New Directions for Advanced Life Support : New Directions for Advanced Life Support Daniel J. Barta, Ph.D.
Deputy Manager
Exploration Life Support Project
February 6, 2006
New Directions for ALS R&TD : New Directions for ALS R&TD “…preparation for great new opportunities often requires transformational change within an organization…”
NASA HQ, April 4, 2005
Slide3 : Programmatic Sponsors of Life Support R&TD Exploration Systems Mission Directorate Exploration Life Support Project AEMC Robotic Lunar Exploration Human Research Exploration Technology Development Program Constellation Systems Advanced Capabilities Exploration Systems Mission Directorate Post “Transformation” Prior to VSE Present Day ≈ 22 Projects Advanced Thermal Control Office of Biological and Physical Research
Advanced Life Support – A Historical Perspective : Advanced Life Support – A Historical Perspective Formerly a Program Office
An element of the Advanced Human Support Technology and Life Support and Habitation Programs
Technical Elements
Air Revitalization, Water Recovery, Thermal Control, Solid Waste Management, Advanced Food Technology, Crop Systems
Cross Cutting Elements
Systems Integration Modeling and Analysis
Flight Experiments and Integrated Testing
Education and Outreach
Former Portfolio Breadth
Basic & Applied Research, Mid-range Technology Development, Sub-system and System Integration and Validation (TRL 1-6)
Physicochemical and Biological; open-loop and regenerative systems including closed-loop
Technologies for Short and Long duration, Near and Far Term Missions
Requirements derived from Design Reference Missions
Slide5 : Advanced Life Support – A Historical Perspective
Technology Priorities by Mission Systems
Engineering Air Revitalization Water Recovery Thermal Systems Solid Waste Management Advanced Food Technology Biomass & Crop Systems Flight Risk Mitigation Complete Lunar Outpost Lunar Sortie Crew Exploration Vehicle PDR Crewed Flight PDR Human Landing Mars Surface Mars Vicinity Risk Mitigation Complete Flight Flight Open Loop Regenerative
Advanced Adsorbants Galley Concept
for CEV Structural Radiator
Advanced HX
Fluid Selection Stabilization
Odor Control
Volume Reduction Residual Disinfection
Urine Stabilization Closed Loop Regenerative
Pressure Systems
Particulate Management Production of Vegetables and Fruits to Augment Stored Food System Regenerative Processors
Closed Loop Water
P/C & BIO Advanced Packaging
Fresh Food Integration Systems for Extremes of
Lunar Day and Night Volume Reduction
Water Recovery
Mineralization
Containment & Disposal ISRU & Crop Integration
Pressure Systems
Particulate Management Begin to Close Food Loop Food Preparation & Processing
3-5 yr Shelf Life Volume Reduction
Resource Recovery
Mineralization
Containment & Disposal Thermal Systems for
Mars Environment Integration with ISRU,
Food & Crop Systems Integrated Testing Database, Tools, Trades & Models Risk Mitigation Complete
ALS History – Plotting a Course Without a Destination : ALS History – Plotting a Course Without a Destination
ALS History – Technical Interchange : ALS History – Technical Interchange Workshop Sponsorship & Participation
Life Support & Habitation Planetary Protection Workshop, Houston, TX, April 27-29, 2005
Biological Water Processor Workshop, Houston, TX, June 23-25, 2004
Workshop on Advanced System Integration and Control for Life Support (ASICLS), Monterey, CA, August, 26 – 28, 2003
Critical Issues in Microgravity Fluids, Transport, and Reaction Processes in Advanced Human Support Technology, Cleveland, OH, August 11–13, 2003
Advanced Food Technology Workshop, Houston, TX, April 3 – 5, 2002
Solid Waste Processing and Resource Recovery Workshop, Houston, TX, April 4 - 6, 2000
Principal Investigators Meetings
Bioastronautics Investigators Workshop
Habitation; Life Support and Biospherics
International Conference on Environmental Systems
Hosting Telecons
Technical Interchange Meetings
Monthly ALS Element Meetings
A Historical Perspective From Physicochemical to Biological : A Historical Perspective From Physicochemical to Biological
A Historical Perspective – Integrated Testing : A Historical Perspective – Integrated Testing Lunar - Mars Life Support Test Project (LMLSTP) Phase I: 15-days, 1-Person – Biological Air Revitalization
