Pure Home Water Project for the Northern Region of Ghana: Pure Home Water Project for the Northern Region of Ghana Claire Mattelet Rachel Peletz Jenny VanCalcar December 9th, 2005


The Global Issue: The Global Issue Globally, 1.1 billion people lack access to an “improved” drinking water source 1.7 million deaths annually are from unsafe water, sanitation, & hygiene 90% of these deaths in children Virtually all in developing countries Millenium Development Goals: To halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water


Ghana: Ghana Population: 21 million Approximately the size of Oregon Northern Region One of the poorest areas Study area: 6 of 13 districts, 750,000 people


Pure Home Water (2005) - Ghana: Pure Home Water (2005) - Ghana Project: 2 social entrepreneurs selling household water treatment technologies Person-to-person social marketing and microfinance 4 Sloan MIT students focusing on business aspects


Household Drinking Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS): Household Drinking Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) Treats water at the point of use Made out of local materials Relatively cheap Hard to implement


Retail Prices of HWTS in Ghana : Retail Prices of HWTS in Ghana


Slide7: Candle Filter - Nnsupa Modified clay Pot Tamakloe Ceramica


Water Safety Plan Objectives As defined by the World Health Organization: Water Safety Plan Objectives As defined by the World Health Organization Water source protection Treatment processes to remove contamination Recontamination prevention during delivery and storage Ensure quality drinking water through:


Household Cross-Sectional Survey: Household Cross-Sectional Survey For the Northern Region of Ghana Rachel Peletz


Research Objective: Research Objective Obtain baseline data on household drinking water and sanitation practices Data for future MEng teams and Pure Water Home: Ghana Comparison of households with and without HWTS Methods Epidemiological cross-sectional survey Risk assessment


Household Questionnaire Compilation and Feedback: Household Questionnaire Compilation and Feedback Household Background Diarrheal Illness Prevalence and knowledge of causes and preventions Household Sanitation and Hygiene Hand-washing and toilet facility Water Use Practices Source collection Water storage Water quality perception HWTS Acceptability Observations


Survey Conduction Plan: Survey Conduction Plan Choosing households Location: 6 communities within 3 districts (transportation uncertain) Matching 30 households with and 30 without HWTS Households that ordered but not yet received HWTS Woman of household with children under 5 Smilie Diaries Self-recorded prevalence of diarrheal disease


Slide13: Smilie Diaries


Quantification of Results: Quantification of Results Risk Assessment Daily Exposure= Pathogen Concentration x Volume Consumed WAWI (West Africa Water Initiative) Indicators Access to safe water= People with access / Total population Access to sanitation = People with access / Total population HTWS acceptability Rate Of Adoption (ROA) = Fraction using HWTS 1 month after receivement


Project Status: Project Status Current Progress Survey development and revisions IRB (Institutional Review Board) Future Plan Refine surveys and conduction plan Collaboration with Jenny and Claire with GPS and water testing Ghana!


Slide16: Assessment and Comparison of Simple and Low-Cost Microbial Indicator Methods By Claire Mattelet for the Northern Region of Ghana


Motivations- Simple and Low-Cost Methods for Drinking Water Testing: Motivations- Simple and Low-Cost Methods for Drinking Water Testing Fatal diseases in Ghana mainly linked to poor water & sanitation: Malaria, Diarrhoea, Typhoid, Cholera, Gastroenteritis In Northern Ghana: Communities are widely dispersed => Limited ability to monitor HWTS => Need for simple methods Poverty in Northern Ghana: => Need for cheap methods


RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Assessment and Comparison of Simple and Low-Cost Microbial Indicator Methods on the Basis of 6 Screening Criteria: - Cost - Ease of use - Ease of interpretation - Labor requirements to complete test - Level of skill required - User acceptability


MATERIALS: MATERIALS Membrane Filtration – Millipore Zip Agua 3M – Petrifilm H2S – HACH H2S – Home made Most Probable Number (MPN) – Home made Microbial Indicators Simple and Low-Cost Methods


MEMBRANE FILTRATION: MEMBRANE FILTRATION ZIP AGUA Millipore Corporation Product Filtration Unit Cost: $ 1,000 Pump $300 MIT 2004 IDEAS Competition team product Baby bottle + syringe: US$ 13


Slide21: 3M-PETRIFILM: E. coli / coliform count plate (EC) Enumeration test Cost: $ 1/plate H2S - HACH Presence-Absence test Hach Company Product Cost: US$ 0.60/test


H2S – HOME MADE: H2S – HOME MADE MPN – HOME MADE Cost: Cheap => Rice Broth: - 25g Rice, 4g powdered milk Home Made Broth Media with locally available ingredients: Rice, Potato, Corn, Lactose Labor intensive Similar product to the Hach product but much cheaper = $0.05/test


In Ghana: In Ghana WEEK 1: Lab Analysis (Tamale) First assessment of the 6 defined criteria FOLLOWING WEEKS: Selection of one or two appropriate techniques Tranfer methods to « Pure Home Water » Ghana team Field water samples


Creating a Geographical Information System (GIS) Tool : Creating a Geographical Information System (GIS) Tool Jenny VanCalcar


What is GIS?: What is GIS? A way to view and analyze data from a geographic perspective Spatial features can be connected to tabular information Overlaying of layers shows interrelations


Research Objective: Research Objective Create a tool to: Store all relevant HWTS project information in a single database Perform spatial analysis to aid in developing future interventions and business strategies Design maps to represent the work accomplished and areas of future need


Current Data Sources: Current Data Sources Digital Gfk Macon – regional boundaries, major rivers, lakes and highways National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency – villages and water sources Paper Town & Country Planning Department – district boundaries Ghana Geological Survey – boreholes, villages, local roads Tabular Guinea Worm Eradication Program


Digital Data: Digital Data Choose WGS 84 as the coordinate system for data projection Easy basic map production but little statistical information


Paper Maps - Map Digitization: Paper Maps - Map Digitization


Tabular Data - Village Naming Issues: Tabular Data - Village Naming Issues Different data sources spell village names differently Cannot place tabular information within the database if there is no spatial reference


Data Production Using a Global Positioning System (GPS) Device: Data Production Using a Global Positioning System (GPS) Device


In-Country Research Plan: In-Country Research Plan Continue gathering relevant data CERSGIS Ghana Statistical Service Take GPS points Discuss desired outputs Pure Home Water - Ghana World Vision – Ghana Rural Water Project


Slide33: Schedule Fieldwork January 2, 2006 Team arrives in Accra, Ghana January 4-5, 2005 Travel to Northern region of Ghana January 23, 2005 Fieldwork complete January 28, 2005 Leave Accra, Ghana Post-fieldwork February- April Data Analysis/ Write-up April-May Submit Final Report


Slide34: Thanks for your attention TO GHANA WE WILL WRITE YOU A POSTCARD!


PETRIFILM: PETRIFILM