Role of Technology

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Presentation Transcript

The Role of Technology in Reducing Motor Vehicle Crashes and Their Aftermath: 

The Role of Technology in Reducing Motor Vehicle Crashes and Their Aftermath Drew Dawson, Director NHTSA Office of EMS

Motor Vehicle Injuries: The leading cause of injury, world wide!: 

Motor Vehicle Injuries: The leading cause of injury, world wide!

Haddon Matrix: 

Haddon Matrix Comprehensive Approach to Highway Safety Pre-Crash Crash Human Vehicle Environment

Technology: 

Technology The Vehicle

History: 

History 1901 - Speedometers - Oldsmobiles are the first to feature speedometers. 1906 - Closed body Cadillac. Cadillac offered a closed body car. 1908 - Headlight - General Motors introduces the first electric headlamp.

History: 

History 1912 - Self Starter - Cadillac introduced the 1st successful electric self starter. 1912 - All Steel Body

History: 

History 1924 - Two Filament Headlamps improving night time visibility distance. 1925 - Electric Wipers - wiper speed could be maintained regardless of engine speed. 1926 - Safety Glass- Safety Plate, shatter proof (laminated) glass is introduced to reduce the potential for flying glass during an accident.

History: 

History 1930 - Slanted Windshields - eliminate night time glare of headlamps from oncoming traffic. 1933 - Knee Action - Independent front wheel suspension, improves ride, car stability, and steering. 1939 - Automatic Shift 1939 - Turn Signals

History: 

History 1940 - Front/Rear Directional Signals - Buick is first to offer front/rear directional signaling with self canceling switch. 1945 - War Years

History: 

History 1952 - Power Steering 1953 - Power Brakes 1955 - Seat Belts 1954 - Electric Windows 1959 - 2 Speed Electric Wipers

History: 

History 1966 - Energy Absorbing Steering Column 1969 - Impact Testing 1969 -Side Guard Beam

History: 

History 1971 - Sealed Battery 1973 - Air Cushions 1974 - Catalytic Converter

History: 

History 1986 - Rear Seat lap/shoulder safety belts.

History: 

History 1990 - Anti-lock Brakes 1999 - In Vehicle Computers/MAYDAY

Evolution of Vehicle Safety: 

Evolution of Vehicle Safety

Vehicle Innovations: 

Vehicle Innovations

Back-up Aid : 

Back-up Aid Typical Application Back-up Aid is active anytime a vehicle is put into reverse gear. It’s useful for parallel parking, backing in and out of parking spaces, and backing at higher speeds.

Adaptive Cruise Control: 

Adaptive Cruise Control Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) greatly increases the value of cruise control, especially in congested traffic situations. Detects objects in the vehicle’s path. If the lane ahead is clear, the system will maintain the set speed. When slower traffic is detected, the system will maintain a driver-selected headway — using throttle control and limited braking.

Night Vision: 

Night Vision

Night Vision: 

Night Vision

Night Vision: 

Night Vision

Stability Control: 

Stability Control

Fishhook Maneuver: 

Fishhook Maneuver

Intervention Example 2006 Porsche Boxster: 

Intervention Example 2006 Porsche Boxster ESC Disabled (Note occurrence of transient oversteer)

Intervention Example 2005 Nissan Titan: 

Intervention Example 2005 Nissan Titan

Intervention Example 2005 Mitsubishi Montero: 

Intervention Example 2005 Mitsubishi Montero

Tire Pressure Monitoring System: 

Tire Pressure Monitoring System

Still to come…..: 

Still to come…..