Phase II: 30-days, 4-Persons – Closed Loop Physicochemical (P/C) Air & Water
Phase IIA 60-days, 4-Person – International Space Station ECLSS
Phase III: 91-days, 4-Person – Integrated P/C Bioregenerative
Computing ALS Accomplishments – The ALS Metric : Ratio of equivalent system mass (ESM) using current technology (ISS/Shuttle) to ESM for identical missions substituting advanced technologies. Computing ALS Accomplishments – The ALS Metric Metric =
ESMCurrent
ESMAdvanced Successful R&TD when Metric > 1
Recording ALS Accomplishments – The NASA Task Book : Recording ALS Accomplishments – The NASA Task Book Metrics from the NASA Task Book, 1995-2005
Over 1,600 citations have been reported by our principal investigators, resulting from research and technology development funded by Advanced Life Support, over the period 1995-2005:
318 Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles
335 Conference Proceedings or Technical Papers
46 Books or Book Chapters
48 Dissertations/Theses
10 Patents
35 NASA Technical Documents
800 Presentations or Abstracts for Journals and Proceedings
The Task Book is maintained by the NASA Research and Education Support Services (NRESS) to capture technical reports, status and metrics for NASA-funded research and technology development in Human Systems disciplines.
http://peer1.nasaprs.com/peer_review/index.cfm
Slide12 : Programmatic Sponsors of Life Support R&TD Exploration Systems Mission Directorate Exploration Life Support Project AEMC Robotic Lunar Exploration Human Research Exploration Technology Development Program Constellation Systems Advanced Capabilities Exploration Systems Mission Directorate Post “Transformation” Prior to VSE Present Day ≈ 22 Projects Advanced Thermal Control Office of Biological and Physical Research
Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) : Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) Complete assessment of the top-level Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) requirements and plans to enable the CEV to provide crew transport to the ISS and to accelerate the development of the CEV and crew launch system to reduce the gap between Shuttle retirement and CEV IOC.
Definition of top-level requirements and configurations for crew and cargo launch systems to support the lunar and Mars exploration programs.
Development of a reference lunar exploration architecture concept to support sustained human and robotic lunar exploration operations.
Identification of key technologies required to enable and significantly enhance these reference exploration systems and reprioritization of near-term and far-term technology investments. Three major tasks of the technology assessment were:
to identify what technologies are truly needed and when they need to be available to support the development projects;
to develop and implement a rigorous and objective technology prioritization/planning process;
to develop ESMD Research and Technology (R&T) investment recommendations about which existing projects should continue and which new projects should be established. The Exploration Systems Architecture Study had 4 primary objectives:
The Exploration Roadmap : The Exploration Roadmap 1st Human CEV Flight 7th Human Lunar Landing Lunar Outpost Buildup Mars Development
Exploration Systems Architecture Study - Technology Assessment : Exploration Systems Architecture Study - Technology Assessment Critical Functional Needs Relevant to Human Systems
Exploration Systems Architecture Study - Implementation : Exploration Systems Architecture Study - Implementation Emphasize Defer Prioritization of Technology Investments:
Exploration Systems Architecture Study - Implementation : Exploration Systems Architecture Study - Implementation Specific Critical Needs Were Assigned to Program Offices New Projects Were Initiated to Develop Key Technologies
New Projects Funded by the Exploration Technology Development Program : New Projects Funded by the Exploration Technology Development Program New projects were established based on “Critical Needs” identified by the Exploration Systems Architecture Study.
