Archive Hazards 05Con 01E8

Occupational Hazards Associated with the Moving Image Archivists Profession: 

Occupational Hazards Associated with the Moving Image Archivists Profession

What’s behind your door?: 

What’s behind your door? ? Door No. 1 Door No. 2

Objectives: 

Objectives Review different environmental factors or stresses that may cause sickness, impaired health or significant discomfort in workers Review the film archive work environment, work activities and potential hazards Review film base issues and discuss specific chemical hazards Review applicable programs that could apply to the film archive

Hazard vs. Risk: 

Hazard vs. Risk Hazard = Capable of causing harm Risk = Hazard + Probability Risk = Hazard + Outrage

Environmental factors or Stresses: 

Environmental factors or Stresses Chemical hazards Physical hazards Biological hazards Ergonomic hazards

Chemical hazards: 

Chemical hazards Result from excessive exposure through inhalation, skin contact or ingestion of chemical agent(s). Physical form of chemicals can be liquids, particulates (dust, fumes, mists, smoke), vapors or gases.

Chemical Hazards: 

Chemical Hazards Toxicity Acute vs. chronic effects Dose response Individual variation Physical Properties Flammability Reactivity Corrosivity

Exposure Limits: 

Exposure Limits PEL TLV OSHA – Permissible Exposure Limit Has the effect of law ACGIH – Threshold Limit Value Independent, non-regulatory Considered to represent best available recommendation Are typically based on an 8-hr full shift exposure

Exposure limits: 

Exposure limits

Exposure limits (cont.): 

Exposure limits (cont.)

Exposure factors: 

Exposure factors Concentration Time 8am 10am 12pm 2pm 4pm 6pm Conc. (ppm) 1 10 20 OSHA PEL For Acetic Acid

Ergonomics: 

Ergonomics Ergonomics – is the study of the design of work in relation to the physiological and psychological capabilities of people…also called biotechnology or human engineering Office ergonomics (sitting, computer work, etc.) Lifting rolls/cans of film Weight Lifting height Using manual winders Sitting Arms ways from body Wrist position Lighting Temperature extremes

Physical hazards: 

Physical hazards Safety Life safety (egress – exit pathways) Falls (ladders) Electrical Damaged power cords Machine guarding Winders/projector Slips/falls

Physical hazards: 

Physical hazards Noise From viewing movies with sound tracks OSHA limit is 85 dBA as an 8-hr average

Physical hazards: 

Physical hazards Ionizing or non-ionizing radiation Projector lamps (Xeon bulbs can produce harmful wavelengths of UV light (270 nm) Bright visible light hazards from projector bulbs Some static eliminators use radioactive materials (Po-210 or Am-241)

Biological Hazards: 

Biological Hazards Blood borne pathogens First aid teams Contaminated equipment Molds & Bacteria Contaminated film Contaminated storage facility or HVAC equipment

Hazard review: 

Hazard review Chemical Ergonomic Physical Biological CTD, (material handling, etc.)

Hazard Assessment Process: 

Hazard Assessment Process

Hierarchy of Hazard Control: 

Hierarchy of Hazard Control Substitution Engineering Administrative Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): 

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Discuss proper use of PPE Discuss selection and limitations of gloves Needs to be done

Film archive environment: 

Film archive environment Typical work activities Receiving and inspection of new inventory Storing film under controlled conditions Conservation of films Inspection/viewing Cleaning Copying Restoring

Receiving, Inspection & Viewing: 

Receiving, Inspection & Viewing Activities Material handing Inspection Data entry Hazards Ergonomic – lifting, carrying, use of manual winders Cuts from packaging, film can or film Eye issues – dust, impact with leader Film condition – mold, decomposition, chemical/cleaning contamination

Rewind – Manual and Power: 

Rewind – Manual and Power Discuss manual winding issues, arm and hand positions

Winders: 

Winders Payoff Control Take up Control Archival Wind Speed Setting for: - acetate - polyester Non Critical Film Elements Only!!

