logging in or signing up Neonatal Sepsis3 Riccardino Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 6570 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (8) Dislike it (0) Added: January 15, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 6 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: paolaviruez (2 month(s) ago) hola! increible presentacion, necesito obtenerla para traducirla al espa�ol enviamela a mi email por favor more_19@hotmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ahmed8333 (7 month(s) ago) good Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: MSIU (8 month(s) ago) hola me gusto mucho la presentacion y me gustaria obtenerla me la pueden enviar mi correo es m2jironsiu@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: osonwa (19 month(s) ago) very detailed presentation a must read for every medical student. will like to download. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: 099058427 (23 month(s) ago) It is useful for teaching medicalstudents Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript NEONATAL SEPSIS: NEONATAL SEPSIS Dr. L. Manglem Singh Paediatrician, J. N. Hospital, Porompat Imphal, Manipur. Slide2: Neonatal Sepsis Clinical syndrome of bacteraemia characterized by systemic signs and symptoms of infection in the first four weeks of life Slide3: Early vs Late onset sepsis Early onset Late onset Age <72 hours >72 hours Risk factor Prematurity Prematurity Amnionitis, Maternal infection Source Maternal genital Environmental tract (nosocomial) Presentation Fulminant slowly progressive Multisystem focal Pneumonia frequent Meningitis frequent Mortality 5-50% 10-15% Slide4: Natural course of sepsis Bacteria Focal infection Bacteraemia sepsis Sepsis syndrome Early septic shock Refractory septic shock MODS DEATHSlide5: Incidence In India - 3.9 % of all imtramural births - 20 – 30 % develop meningitis In developed countries - 1 in 1000 live births - Term - 4 in 1000 live births - Preterm - 300 in 1000 VLBW babies Etiology : Etiology Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus Klebshiella pneumonaeSlide7: Risk Factors associated with Neonatal Sepsis Maternal Risk Factors 1. Intrapartum Maternal Infection - Purulent / foul smelling liquor - Fever (>380C) - Leucytosis (WBC >18000 / mm3) 2. Premature rupture of membranes 3. Prolonged rupture of membranes > 12 hours 4. Premature onset of labour (<37 weeks 5. Maternal UTI Slide8: Neonatal Risk factors 1. Low Birth Weight Baby 2. Perinatal asphyxia 3. Male genderSlide9: Symptoms of Neonatal Sepsis CNS Lethargy, Refusal to suckle, Limp, Not arousable, poor or high pitch cry, Irritable, Seizures CVS Pallor, Cyanosis, Cold and clammy skin Respiratory Tachypnoea, Apnoea, Grunt, Retractions Slide10: Symptoms of Neonatal Sepsis GIT Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Abdominal distension Haematological Bleeding, Jaundice Skin Rashes, Purpura, Pustules Slide11: Laboratory Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis 1. Direct methods - Blood culture - CSF culture - Urine culture 2. Indirect methods - Total leucocyte count - Absolute neutrophil count - Total immature neutrophils - Immature to total neutrophols - Neutrophil Morphology - Platelet count - Micro ESR - Acute phase reactants - Buffy coat examination - Smear of gastric aspirate / External ear canal fluid - C3d Slide12: SEPSIS SCREEN At Birth Major risk factors 1. Rupture of membranes > 24 hours 2. Maternal intrapartum fever > 100.40 F 3. Chorioamninitis Minor risk factors 1. Rupture of membrane > 12 hours 2. Maternal intrapartum fever > 99.50 F 3. Maternal WBC > 15000 / mm3 4. Low apgar score(< 5 at 1 min, < 7 at 5 min) 5. LBW ( < 1500 g ) 6. Preterm labour ( < 37 weeks) Slide13: SEPSIS SCREEN 1. Leucopenia (TLC < 5000 / mm3) 2. Neutropenia (ANC <1800 / mm3) 3. Immature neutrophil to total