericidal Usual dose: 10 mg/kg daily Peak plasma level 10-20 ug/mL (2 hours after oral dose) Usual MIC (0.06-0.25 ug/mL) Toxicity Hepatitis Flu syndrome GI distress Cost: 300mg NT$ 10.10, 150 mg NT$ 5.60Ethambutol (EMB): Ethambutol (EMB) Bacteriostatic Usual dose: 15 mg/kg daily Peak plasma level 3-5 ug/mL (2 hours after oral dose) Usual MIC : 0.95-3.8 ug/mL Toxicity Optic neuritis Hyperuricemia GI distress Cost: NT$ 2.9/400 mg tabPyrazinamide (PZA) : Pyrazinamide (PZA) Bactericidal Usual dose: 25 mg/kg daily Peak plasma level 30-40 ug/ml (2 hours after oral dose) Usual MIC : 50 ug/mL at pH5.5 Toxicity Hepatitis Hyperuricemia Arthralgia Cost: 500 mg NT$ 2.92, 250 mg NT$ 2.6抗結核藥物與肝毒性: 抗結核藥物與肝毒性 前一個半月產生肝毒性為Rifampin 一個半月至4個月為INH PZA時程皆可 四個月後產生肝毒性為本身B型或C型肝炎結核病標準初次治療: 結核病標準初次治療 標準治療 2HRZE/4HRE 每日一次口服 前 2 個月 INH+RMP+PZA+EMB 後 4 個月 INH+RMP+EMB 成人劑量 Isoniazid (INH) 5mg/kg/d Rifampin (RMP) 10mg/kg/d Pyrazinamide (PZA) 25mg/kg/d Ethambutol (EMB) 15mg/kg/d 適用初治新案 (new case):不曾接受過抗結核藥治療或曾接受少於 4 週抗結核藥治療之病人。 如證實無 INH 或 RMP 抗藥, 則考慮停用 EMBFixed Drug Combination: Fixed Drug Combination Rifater (RFT) Isoniazid 80mg Rifampin 120mg Pyrazinamide 250mg Rifinah (RFN) RFN300: Isoniazid 150mg + Rifampin 300mg RFN150: Isoniazid 100mg + Rifampin 150mgSlide29: Rifater + Ethambutol Rifinah300 + Ethambutol Rifinah150 + Ethambutol肺結核標準初次治療: 肺結核標準初次治療 治療藥物組合 2HRZE/4HRE RFT (INH+RMP+PZA) + EMB for 2 months then RFN (INH+RMP) + EMB for 4 months 強烈建議以固定複方製劑RFT取代INH+ RMP+PZA單方組合;固定複方製劑RFN 取代INH+RMP單方組合 Hypothetical Model of TB Chemotherapy: Hypothetical Model of TB Chemotherapy # Bacilli Bactericidal Activity and Sterilizing Effect 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 A B C Pop. A = Rapidly multiplying (caseous) Drug activities: INH>SM>RIF>EMB Pop. B = Slowly multiplying (acidic) Drug activities: PZA>>RIF>INH Pop. C = Sporadically multiplying Drug activities: RIF>>INHShort-Course Chemotherapy: Short-Course Chemotherapy Mechanism: Prevention of drug resistance Early bactericidal activity Sterilizing action Principle: Multiple drug combined chemotherapy; two phase chemotherapy and / or intermittent chemotherapy Initial bactericidal and sterilizing action Less maintainance drug without influence on treatment result 6個月的療程: 6個月的療程 原則上,大部分病患在起始階段必須包括2個月的INH、RIF、EMB及PZA 包括182劑INH及RIF及56劑的PZA 在持續治療期必須再持續治療4個月(共6個月)或7個月(共9個月)(延長治療)。9個月的治療療程:只建議在三群病患之中 : 9個月的治療療程: 只建議在三群病患之中 病患起始X光片有開洞,且第二個月治療完之後的痰液培養為陽性。 起始治療期不含PZA。 使用一週一次INH+Rifapentine的治療方式,且第二個月治療完之後痰液培養仍為陽性。