Splicers: 

Splicers Discuss mechanical “pinch” hazards

Viewers: 

Viewers

Storing film: 

Storing film Activities Material handling Working in controlled environment (cold/dry) Data entry Hazards Ergonomic Mechanical – pinch points, automatic rack systems Material falling Indoor air quality Chemical exposure Film decomposition Off-gassing

Racks: 

Racks

Conservation work - Inspection: 

Conservation work - Inspection Activities Winding and unwinding Visual inspection Environment (ambient temp./higher humidity) Hazards Ergonomic Eye strain/injury Cuts Exposure to mold or chemicals

Racks: 

Racks Double roll – 2000 ft 35 mm film weighs about 15 lbs Single roll – 1000 ft weighs about 7 lbs

Racks: 

Racks

Conservation - Cleaning: 

Conservation - Cleaning Activities Loading/unloading film into cleaning equipment Handling solvents Hazards Skin contact and inhalation of cleaning solvents

Conservation - Restoration: 

Conservation - Restoration Activities Retouching Re-coloring Mold removal Splicing Hazards Chemicals Biocides

Solvent cleaning: 

Solvent cleaning Solvents used can include: Trichloroethane Perchloroethane 3M Solvent IPA Potential hazards: Defattening of skin Narcosis liver

Film base: 

Film base Cellulose nitrate: 1893-1952 35mm Cellulose triacetate: 1940’s – present 8mm, Super 8mm, 9.5mm, 16mm, 28 mm, 35mm & 70mm Polyester: Mid-1950’s to present Super 8mm, 16mm, 35mm & 70mm

House Keeping: 

House Keeping Film Handling Areas Vault Areas Staging Area

Volatiles released from film: 

Volatiles released from film Residual casting solvents Off-gassing of cleaning solvents Volatile degradation products

Residual solvents from manufacturing : 

Residual solvents from manufacturing Methylene chloride Acetone N-butanol Cyclohexane 1,2 dichloropropane

Off-gassing from film cleaning products : 

Off-gassing from film cleaning products 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ozone depletion substance –ODS) Perchloroethylene (also known as tetrachloroethylene

Cellulose nitrate film base: 

Cellulose nitrate film base Severe fire/explosion risk Requires special storage facilities Degrades to form oxides of nitrogen Acidic by-products (accelerates degradation) Skin and respiratory irritants

Cellulose triacetate film base: 

Cellulose triacetate film base Vinegar syndrome 1000 ft roll could release 250 teaspoons of acetic acid equivalent to ~ 1.3 quarts

Vinegar Syndrome: 

Vinegar Syndrome Acetic acid hazards/characteristics Symptoms at various concentrations Measurement of acetic acid Draeger tubes Passive dosimeters IPI strips

Regulatory impacts: 

Regulatory impacts Safety & Health Transportation regulations Environment -Air -Water -Solid waste

Applicable HSE Programs: 

Applicable HSE Programs Emergency preparedness (exits, fire, medical emergencies) Hazard communication Ergonomics Personal protective equipment Electrical safety Machine guarding Environment permits (air /water) Possible transportation issues

Slide45: 

Questions

An effective Hazard Communication Program should be able to:: 

An effective Hazard Communication Program should be able to:

An effective Hazard Communication Program should be able to – Cont.:: 

An effective Hazard Communication Program should be able to – Cont.: Explain toxicity and the factors effecting toxicity. Identify the conditions of exposure and the factors effecting exposure. Define target organ effects and list associated chemical categories and the general health effects they have on the body. Explain the labeling system used in your work area. Explain where MSDSs are kept. Explain the information on an MSDS. Identify how to obtain appropriate hazard information associated with chemicals.

An Effective Personal Protective Equipment Program will allow you to:: 

An Effective Personal Protective Equipment Program will allow you to: Select the correct PPE Describe when to use PPE Demonstrate how to don PPE Demonstrate how to doff PPE Demonstrate how to adjust and wear PPE Describe the limitations of PPE Describe the care of PPE Demonstrate how to maintain PPE Identify the end of useful life of PPE Safely dispose of PPE

An Effective Ergonomic Program will:: 

An Effective Ergonomic Program will: Describe what ergonomics is and how to apply ergonomic principles to the design of workplaces and tasks in an effort to reduce musculoskeletal risk factors. Identify the common types of musculoskeletal disorders and the factors that may contribute to their occurrence. Perform office assessments using basic task analysis skills and problem solving tools and techniques to identify and reduce musculoskeletal risk factors in the workplace. Describe how an ergonomics program functions and explain their roles and responsibilities in the program. Train other employees related to the Ergonomics of computers.