neutrophil ( I / T) ratio ( > 0.2) 4. Micro – ESR ( > 15 mm / 1st hour ) 5. CRP - positive Slide14: Approach to Neonatal Sepsis Antenatal Postnatal Mothers with risk factors Symptomatic Asymptomatic infants infant with risk factors Term PretermSlide15: Evaluation of symptomatic infant for sepsis - Sepsis screen - Chest X-ray - Lumbar puncture - Blood culture Begin Antibiotics Culture positive No risk factors for sepsis Presence of focal infection Culture negative Sepsis screen positive Sepsis screen negative LP abnormal Symptoms resolve by 24 hrs Symptoms persists 72 hrs Treat pneumonia 7-10 days Treat for 48-72 hrs Septicaemia 10-14 days and discharge Meningitis 14-21 days Slide16: Evaluation of asymptomatic infant for sepsis Sepsis screen Sepsis screen Sepsis screen Blood culture, LP negative positive Begin Antibiotics Observe for 48-72 hrs Culture positive Culture negative and discharge LP abnormal LP normal Treat septicaemia 10-14 days Treat for 48-72 hr Meningitis for 14-21 days and discharge Slide17: Supportive Care - Keep the neonate warm - Start IV Fluid, Infuse 10% Dextrose 2ml / Kg stat to maintain normoglycaemia - Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and tissue perfusion If CRT > 3 sec infuse 10 ml / Kg normal saline Slide18: Supportive Care - Avoid enteral feed, if sick - Start oxygen by hood, if cyanosed and support breathing - Consider exchange blood transfusion, if there is sclerema, DIC, Neutropenia Slide19: Choice of Antibiotics Pneumonia or Sepsis Penicillin + Aminoglycoside (Ampicillin or Cloxacillin) (Gentamicin or Amikacin) Meningitis Ampicillin + Gentamicin or Cefotaxime + Gentamicin or Amikacin Slide20: Superficial Infections - Pustules - After puncturing, clean with betadine and apply antimicrobial - Conjunctivitis- Chloramphenicol eye drops - Oral thrush - Local application of Nystatin or Clotrimazole Slide21: Prevention of Infection - Exclusive breastfeeding - Keep cord dry - Hand washing by care givers - Hygiene of Baby - No unnecessary intervention - Better management of IV Lines - Disinfection of Equipments Slide22: Hand Washing - Single most important means of preventing nosocomial infections - Very Simple - Cheap Slide23: Hand Washing - Two minutes, hand washing to be done before entering baby care area - 10 seconds hand washing to be done before and after touching every baby, and after touching unsterile surfaces and fomites Slide24: Steps of effective hand washing - Roll sleeves above elbow - Remove wrist watch, bangles, ring etc - Using plain water and soap, wash parts of the hand in the following sequence - Palm and fingers (web spaces) - Back of hands - Fingers and Knuckles - Thumbs - Finger tips - Wrists and forearm up to elbow Slide25: Steps of Effective Hand Washing - Keep elbow always dependent - Close the tap using elbow - Dry hands using single use sterile paper / napkin - Do not keep long or polished nails Rinsing hands with alcohol is NOT A SUBSTITUTE for PROPER HAND WASHING Slide26: Medication preparation ( Prepare IV fluid under aseptic conditions ) - Never use stock solution for flushing - Do not use a single bottle for > 24 hrs - Label bottle with date / time - After seal is removed, use betadine soaked sterile cotton to cover the stopper of bottle - Use disposable needle each timeSlide27: Better management of IV Lines - Thorough hand washing - Wear gloves - Use disposable IV cannula - Thorough skin preparation - All IV ports should be wiped with alcohol - Early identification of extravasation - Avoid unnecessary IV infusion Slide28: Conclusion - High index of clinical suspicion - Look for Lab evidence of sepsis - Start parenteral antibiotics (intravenous) - Provide supportive care - Review culture reports - Practise barrier nursing to prevent Cross–infection Slide29: Thank you