(對於愛滋病患,不建議使用INH+Rifapentine一週一次的方法 )何謂完治 : 何謂完治 整個療程完成治療,較正確的方式是計算其服用的總量,而非只是用藥的期間 比如說”6個月每天給藥的治療方式’必須包括182劑INH及RIF及56劑的PZA 若配合實施都治計劃(DOTS),使用一周五天的給藥方式共130劑,效果與一週七天者相同 療效評估: 療效評估 對於所有的病患在治療2個月後都必須再驗痰一次,大約有80%對藥物敏感的病患而言,在兩個月內痰液會陰轉 當病患一開始胸部X光顯示有開洞及兩個月時痰液培養仍為陽性時,此時復發率為5-6%,相對於兩危險因子都沒有時復發率只有2%塗陽病人治療成果 (Treatment outcome): 塗陽病人治療成果 (Treatment outcome) 治癒(Cure) 服藥期滿時或前一個月痰塗菌陰,且在此之前至少有兩次菌陰。 服藥期滿(Treatment completed) 服藥期滿但未証實治癒。 治療失敗(Treatment failure) 治療5個月後仍痰檢驗陽性或由菌陰轉菌陽。 死亡(Died) 治療期間任何原因死亡。 治療中斷/失落(Treatment interrupted/default) 連續中斷治療2個月以上 初期中斷治療14天以上,繼續治療期在3個月以上或在評估治療成果時仍在治療中。 遷出(Transfer out) 治療期間遷出至其他管理單位。復發: 復發 大部分的復發是發生在完治後第6-12個月之間,幾乎所有一開始對藥物敏感的病患,接受含Rifampicin的藥物,且使用都治計劃,萬一有復發時,都還是對藥物敏感的菌株,此時復發可使用原本4種藥物治療。 但目前WHO建議原本4種藥物治療需再加streptomycin治療,共五種藥物治療 再治病患之治療: 再治病患之治療 再治病患:包括復發, 失敗再治, 失落再治 需包括INH, RMP, EMB, PZA, SM等五種藥物 再治病患若無法進行結核菌藥敏試驗時,應考慮全程使用PZA當病患有中斷治療時該如何處理: 當病患有中斷治療時該如何處理 在啟始階段(前兩個月) :病患中斷治療不得超過14天,超過14天以上必須重新計算,重新開始治療 在持續治療階段(兩個月之後):病患中斷治療不得超過3個月,超過3個月以上必須重新計算,重新開始治療 但是只要病患病患中斷治療不超過3個月,且能在9個月完成治療,甚至完成80%的藥物治療就可以算是完治治療病患時該注意的事項 : 治療病患時該注意的事項 第一線藥物治療時應一起服用,儘量避免將劑量分開服用 固定成分的劑型(複方)服用上較個別單一劑型更容易,也可減少服藥錯誤及減少抗藥性 單一藥物不能用時: 單一藥物不能用時 INH不能用: EMB+RMP+PZA 6-9月 RMP不能用: INH+EMB+PZA±FQN 2月/ INH+EMB+FQN 18月 EMB不能用: INH+RMP+PZA2月/INH+RMP4m月 PZA不能用: INH+RMP 9月 兩種藥物不能用時: INH+RMP不能用:EMB+PZA+FQN+TBN+PAS(CS)+SM6月/EMB+PZA+FQN+TBN 12-18月 INH+EMB不能用:RMP+PZA+FQN9月 RMP+EMB不能用:INH+PZA+FQN+SM6月/ INH+PZA+FQN12月 RMP+PZA不能用:INH+EMB+FQN+SM6月/ INH+EMB+FQN12月 EMB+PZA不能用:INH+RMP9月 INH+PZA不能用:RMP+EMB+FQN9月 兩種藥物不能用時Slide44: THANK FOR YOUR ATTENTION You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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960601 Sebastiana Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 247 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: February 28, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: tonsur (43 month(s) ago) sebastiana, please let me download this ppt. tx. tonsur Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript 肺結核的診斷治療: 肺結核的診斷治療 署立桃園醫院 胸腔內科 李世偉 醫師結核病診治指引: 結核病診治指引肺結核的診斷: 肺結核的診斷Standards for DiagnosisStandard 1: Standards for Diagnosis Standard 1 All persons with otherwise unexplained productive cough lasting two–three weeks or more should be evaluated for tuberculosis. Standards for DiagnosisStandard 2: All patients (adults, adolescents, and children who are capable of producing sputum) suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis should have at least two, and preferably three, sputum specimens obtained for microscopic examination. When possible, at least one early morning specimen should be obtained. Standards for Diagnosis Standard 2Slide8: MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSISStandards for DiagnosisStandard 3: For all patients (adults, adolescents, and children) suspected of having extrapulmonary tuberculosis, appropriate specimens from the suspected sites of involvement should be obtained for microscopy and, where facilities and resources are available, for culture and histopathological examination. Standards for Diagnosis Standard 3Slide10: TB Lymphadenopathy TB OsteomyelitisStandards for DiagnosisStandard 4: All persons with chest radiographic findings suggestive of tuberculosis should have sputum specimens submitted for microbiological examination. Standards for Diagnosis Standard 4重度空洞型肺結核: 重度空洞型肺結核Standards for DiagnosisStandard 5: The diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis should be based on the following criteria: at least three negative sputum smears (including at least one early morning specimen); chest radiography findings consistent with tuberculosis; and lack of response to a trial of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. (NOTE: Because the fluoroquinolones are active against M. tuberculosis complex and, thus, may cause transient improvement in persons with tuberculosis, they should be avoided.) For such patients, if facilities for culture are available, sputum cultures should be obtained. In persons with known or suspected HIV infection, the diagnostic evaluation should be expedited. Standards for Diagnosis Standard 5診斷流程 Think TB!: 診斷流程 Think TB! 疑TB * 3次痰耐酸菌鏡檢 胸部X光 醫師研判 Non-anti TB antibiotics 進步? N Y Y AFB +++ AFB ++- AFB +-- AFB --- Yes TB No TB ** 重復痰耐 酸菌鏡檢 AFB + AFB - WHO. Treatement of tuberculosis, 3nd ed. 2003. WHO/CDS/TB 2003.313 * Screening: Cough>2-3 weeks * Diagnosis: Clinical signs, symtoms, chest radiography. ** Consider other diagnosisStandards for DiagnosisStandard 6: The diagnosis of intrathoracic (i.e., pulmonary, pleural, and mediastinal or hilar lymph node) tuberculosis in symptomatic children with negative sputum smears should be based on the finding of chest radiographic abnormalities consistent with tuberculosis and either a history of exposure to an infectious case or evidence of tuberculosis infection (positive tuberculin skin test or interferon gamma release assay). For such patients, if facilities for culture are available, sputum specimens should be obtained (by expectoration, gastric washings, or induced sputum) for culture. Standards for Diagnosis Standard 6Tuberculin 皮膚試驗: Tuberculin 皮膚試驗肺結核的治療: 肺結核的治療前言: 前言 抗結核的演進 抗結核藥物的標準治療 抗結核藥物之副作用 抗結核藥物副作用之處理Evolution