An Electrical Safety Training Course will provide:: 

An Electrical Safety Training Course will provide: Training on electrical hazards common to employees and the effects of electricity to the body. Topics include de-energizing equipment, inspecting cords and plugs, operating electrical disconnects, GFCI's and alerting techniques used to warn other employees. The course should be intended on meeting the training requirements for OSHA 29 CFR 1910.331 as it relates to "unqualified persons". Discuss how electricity can harm you Recognize how to avoid electrical hazards Describe how to work safely around electrical equipment Locate different kinds of electrical hazards

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts:: 

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts: Part 1: Fire Extinguisher Training Identify the types of fire extinguishers used at your facility "Size-up" an incipient fire Identify and properly operate fire alarms Identify methods of extinguishing various types of small fires Operate an extinguisher and put out a fire

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts:: 

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts: Part 2: Blood borne Pathogen Training Define BBPs and the risks associated with exposure. Identify the tasks that have potential occupational exposure to BBPs. Describe how to protect yourself when performing these tasks. Describe the proper procedure for removing contaminated gloves. Explain the benefits, risks, and OSHA requirements for Hepatitis B vaccinations. Define the process, identified in your Exposure Control Plan (ECP), for reporting exposure

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts:: 

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts: Part 2 Cont. : Standard First Aid List the check points of safety to determine if it's safe to respond to an emergency situation. Describe and recognize the risks, signs, and symptoms of a heart attack. Describe and recognize the signs and symptoms of a breathing emergency. Demonstrate how to control bleeding. Demonstrate how to care for nonlife-threatening emergencies such as strain, sprain, or fracture. Describe how to use the community's emergency medical services (EMS) system effectively.

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts:: 

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts: (a) An Exit Must Be Permanent Part 3: Means of Egress (for more information go to www.osha.gov - Exit Routes [Means of Egress] - 61:47712-47722 ) ) (b) The Number Of Exit Routes Must Be Adequate (c) An Exit Has Limited Openings (d) An Exit Must Be Separated By Fire Resistant Materials (e) Exit Route Access Must Be Unobstructed (f) An Exit Must Lead Outside What are the design requirements for exit routes? (g) An Exit Door Must Be Unlocked (h) A Side-hinged Exit Door Must Be Used The Capacity Of An Exit Route Must Be Adequate (j) An Exit Must Meet Minimum Height And Width Requirements (k) An Outdoor Exit Route Is Permitted

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts:: 

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts: Part 3: Means of Egress (for more information go to www.osha.gov - Exit Routes [Means of Egress] - 61:47712-47722 ) What are the operation and maintenance requirements for exit routes? The Danger To Employees Must Be Minimized (b) Lighting Must Be Adequate (c) An Exit Must Be Marked Appropriately (d) The Fire Retardant Properties Of Paints Or Other Coatings Must Be Maintained (e) Each Emergency Safeguard Must Be Maintained (f) Exits Must Be Maintained During Construction And Repair (g) An Employee Alarm System Must Be Operable

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts: : 

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts: Part 3: Means of Egress (for more information go to www.osha.gov - Exit Routes [Means of Egress] - 61:47712-47722 ) What are the requirements for an Emergency Action Plan? An Emergency Action Plan Must Be Available for Employee Review (b) Minimum Elements Of An Emergency Action Plan (c) Employee Alarm System (d) Training (e) Employee Review

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts:: 

Emergency Preparedness – Three Parts: Part 3: Means of Egress (for more information go to www.osha.gov - Exit Routes [Means of Egress] - 61:47712-47722 ) What are the requirements for a Fire Prevention Plan? A Fire Prevention Plan Must Be Available For Employee Review (b) Minimum Elements Of A Fire Prevention Plan (c) Employee Information