week 11 social and economic revival PPT WH 1

社會和貿易的盛衰 Social and Economic Rise and Decline: 

社會和貿易的盛衰 Social and Economic Rise and Decline

Slide2: 

歐洲封建制度 Feudalism 諸侯Vassal and封建主Lord 采邑制度Fiefdom 農奴Serfs 領地Manor 圖爾戰役Battle of Tours 諾曼第公國Duchy of Normandy 聖-克萊爾-埃普特條約Treaty of St Clair-sur-Epte 諾曼西西里王國Norman Kingdom of Sicily 物物交換經濟Barter economy 本尼迪克特教團Benedictines 格列高列(葛利果理、額我略)改革Gregorian Reforms

軍事修士會Military Orders: 

軍事修士會Military Orders

軍事修士會Military Orders : 

軍事修士會Military Orders 聖殿騎士團 Knights Templar 1096-1307 Philip IV of France

Slide5: 

條頓騎士團Teutonic Knights (1190-1809) Poland, Prussia, Estonia, Lituania

貿易聯盟 Trade Organizations: 

貿易聯盟 Trade Organizations

漢撒同盟Hanseatic League: 

漢撒同盟Hanseatic League 呂貝克Lübeck, 諾夫哥羅德Novgorod,布魯日Bruges

商品Commodities : 

商品Commodities 穀類grain 皮貨furs 木材timber 羊毛wool 魚乾dry fish 琥珀amber

Slide9: 

呂貝克Lübeck 1168 (帝國自由城市 Imperial City 1227)

Slide10: 

諾夫哥羅德Novgorod (諾夫哥羅德公國Novgorod Republic 1136 – 1478)

Slide11: 

布魯日Bruges (1128, decline after 1500) Wool, Banking 范艾克﹝Jan van Eyck 1385-1441﹞

義大利半島共和國Italian Republics: 

義大利半島共和國 Italian Republics

Slide14: 

威尼斯共和國Republic of Venice 811-1797

鼠疫Black Death The Plague (Black Death): 

鼠疫Black Death The Plague (Black Death) http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_10_225.gif

百年戰爭Hundred Years War 1337-1453: 

百年戰爭Hundred Years War 1337-1453 http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH209.jpg

封建制度的爭鬥Feudal conflicts : 

封建制度的爭鬥Feudal conflicts 愛德華二世 (r. 1308-1327) 伊莎貝拉Isabella of France 1295-1358 (married 1308) 愛德華三世 Edward III 1312-1377 (r. 1327-1377)

Slide19: 

阿奇坦Aquitaine加斯科尼Gascony

Slide20: 

克雷西戰役Battle of Crecy 1346 大弓longbow vs. 弩crossbows

Slide21: 

英國進攻English advances 1415-1429 阿金庫戰役Battle of Agincourt 1415 (sign of the V)

Slide22: 

英國被打敗English defeat 1429-1453 聖女貞德Joan of Arc 1412-1431

榴彈炮cannon : 

榴彈炮cannon

Peasant Revolts : 

Peasant Revolts 佛蘭德農奴起義Peasant Revolt in Flanders 1323-1328 扎克雷革命Jacquerie 1356-1358 (France) 英國農民起義Peasant’s Revolt 1381 (London, 泰勒起義 Watt Tyler’s Revolt) Revolt of the Ciompi 1378 (弗洛倫斯Florence, 行會爭鬥guild conflict)

Peasants’ Revolt 1381: 

Peasants’ Revolt 1381

大分裂Great Schism 1378-1417: 

大分裂Great Schism 1378-1417 http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH219.jpg

公思當斯大公會議Council of Constance (1414-1418): 

公思當斯大公會議 Council of Constance (1414-1418)

International Principles - Pawel Wlodkowic (賈基洛尼亞大學校長Rector of Jagiellownian University, Poland): 

International Principles - Pawel Wlodkowic (賈基洛尼亞大學校長Rector of Jagiellownian University, Poland) Communities have the right to determine to which nation they belonged. Peoples have the right to decide on their own future and to defend their nation. Rulers are bound to respect the individual religious convictions of their subjects. Religious conversion can never be used as a pretext for war Maintenance of peace required an International Tribunal to judge contesting claims. No ruler, not even the Emperor or the Pope, should be able declare war without following legal process. The principles of just war are always applicable and binding, even if the enemies are not Christian. Non-Christian and non-Catholic nations living at peace with their neighbors have the right to have their sovereignty and the integrity of their territories safeguarded. Neither the Emperor nor the Pope could authorize anything against the principles of natural law. The right of might erodes international relations like a cancer.

Slide30: 

“Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse啟示錄四騎士 阿爾布雷特·丟勒 Albrecht Durer 1498