New Projects Funded by the Exploration Technology Development Program (cont’d) : New Projects Funded by the Exploration Technology Development Program (cont’d) New projects were established based on “Critical Needs” identified by the Exploration Systems Architecture Study
The Exploration Roadmap : The Exploration Roadmap 1st Human CEV Flight 7th Human Lunar Landing Lunar Outpost Buildup Mars Development LL PDR? CEV PDR LO PDR?
Architecture Highlights* – ECLS Considerations : Architecture Highlights* – ECLS Considerations Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV)
CEV consists of Command Module (CM), Service Module (SM) & Launch Abort System (LAS)
5.5 meter dia blunt body, Apollo-derivative capsule (50% larger diameter), Reusable (up to 10 missions)
Crew Members: 4 to Moon; 3-6 to ISS; up to 6 to Mars Transfer Vehicle
Internal cabin pressure
ISS Missions: 1 atm; Lunar: below 1 atm with elevated oxygen; During contingency EVAs: vacuum
Mission Duration & Functionality
ISS: 6 days active /180+ days quiescent; Lunar Sortie: 17 days active /7 days unattended; long duration Lunar Outpost: up to 180 days unattended.
Lunar Missions
2-Stage Lunar Surface Acquisition Module with Airlock
Internal cabin pressure below 1 atm with elevated oxygen
Frequent EVAs (daily)
Mission Duration
Sortie: 7 days on surface; Long Duration Outpost: up to 180 days
Lunar Outpost: Incremental Build Approach
ISRU demonstrations * Requirement subject to change
Air Revitalization – Target Technology Areas : Air Revitalization – Target Technology Areas CEV = Crew Exploration Vehicle; LS = Lunar Sortie; LO = Lunar Outpost
Other technologies may be supported by leveraging other funding (SBIR, Space Grant, etc.)
Water Recovery Systems – Target Technology Areas : Water Recovery Systems – Target Technology Areas CEV = Crew Exploration Vehicle; LS = Lunar Sortie; LO = Lunar Outpost
Other technologies may be supported by leveraging other funding (SBIR, Space Grant, etc.)
Waste Management – Target Technology Areas : Waste Management – Target Technology Areas CEV = Crew Exploration Vehicle; LS = Lunar Sortie; LO = Lunar Outpost
Other technologies may be supported by leveraging other funding (SBIR, Space Grant, etc.)
Habitation Engineering – Target Technology Areas : Habitation Engineering – Target Technology Areas Crew Accommodations Packaging & Preparations
Crew supplies, crew consumables, galley, and clothing management system.
For Lunar Outpost, clothing management also addresses washer and dryer technologies.
Crew Provisions, Accommodations & Housekeeping
Wardroom, sleep, hygiene stations and housekeeping.
This technology area is in the formulation stage and is not funded this fiscal year.
Initial activities will be limited to assessments of the current state of the art against exploration mission needs including vehicle performance, operational requirements and budget constraints.
Habitation Engineering has many interfaces with other ECLS subsystems and must work closely with Human Factors Engineering (a project within the Human Research Program).