of anti-TB therapy: Evolution of anti-TB therapy 1890s ~ 1940s ----- Sanatorium Artificial lung collapse Thoracoplasty Plombage therapy Chemotherapy 抗結核化學療法發展史上重要事件: 抗結核化學療法發展史上重要事件 1938 磺胺劑在天竺鼠體內可抑止結核菌生長 1944 發現鏈黴素streptomycin (SM) 1949 合併藥物療法,SM+PAS或SM+TB1 1952 Isoniazid (INH) 問世 1956 門診通院居家療法 1964 每日單次服藥法、間歇性化學療法 1972 短程療法 (Rifampicin 於1965年問世) 1980s Pyrazinamide 之再評估,兩階段治療 1990s 短程直接觀察治療法(DOTS,都治) Directly Observed Treatment,Short-Course抗結核藥物之發展: 抗結核藥物之發展 1938 Sulfonilamide 1940 Dapson 1944 Streptomycin(注) 1946 PAS 1946 Thiacetazone,TB1 1949 Pyrazinamide 1952 Isoniazide 1955 d-Cycloserine 1957 Kanamycin (注) 1958 Viomycin (注) 1959 Ethionamide, T1314 1961 Ethambutol 1962 Capreomycin(注) 1963 Prothionamide,T1321 1965 Rifampicin 1971 Tuberactionmycin (注) 1972 Amikacin (注) 1980s New fluoroquinolones 1981 Rifapentin 1983 Rifabutin Isoniazid (INH): Isoniazid (INH) Bactericidal Usual dose: 5 mg/kg daily Peak plasma level 3-5 ug/mL (2 hours after oral dose) Usual MIC (0.025-0.05 ug/ml) Toxicity Hepatitis Peripheral neuropathy Cost: NT$ 0.2/100 mg tabRifampin (RMP, RIF): Rifampin (RMP, RIF) Bactericidal Usual dose: 10 mg/kg daily Peak plasma level 10-20 ug/mL (2 hours after oral dose) Usual MIC (0.06-0.25 ug/mL) Toxicity Hepatitis Flu syndrome GI distress Cost: 300mg NT$ 10.10, 150 mg NT$ 5.60Ethambutol (EMB): Ethambutol (EMB) Bacteriostatic Usual dose: 15 mg/kg daily Peak plasma level 3-5 ug/mL (2 hours after oral dose) Usual MIC : 0.95-3.8 ug/mL Toxicity Optic neuritis Hyperuricemia GI distress Cost: NT$ 2.9/400 mg tabPyrazinamide (PZA) : Pyrazinamide (PZA) Bactericidal Usual dose: 25 mg/kg daily Peak plasma level 30-40 ug/ml (2 hours after oral dose) Usual MIC : 50 ug/mL at pH5.5 Toxicity Hepatitis Hyperuricemia Arthralgia Cost: 500 mg NT$ 2.92, 250 mg NT$ 2.6抗結核藥物與肝毒性: 抗結核藥物與肝毒性 前一個半月產生肝毒性為Rifampin 一個半月至4個月為INH PZA時程皆可 四個月後產生肝毒性為本身B型或C型肝炎結核病標準初次治療: 結核病標準初次治療 標準治療 2HRZE/4HRE 每日一次口服 前 2 個月 INH+RMP+PZA+EMB 後 4 個月 INH+RMP+EMB 成人劑量 Isoniazid (INH) 5mg/kg/d Rifampin (RMP) 10mg/kg/d Pyrazinamide (PZA) 25mg/kg/d Ethambutol (EMB) 15mg/kg/d 適用初治新案 (new case):不曾接受過抗結核藥治療或曾接受少於 4 週抗結核藥治療之病人。 如證實無 INH 或 RMP 抗藥, 則考慮停用 EMBFixed Drug Combination: Fixed Drug Combination Rifater (RFT) Isoniazid 80mg Rifampin 120mg Pyrazinamide 250mg Rifinah (RFN) RFN300: Isoniazid 150mg + Rifampin 300mg RFN150: Isoniazid 100mg + Rifampin 150mgSlide29: Rifater + Ethambutol Rifinah300 + Ethambutol Rifinah150 + Ethambutol肺結核標準初次治療: 肺結核標準初次治療 治療藥物組合 2HRZE/4HRE RFT (INH+RMP+PZA) + EMB for 2 months then RFN (INH+RMP) + EMB for 4 months 強烈建議以固定複方製劑RFT取代INH+ RMP+PZA單方組合;固定複方製劑RFN 取代INH+RMP單方組合 Hypothetical Model of TB Chemotherapy: Hypothetical Model of TB Chemotherapy # Bacilli Bactericidal Activity and Sterilizing Effect 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 A B C Pop. A = Rapidly multiplying (caseous) Drug activities: INH>SM>RIF>EMB Pop. B = Slowly multiplying (acidic) Drug activities: PZA>>RIF>INH Pop. C = Sporadically multiplying Drug activities: RIF>>INHShort-Course Chemotherapy: Short-Course Chemotherapy Mechanism: Prevention of drug resistance Early bactericidal activity Sterilizing action Principle: Multiple drug combined chemotherapy; two phase chemotherapy and / or intermittent chemotherapy Initial bactericidal and sterilizing action Less maintainance drug without influence on treatment result 6個月的療程: 6個月的療程 原則上,大部分病患在起始階段必須包括2個月的INH、RIF、EMB及PZA 包括182劑INH及RIF及56劑的PZA 在持續治療期必須再持續治療4個月(共6個月)或7個月(共9個月)(延長治療)。9個月的治療療程:只建議在三群病患之中 : 9個月的治療療程: 只建議在三群病患之中 病患起始X光片有開洞,且第二個月治療完之後的痰液培養為陽性。 起始治療期不含PZA。 使用一週一次INH+Rifapentine的治療方式,且第二個月治療完之後痰液培養仍為陽性。(對於愛滋病患,不建議使用INH+Rifapentine一週一次的方法 )何謂完治 : 何謂完治 整個療程完成治療,較正確的方式是計算其服用的總量,而非只是用藥的期間 比如說”6個月每天給藥的治療方式’必須包括182劑INH及RIF及56劑的PZA 若配合實施都治計劃(DOTS),使用一周五天的給藥方式共130劑,效果與一週七天者相同 療效評估: 療效評估 對於所有的病患在治療2個月後都必須再驗痰一次,大約有80%對藥物敏感的病患而言,在兩個月內痰液會陰轉 當病患一開始胸部X光顯示有開洞及兩個月時痰液培養仍為陽性時,此時復發率為5-6%,相對於兩危險因子都沒有時復發率只有2%塗陽病人治療成果 (Treatment outcome): 塗陽病人治療成果 (Treatment outcome) 治癒(Cure) 服藥期滿時或前一個月痰塗菌陰,且在此之前至少有兩次菌陰。 服藥期滿(Treatment completed) 服藥期滿但未証實治癒。 治療失敗(Treatment failure) 治療5個月後仍痰檢驗陽性或由菌陰轉菌陽。 死亡(Died) 治療期間任何原因死亡。 治療中斷/失落(Treatment interrupted/default) 連續中斷治療2個月以上 初期中斷治療14天以上,繼續治療期在3個月以上或在評估治療成果時仍在治療中。 遷出(Transfer out) 治療期間遷出至其他管理單位。復發: 復發 大部分的復發是發生在完治後第6-12個月之間,幾乎所有一開始對藥物敏感的病患,接受含Rifampicin的藥物,且使用都治計劃,萬一有復發時,都還是對藥物敏感的菌株,此時復發可使用原本4種藥物治療。 但目前WHO建議原本4種藥物治療需再加streptomycin治療,共五種藥物治療 再治病患之治療: 再治病患之治療 再治病患:包括復發, 失敗再治, 失落再治 需包括INH, RMP, EMB, PZA, SM等五種藥物 再治病患若無法進行結核菌藥敏試驗時,應考慮全程使用PZA當病患有中斷治療時該如何處理: 當病患有中斷治療時該如何處理 在啟始階段(前兩個月) :病患中斷治療不得超過14天,超過14天以上必須重新計算,重新開始治療 在持續治療階段(兩個月之後):病患中斷治療不得超過3個月,超過3個月以上必須重新計算,重新開始治療 但是只要病患病患中斷治療不超過3個月,且能在9個月完成治療,甚至完成80%的藥物治療就可以算是完治治療病患時該注意的事項 : 治療病患時該注意的事項 第一線藥物治療時應一起服用,儘量避免將劑量分開服用 固定成分的劑型(複方)服用上較個別單一劑型更容易,也可減少服藥錯誤及減少抗藥性 單一藥物不能用時: 單一藥物不能用時 INH不能用: EMB+RMP+PZA 6-9月 RMP不能用: INH+EMB+PZA±FQN 2月/ INH+EMB+FQN 18月 EMB不能用: INH+RMP+PZA2月/INH+RMP4m月 PZA不能用: INH+RMP 9月 兩種藥物不能用時: INH+RMP不能用:EMB+PZA+FQN+TBN+PAS(CS)+SM6月/EMB+PZA+FQN+TBN 12-18月 INH+EMB不能用:RMP+PZA+FQN9月 RMP+EMB不能用:INH+PZA+FQN+SM6月/ INH+PZA+FQN12月 RMP+PZA不能用:INH+EMB+FQN+SM6月/ INH+EMB+FQN12月 EMB+PZA不能用:INH+RMP9月 INH+PZA不能用:RMP+EMB+FQN9月 兩種藥物不能用時Slide44: THANK FOR YOUR ATTENTION