Bluetooth in Wireless Communication: Bluetooth in Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ


Index: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Index Introduction History Requirements Architecture Network Topology Baseband State Machine Link Management Host Controller Interface Software Protocols Logical Link Control & Adapter Protocol


Introduction: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Introduction Open Standard for short range wireless connectivity Originally intended to replace the cable(s) connecting portable and/or fixed electronic devices It is a radio frequency technology utilizing the unlicensed 2.5 Ghz industrial, scientific and medical band Applications of Bluetooth are home networking and home appliances of future e.g. smart appliances, heating systems and entertainment devices


History: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ History The technology was born in 1994. The first version was released July 1999. The Bluetooth name comes from the Danish Viking Harald Blåtand. 1998 Intel, Ericsson, IBM, Nokia, and Toshiba formed the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. December 1999 Add 3Com, Microsoft, Lucent and Motorola. To date, 800 companies world wide are members of the Bluetooth SIG


Why Bluetooth?: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Why Bluetooth? Cable replacement between devices. Supported by major companies. Open Specification Capable of handling both voice and data simultaneously Low power consumption & slow transmission rate Connection can be initiated without user interaction. Devices can be connected to multiple devices at the same time.


Architecture: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Architecture Bluetooth link control hardware One chip or Radio module & BaseBand module (that implements the RF, baseband and link manager) Handles radio transmission and reception Accomodates digital signal processing for the basedband protocol. Functions include establishing connection, support for asynchronous/synchronous links, error correction and authentication.


Slide7: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Network Topologies Bluetooth devices are organized into groups, called piconets, that consist of one master and up to seven active slave devices A device can belong to more than one piconets either as a slave, or as a master Multiple piconets with overlapping coverage areas form a scatternet


Slide8: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Network Topologies M M S S S S S S M S Master Slave


Slide9: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Baseband State Machine Piconets can be static or formed dynamically as devices movies in and out of range of one another A devices leaves standby by Initiating receiving an inquiry a page command


Slide10: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Baseband State Machine STANDBY CONNECTION Page Page Scan Inquiry Scan Inquiry Master Response Slave Response Inquiry Response


Slide11: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Baseband State Machine Low-power States Sniff: A master can communicate with devices in sniff mode only during specific sniff-designated time slots Hold: A slave does not receive any asynchronous packets and listens only to determine if it should become active again Park: A device in park mode stops listening and also gives up its active member address


Slide12: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Baseband Links Responsible for channel coding/decoding, timing and managing a Bluetooth link. Master/slave Devices in a connection are either master or slave. Communication is only possible between a master and its slaves. A master and the slaves are named piconets. Scatternet; multiple piconets connected together.


Slide13: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Link Manager Link Manager is responsible for controlling the baseband state machine Handles Link setup Manage security (authetication and security services) Control (paging, changing slave modes and handling required changes in master/slave roles) Also supervises link and control handling of multislot packet


Slide14: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Host Controller Interface Some link controller may include as HCI Layer above the link Manager. Used to isolate the Bluetooth baseband and link manager from a transport protocol e.g. USB Thus allowing standard interface to Bluetooth hardware. Applications can use bluetooth hardware without any low level hardware knowledge


Slide15: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Software Protocols Many Bluetooth protocols are implemented in software. L2CAP: Provides the interface to the link controller and allows for interoperability between Bluetooth devices SDP: provides service discovery specific to Bluetooth environment with out inhibiting the use of other service discovery protocols RFCOMM: simple transport protocol providing serial data transfer. TCS: Provided for voice and data call control, providing group management, connectionless TCS etc


Slide16: Bluetooth is Wireless Communication Fahad Aziz – EE 586 – Wireless Networking & Protocols - Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Software Protocols OBEX: It is only connection oriented protocol and offers three profiles. Can be used for synchronization of phone books, calendars, messaging etc WAP: Specification outlines the interoperability requirements for implementing this capability.