You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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Neonatal Sepsis3 Riccardino Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 6570 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (8) Dislike it (0) Added: January 15, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 6 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: paolaviruez (2 month(s) ago) hola! increible presentacion, necesito obtenerla para traducirla al espa�ol enviamela a mi email por favor more_19@hotmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ahmed8333 (7 month(s) ago) good Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: MSIU (8 month(s) ago) hola me gusto mucho la presentacion y me gustaria obtenerla me la pueden enviar mi correo es m2jironsiu@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: osonwa (19 month(s) ago) very detailed presentation a must read for every medical student. will like to download. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: 099058427 (23 month(s) ago) It is useful for teaching medicalstudents Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript NEONATAL SEPSIS: NEONATAL SEPSIS Dr. L. Manglem Singh Paediatrician, J. N. Hospital, Porompat Imphal, Manipur. Slide2: Neonatal Sepsis Clinical syndrome of bacteraemia characterized by systemic signs and symptoms of infection in the first four weeks of life Slide3: Early vs Late onset sepsis Early onset Late onset Age <72 hours >72 hours Risk factor Prematurity Prematurity Amnionitis, Maternal infection Source Maternal genital Environmental tract (nosocomial) Presentation Fulminant slowly progressive Multisystem focal Pneumonia frequent Meningitis frequent Mortality 5-50% 10-15% Slide4: Natural course of sepsis Bacteria Focal infection Bacteraemia sepsis Sepsis syndrome Early septic shock Refractory septic shock MODS DEATHSlide5: Incidence In India - 3.9 % of all imtramural births - 20 – 30 % develop meningitis In developed countries - 1 in 1000 live births - Term - 4 in 1000 live births - Preterm - 300 in 1000 VLBW babies Etiology : Etiology Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus Klebshiella pneumonaeSlide7: Risk Factors associated with Neonatal Sepsis Maternal Risk Factors 1. Intrapartum Maternal Infection - Purulent / foul smelling liquor - Fever (>380C) - Leucytosis (WBC >18000 / mm3) 2. Premature rupture of membranes 3. Prolonged rupture of membranes > 12 hours 4. Premature onset of labour (<37 weeks 5. Maternal UTI Slide8: Neonatal Risk factors 1. Low Birth Weight Baby 2. Perinatal asphyxia 3. Male genderSlide9: Symptoms of Neonatal Sepsis CNS Lethargy, Refusal to suckle, Limp, Not arousable, poor or high pitch cry, Irritable, Seizures CVS Pallor, Cyanosis, Cold and clammy skin Respiratory Tachypnoea, Apnoea, Grunt, Retractions Slide10: Symptoms of Neonatal Sepsis GIT Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Abdominal distension Haematological Bleeding, Jaundice Skin Rashes, Purpura, Pustules Slide11: Laboratory Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis 1. Direct methods - Blood culture - CSF culture - Urine culture 2. Indirect methods - Total leucocyte count - Absolute neutrophil count - Total immature neutrophils - Immature to total neutrophols - Neutrophil Morphology - Platelet count - Micro ESR - Acute phase reactants - Buffy coat examination - Smear of gastric aspirate / External ear canal fluid - C3d Slide12: SEPSIS SCREEN At Birth Major risk factors 1. Rupture of membranes > 24 hours 2. Maternal intrapartum fever > 100.40 F 3. Chorioamninitis Minor risk factors 1. Rupture of membrane > 12 hours 2. Maternal intrapartum fever > 99.50 F 3. Maternal WBC > 15000 / mm3 4. Low apgar score(< 5 at 1 min, < 7 at 5 min) 5. LBW ( < 1500 g ) 6. Preterm labour ( < 37 weeks) Slide13: SEPSIS SCREEN 1. Leucopenia (TLC < 5000 / mm3) 2. Neutropenia (ANC <1800 / mm3) 3. Immature neutrophil to total neutrophil ( I / T) ratio ( > 0.2) 4. Micro – ESR ( > 15 mm / 1st hour ) 5. CRP - positive Slide14: Approach to Neonatal Sepsis Antenatal Postnatal Mothers with risk factors Symptomatic Asymptomatic infants infant with risk factors Term PretermSlide15: Evaluation of symptomatic infant for sepsis - Sepsis screen - Chest X-ray - Lumbar puncture - Blood culture Begin Antibiotics Culture positive No risk factors for sepsis Presence of focal infection Culture negative Sepsis screen positive Sepsis screen negative LP abnormal Symptoms resolve by 24 hrs Symptoms persists 72 hrs Treat pneumonia 7-10 days Treat for 48-72 hrs Septicaemia 10-14 days and discharge Meningitis 14-21 days Slide16: Evaluation of asymptomatic infant for sepsis Sepsis screen Sepsis screen Sepsis screen Blood culture, LP negative positive Begin Antibiotics Observe for 48-72 hrs Culture positive Culture negative and discharge LP abnormal LP normal Treat septicaemia 10-14 days Treat for 48-72 hr Meningitis for 14-21 days and discharge Slide17: Supportive Care - Keep the neonate warm - Start IV Fluid, Infuse 10% Dextrose 2ml / Kg stat to maintain normoglycaemia - Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and tissue perfusion If CRT > 3 sec infuse 10 ml / Kg normal saline Slide18: Supportive Care - Avoid enteral feed, if sick - Start oxygen by hood, if cyanosed and support breathing - Consider exchange blood transfusion, if there is sclerema, DIC, Neutropenia Slide19: Choice of Antibiotics Pneumonia or Sepsis Penicillin + Aminoglycoside (Ampicillin or Cloxacillin) (Gentamicin or Amikacin) Meningitis Ampicillin + Gentamicin or Cefotaxime + Gentamicin or Amikacin Slide20: Superficial Infections - Pustules - After puncturing, clean with betadine and apply antimicrobial - Conjunctivitis- Chloramphenicol eye drops - Oral thrush - Local application of Nystatin or Clotrimazole Slide21: Prevention of Infection - Exclusive breastfeeding - Keep cord dry - Hand washing by care givers - Hygiene of Baby - No unnecessary intervention - Better management of IV Lines - Disinfection of Equipments Slide22: Hand Washing - Single most important means of preventing nosocomial infections - Very Simple - Cheap Slide23: Hand Washing - Two minutes, hand washing to be done before entering baby care area - 10 seconds hand washing to be done before and after touching every baby, and after touching unsterile surfaces and fomites Slide24: Steps of effective hand washing - Roll sleeves above elbow - Remove wrist watch, bangles, ring etc - Using plain water and soap, wash parts of the hand in the following sequence - Palm and fingers (web spaces) - Back of hands - Fingers and Knuckles - Thumbs - Finger tips - Wrists and forearm up to elbow Slide25: Steps of Effective Hand Washing - Keep elbow always dependent - Close the tap using elbow - Dry hands using single use sterile paper / napkin - Do not keep long or polished nails Rinsing hands with alcohol is NOT A SUBSTITUTE for PROPER HAND WASHING Slide26: Medication preparation ( Prepare IV fluid under aseptic conditions ) - Never use stock solution for flushing - Do not use a single bottle for > 24 hrs - Label bottle with date / time - After seal is removed, use betadine soaked sterile cotton to cover the stopper of bottle - Use disposable needle each timeSlide27: Better management of IV Lines - Thorough hand washing - Wear gloves - Use disposable IV cannula - Thorough skin preparation - All IV ports should be wiped with alcohol - Early identification of extravasation - Avoid unnecessary IV infusion Slide28: Conclusion - High index of clinical suspicion - Look for Lab evidence of sepsis - Start parenteral antibiotics (intravenous) - Provide supportive care - Review culture reports - Practise barrier nursing to prevent Cross–infection Slide29: Thank you