RWEI 2011 - PJM Wind Energy Transmission

Integration of Wind Generation and Electricity Supply: 

Integration of Wind Generation and Electricity Supply Christine Risch October 26, 2011

PJM Territory: 

PJM Territory

Wind Integration: 

Wind Integration How does wind impact the electricity delivery system? Real-time: wind impacts system voltage and frequency; other generators compensate Near-term (hour-to-hour ): wind output is not constant; other resources must change output to compensate Short-term (day-ahead ) – most units commit to being available the day before Long-term (years ) – system planning requires firm capacity to meet future demand

An Near-Term Example: Fri Oct 15, 2010 and Wed Oct 20, 2011: 

An Near-Term Example: Fri Oct 15, 2010 and Wed Oct 20, 2011 Time PJM Load (MW) Wind Output (MW) Wind as % of Load Friday October 15, 2010 2:23 am 56,709 3,110 5.5% 7:53 am 74,304 2,446 3.3% 12:20 pm 75,717 1,131 1.5% 4:40 pm 72,653 1,154 1.5% Thursday October 20, 2011 3:00 am 64,544 3,805 5.9% 7:00 am 82,390 3,393 4.1% 11:00 am 87,093 3,404 3.9% 3:00 pm 85,951 3,281 3.8% Getting bigger

Hour of Daily Peak Load & Wind Output in PJM, 2010 (# of Days at Hour - HE): 

Hour of Daily Peak Load & Wind Output in PJM, 2010 (# of Days at Hour - HE) Evening Load ramp; later in winter and on weekends Morning Load ramp; mostly winter Night time wind ramp; 188 days b/w HE 10pm and 2am

Max Hourly Load per Day & Wind as Max % in PJM, 2010: 

Max Hourly Load per Day & Wind as Max % in PJM, 2010

Wind Integration: 

Wind Integration What are some solutions to problems? Real-time: use electronic controls to make wind turbines like conventional generators; add more fast-acting reserves. Near-term (hour-to-hour ): add more flexible generation including demand response Short-term (day-ahead ): forecast wind output accurately to optimize unit commitment Long-term (years ): prove the capacity value of wind, demand response and flexible resources

Some NERC and FERC Comments: 

Some NERC and FERC Comments FERC regulates transmission. Recommends: Allowing utilities to charge wind facilities for regulation services; however, wind is not the only type of plant that causes a need for regulation Mandating wind facilities share met data with utilities Having RTOs find a way to allocation transmission costs NERC ensures reliability. Recommendations: Make system more flexible; ramping, min gen levels, curtailment, demand response, storage; consolidate BAs; more intra-hour scheduling; expand transmission/ remove constraints Improve wind forecasting; makes wind predictable Real-time communication essential

Why PJM? : 

Why PJM? RTOs play an important role: Ensure NERC standards met Set protocol for generators (negative LMP, payments for lost opportunity costs) Charged with implementing FERC orders: are tasked to incorporate transmission costs into tariff Help coordinate transmission of mid-west wind to east across many utilities Has features of optimal organization for wind integration

General Recommendations to Maximize System Efficiency at Wind Grows: 

General Recommendations to Maximize System Efficiency at Wind Grows Wind forecasting and integration of that information. Consolidation of balancing areas Use intra-hour markets (flexibility) Create supplementary markets with services or protocols to ramp supply up or down. Expand markets for demand response. Incorporate energy storage. Expand transmission. Doing?

Summary: 

Summary The impact of wind integration is conditional : Other generators and fuel prices Time of day: morning ramp different from night-time Load: is seasonal Congestion on grid: geography Weather

Slide 12: 

THANK YOU