Systems Analysis OPIS – Online Project Management System : Systems Analysis OPIS – Online Project Management System OPIS is being developed as a centralized mechanism for electronic capture and management of technology data
Assists in technology evaluation, selection and metric calculations
Improves communication within the technical community
Facilitates Evaluation of Progress
Beta Testing starting 3rd Qtr FY06
In use early FY07
Summary (Page 1) : Summary (Page 1) Advanced Life Support
A Program Element
An Element of the Life Support and Habitation Program Managed by NASA HQ
Technical Focus
Air Revitalization
Water Recovery
Solid Waste Management
Thermal Control
Advanced Food Technology
Crop Systems
Cross Cutting Elements
Systems Integration Modeling and Analysis
Flight Experiments
Integrated Testing
Education and Outreach Exploration Life Support
A Project
Managed by the Exploration Technology Program Office at NASA LaRC
Technical Focus
Air Revitalization
Water Recovery
Solid Waste Management
Habitation Engineering
Cross Cutting Elements
Systems Integration Modeling and Analysis
Flight Experiments
Integrated Testing
Summary (Page 2) : Summary (Page 2) Advanced Life Support
Portfolio Breadth
TRL 1-6
Basic & Applied Research
Mid-range Technology Development
Sub-system and System Integration and Validation
Physicochemical and Biological
Closure
Open and Closed Loop
Regenerative Systems
Missions
Short and Long Duration
Near and Far Term Missions
Requirements
Derived from Design Reference Missions Exploration Life Support
Portfolio Breadth
TRL 3-6
Mid-range Technology Development
Sub-system and System Integration and Validation
Physicochemical
Closure
Open-Loop
Regenerative Systems
Missions
Short Duration
Near Term Missions
Requirements
“Real” Requirements and Schedule from Constellation Program
Slide29 : Exploration Life Support – Technology Priorities by Mission Systems Engineering Air Revitalization Water Recovery Solid Waste Management Lunar Outpost Lunar Sortie Crew Exploration Vehicle Mars Habitation Engineering Open Loop Regenerative
Advanced Adsorbants Stabilization
Odor Control
Volume Reduction Residual Disinfection
Urine Stabilization Particulate Management
Pressure Systems
Closed Loop Regenerative Regenerative
Water Treatment Containment & Disposal
Safening - Mineralization
Water Removal & Recovery Crew Supplies, Consumables, Galley, Clothing
Wardroom, Sleep, Hygiene Stations, Housekeeping PDR PDR Human Landing PDR Subsystem & System Testing Systems Analysis
Acknowledgements : Acknowledgements NASA Research & Education Support Services
Janet V. Powers
Marshall Spaceflight Center
Jay Perry
Johnson Space Center
Karen Pickering, Frederick Smith, Molly Anderson, Michael Ewert, David Westheimer, Anthony Hanford, Kevin Lange
Ames Research Center
John Fisher, Julie Levri, John Hogan, Mark Kliss
Kennedy Space Center
Raymond Wheeler, John Sager
Exploration Life Support Project Office
Mike Lawson, Joe Chambliss, Chantel Whatley
NASA Headquarters
Jitendra Joshi
ALS NSCORT
Cary Mitchell, Dave Kotterman
Slide31 : Exploration Life Support Project Organization Exploration Life Support Office (JSC)
Manager - B. M. Lawson
Dpty. Manager Research - D. Barta Engineering Manager – J. Lee
Dpty. Manager Engineering - J. Chambliss Systems Engineer – S. Rulis
Schedule & Budget Analyst – P. Bashinski Administrative Assistant - C. Whatley ALS NASA Specialized
Center of Research & Training
(C. Mitchell/Purdue Univ. ) Center for Space Sciences
(J. Smith, Texas Tech Univ) Environmental Systems Commercial
Space Technology Center
(W. Sheehan, Univ. of Florida) External Research and Technology Development Centers ALS Technical Elements ALS Integration Systems
Integration,
Modeling &
Analysis
(SIMA)
Manager
M. Ewert
with T. Hanford Water Recovery
Element
K. Pickering, Lead
Research
Technology Development
Testing Air Revitalization
Element
J. Perry, Lead
Research
Technology Development
Testing Solid Waste
Management Element
J. Fisher, Lead
Research
Technology Development
Testing Supporting R&TD NASA Centers ARC R&TD
M. Kliss, Lead KSC R&TD
J. Sager, Lead Flight Experiments
and
Integrated Testing
Manager
S. Rulis External Principal Investigators NRA, BAA SBIR/STTR GSRP, NRC, SFF SG, EPSCoR, Other MSFC R&TD
R. Carrasquillo, Lead
International
ALS Working
Group
NASA, Japan,
Canada, ESA,
Russia 3/05 Habitation Engineering
(Vacant)
Research
Technology Development
Testing GRC R&TD
B. Singh, Lead Center for Food & Environmental
Systems for Human Exploration
of Space
(D. Mortley, Tuskegee Univ)