204 09evointro

Slide1: 

Talks: John Bower: Recent changes in NW Washington Marine Bird Populations. this afternoon in SL 140. Brooke Baldauf (your TA!) NEXT Friday (May 9) Lab Practical: multiple choice, true/false, some fill-in-the-blank

Slide2: 

Blue-grass band: Ploidy Album: A one-n , a two-n, a three

Slide3: 

Hard core speed metal band: Ascomycota Album: A kick to the Asci

Slide4: 

Band: The Lichens Album: Everyone benefits

Slide5: 

Sports team: The Killer Amoebas Slogan: Engulf the competition.

Slide6: 

Superhero: Stentor First comic book: Stentor Strikes Back (genetic mutation has made him huge)

Slide7: 

Pro westler: Stentor Costume: green with spiky hair

Slide8: 

Curling team: The Stentors First match: clash of the ciliates

Slide9: 

Hard Rock Group: Anthrax no wait…that’s taken...

Darwin and his Origin of Species: 

Darwin and his Origin of Species Darwin and his times Darwin’s ideas Evidence Darwin used

Slide12: 

Fig 22.1

James Hutton: 

James Hutton Scottish geologist, 1795 Geological gradualism Present earth formed in past by the same processes that act currently Long periods of time

Thomas Malthus: 

Thomas Malthus English political economist, 1798 Essay on human condition as related to overreproduction and limited resources

Jean Baptiste Lamarck: 

Jean Baptiste Lamarck French invertebrate natural historian, 1809 Evolution of life forms Use / disuse Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Georges Cuvier: 

Georges Cuvier French anatomist, 1813 “Essay on the Theory of the Earth” Catastrophism Fig 22.3

Charles Lyell: 

Charles Lyell Scottish geologist, 1830 “Principles of Geology” text Incorporated Hutton’s gradualism into this widely read book Darwin had a copy with him on the Beagle

Slide18: 

12 shirts 1 carpet bag 1 pair slippers 1 pair of light walking shoes 1 microscope (a single lens model by Bancks & Son, London) 1 geological compass 1 plain compass 2 pistols (with spare parts) 1 rifle (with spare parts) 1 telescope 1 pencil case 1 geological hammer 5 simisometers 3 mountain barometers 1 clinometer 1 camera obscura 1 hygrometer (belonged to FitzRoy) 1 taxidermy book 2-3 Spanish language books 14 other books, including Humboldt's "Personal Narrative" and Lyell’s "Principles of Geology Vol. 1" 1 coin purse (Fanny Owen's gift) 1 pin with a lock of Sarah Owen's hair (Fanny's sister) Voyage of the Beagle

Slide19: 

© AboutDarwin.com (good link) Voyage of the Beagle

Slide20: 

Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836 Fig 22.5

Alfred Wallace: 

Alfred Wallace British naturalist, 1858 Letter from West Indies with article to review and send to Lyell Developed a theory of evolution identical to the one Darwin was working on

Publishes: 

Publishes “Origin of Species” presented later in 1858 (32 years after then end of his voyage) and published 1st in 1859 Both men jointly presented their ideas to the London Philospophical Society

The Origin of Species: 

The Origin of Species Evolution is the explanation for life’s unity and diversity Natural selection is the mechanism 3 inferences based on 5 basic observations Too many individuals for limited resources Those with better traits survive and reproduce Their traits dominate in population and cause it to evolve

Too many individuals for limited resources: 

Too many individuals for limited resources In populations, more individuals are born than can be supported by the environment Only a fraction will survive to the next generation (there is a struggle for existence)

Observation 1: 

Observation 1 Species have great powers of potential reproduction Populations would increase exponentially if all individuals survived and reproduced Fig 22.8

Observation 2: 

Observation 2 But populations tend to remain stable over time, except for seasonal fluctuations Fig 52.17 Moose population on island in Lake Superior

Observation 3: 

Observation 3 Environmental resources are limited Discussion in Malthus, “Essay on the Principle of Population” helped clarify this ~ Fig 52.19 Lucky Lynx and its 1 hare

Those with better traits survive and reproduce: 

Those with better traits survive and reproduce Struggle for existence is not random Depends on an organism’s characters that are, at least in part, hereditary More fit individuals will leave more offspring than less fit individuals

Observation 4: 

Observation 4 Individuals in a population vary extensively Fig 22.9

Observation 5: 

Observation 5 Much of this variation is heritable However, Darwin did not know the mechanism Fig 1.3b

Their traits dominate in a population and cause it to evolve: 

Their traits dominate in a population and cause it to evolve Unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce leads to gradual change in a population More favorable characters accumulate - microevolution!

Slide32: 

Peter and Rosemary Grant have been working on Galapagos finches since 1973 on Isla Daphne Major. Geospiza fortis is a seed-eater that cracks seeds by grasping at the base of the bill and applying force. Beak size is correlated with consumed seed size.

Slide34: 

Are characteristics variable in a population? YES.

Slide35: 

Is some of the variation among individuals heritable? YES.

Slide36: 

Is there an excess of offspring such that only some individuals survive to reproduce? YES.

Slide37: 

Is survival and reproduction nonrandom? YES.

Other Evidence for Evolution: 

Other Evidence for Evolution Organisms are adapted to their environments Fig 22.10a A floral mantid on a flower. Please look at the entire figure in the text

Other evidence: 

Other evidence Artificial selection Fig 22.11b Vegetables selected by humans from wild “kole”

Other evidence: 

Other evidence Examples of natural selection Fig 22.12 Evolution of resistance to insecticides in insect populations

Other evidence: 

Other evidence Homologous structures Fig 22.14 Forearm bones in mammals

Other evidence: 

Other evidence Molecular “record” – molecular homologies Fig 17.16 Ribosomal structure (large subunit of bacterial ribosome)

Other evidence: 

Other evidence Biogeography Fig 34.32 Adaptive radiation of Australian marsupials compared to similarities among other mammals

Other evidence: 

Other evidence Fossil record Fossil Trilobites Fig 22.7 Elephant evolution based on fossils

Slide45: 

Transitional fossils

Slide46: 

Microevolution - generational changes in the characteristics of a population Macroevolution - origin of new species and other taxonomic groups due to accumulation of change over long periods of time.