Slide29: 

Rear-end Collision

Slide30: 

Intersection Collision

Slide31: 

Roadway Departure

Slide32: 

Lane Change/Merge Collision

The Future … Integration: 

The Future … Integration

Technology: 

Technology The Driver

Slide35: 

Driver Monitoring

Ignition Interlocks: 

Ignition Interlocks

Visual and Ocular Measures of Driver Impairment: 

Visual and Ocular Measures of Driver Impairment Drowsiness PERCLOS (percent of eye closure) measured using cameras aimed at face Driver Distraction Machine vision analysis of glance directions shows tunnel vision of search and scan patterns or glances inside vehicle instead of on the roadway Alcohol Impairment Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Pupil response to light ???

Issues: 

Issues Accuracy Public acceptance Cost Low maintenance Installation and upkeep Funding Research and development

Technology: 

Technology Post Crash Care

Automatic Collision Notification: 

Automatic Collision Notification

Slide43: 

Data Shared      Provider Name/ID      Incident ID      Call Back Number      Event Verified      Date Stamp      Time Received      Latitude and Longitude      VIN      Datum      Device Event Type      Delta V, Direction of Force      Which airbags deployed      Vehicle Manufacturer, Make, Model, Year, Color Rollover information (if available and present) Multiple Impacts

Automatic Crash Notification Advanced Automatic Crash Notification: 

Automatic Crash Notification Advanced Automatic Crash Notification Revision of ACS Field Triage Protocol University of Michigan Other efforts to evaluate which data elements are clinically useful

EMS Technology Project: 

EMS Technology Project Technology in EMS is important Assuring clinical efficacy of devices is critical Cooperative agreement with National Association of EMS Physicians Develop a process for medical review of EMS equipment

Next Generation 9-1-1 : 

Next Generation 9-1-1

Slide47: 

 =

Slide48: 

All telephones are not alike Other devices can now act like telephones

Current and Future 9-1-1: 

Current and Future 9-1-1

Next Generation 9-1-1 - The Opportunities: 

Next Generation 9-1-1 - The Opportunities Leveraging convergence Provide better wireless Enhanced 9-1-1 Allow simultaneous communications to multiple destinations Integration of data from multiple sources Voice Data Video Improved functionality Automatic Crash Notification Reverse 9-1-1 Improved text and video Improved transfer to other PSAPs

Background: 

Background 9-1-1 system capabilities have critical implications for public safety in general, and transportation safety, mobility, and security in particular. The “convergence” trend in telecommunications and information technology provides an opportunity to make integrated voice, data, and graphical communications for public safety practical.

DOT Vision for 9-1-1: 

DOT Vision for 9-1-1 Establish the foundation for public emergency services in a wireless mobile society Pave the way for fundamental changes (who, what, where, how) in moving emergency information Enable E9-1-1 “calls” from most types of communication- or networked- devices

NG9-1-1 Program Plan: 

Engage stakeholders. Leverage Wireless E9-1-1 Initiative activities and relationships. Involve other stakeholders through RFI, technology forums and other outreach efforts. Establish the vision. Partner with public safety agencies and telecommunications industry to achieve consensus operational practices and user requirements for an Internet / multimedia-capable 9‑1‑1 system Define the future. With 9-1-1 community partners, define the system architecture and develop a transition plan that considers responsibilities, costs, schedule, and benefits for deploying the NG9-1-1 System across the Nation. NG9-1-1 Program Plan

Define the Future: 

Define the Future Define Next Generation 9-1-1 System Create government/industry partnership to define and document the system framework and a transition plan. Coordinate Standards Provide the bridge between this initiative and on-going IP-telephony standards development and related activities Evaluate NG9‑1‑1 Framework and Transition Plans Assess potential system performance, costs and benefits, and risks

Milestones: 

Milestones National architecture and high-level design for NG9-1-1 System Transition plan for NG9-1-1 implementation

Additional Information - ESC: 

Additional Information - ESC NHTSA’s ESC Docket http://dms.dot.gov/search/searchFormSimple.cfm Docket Number 19951 VRTC ESC Website http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/vrtc/ca/esc.htm http://www.safercar.gov ESC installation information An excellent overall vehicle safety resource Email Garrick.Forkenbrock@dot.gov