Rutherford Soddy Sigma Xi 2004

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Image of a hand Early Image made by uranium rays

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Professor Emeritus M.A. Whitehead Director, Canadian and International Constituency Group Chair of Awards Committee

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Releasing the Power of the Atom Early Canadian Connections

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MacDonald Chemistry Building, McGill 1895 Soddy at McGill 1902-1904 Toronto? World tour 1903

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MacDonald Physics Building, McGill 1903 28th. March, 1901 “The existence of Particles smaller than Atoms”: Soddy then Rutherford: ROW!! Continued next week!

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1) Disintegration theory 1902 2) Radioactivity of thorium 1902 Soddy & Rutherford Research “Soddy don’t call it transmutation!”

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3) The cause and nature of radioactivity, 1902 4) The gaseous emanation from thorium found to be like argon 5) Condensation, 1902: thorium emanation condensed at –150oC, i.e. a real gas Soddy & Rutherford apparatus 1902, to condense emanations

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6) Radioactivity of uranium, 1903 7) The half-life of radon, 1903 8) Radioactive change, 1903 (a) radium, thorium and uranium radioactivity gave new matter (b) radioactive decay function of several types of matter change (c) radioactivity was an atomic phenomenon

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Rutherford Letter describing Nobel Prize Award to E.S.Eve 1908

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Radium decay cabinet: Rutherford Museum, McGill

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You learned to count as far as three; And saw that Heat was got from Fire. Moved into Theory, went higher, You did not know it, but you were The first Research Professor, sir, Contained, within your hairy Body, A noble Rutherford or Soddy. Nay, -- what is more, -- your Lot was rude But showed the College attitude, You made it an unswerving Rule To disregard the Common Fool, You overlooked the silly chaff Of Laughing Jackass, gay Giraffe, You heeded not the caustic Smile Of Dinosaur or Crocodile, Passed undisturbed the Ridicule Of comic Crow or haw-haw Mule, -- In short, in Culture's earliest Span You acted like an Oxford Man Stephen Leacock

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Lectureship in Physical and Radio Chemistry at Glasgow University.1904-1914. 1) Book delayed because of Rutherford’s 2) Advised the Cassel Cyanide Company of Glasgow: 50 kilograms of uranyl nitrate allowed proof that radium grew from uranium. 3) With Alexander Fleck, discovered (a) many short-lived radioactive elements (b) chemically inseparable (c) spectroscopically identical (d) disintegrated differently. Dr Margaret Todd suggested ‘isotope’. Soddy immediately adopted the term.1913

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ISOTOPES 1913

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SPLITTING THE ATOM 1932: Rutherford To penetrate the nucleus, Cockcroft and Walton built a voltage multiplier: they build a potential of 800 kilovolts. The potential accelerated protons down an evacuated tube eight feet long. In 1932 they put a lithium target at the end of the tube and found that protons disintegrated a lithium nucleus into two alpha particles.                                     John Cockcroft, Ernest Rutherford, and E.T.S. Walton.

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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921 1903

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Neutrino W. Pauli (1930) E. Fermi (1933) From non conservation of energy and momentum in beta decay By analogy with quantum theory, predicted neutrino’s weak interaction with matter e  1899; Rutherford discovered uranium compounds to produce three kinds of radiation; according to their penetrations named a, b, and g. beta decay

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OUR PUMPKIN MASCOT