Terrorism Training: Terrorism Training Due to the increased threat of terrorist attacks on American soil, CERT members must be educated about CERT protocols and procedures for terrorist incidents.


Objectives: Objectives Define terrorism. Identify potential targets in Norfolk. Identify CERT operating procedures for a terrorist incident. Describe the actions to take following a suspected terrorist incident.


What Is Terrorism?: What Is Terrorism? Definition: The unlawful use of force or violence committed by a group or individual against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. --U.S. Department of Justice


Attacks on U.S. Soil: Attacks on U.S. Soil 1993 - WTC, NYC 1995 - Murrah Federal building, OK 1996 – Olympic Games, Atlanta 1996 &1997 – Family planning clinics, Atlanta 2001 – WTC, Pentagon & Flight #175 2001 – Anthrax throughout the U.S. Mail


Terrorist Goals: Terrorist Goals Terrorist acts can be with or without warning. Because of the nature of the attacks, they can and are often intended to result in: Mass causalities Loss of critical resources Disruption of vital services Disruption of the economy Individual and mass panic


Targets in Norfolk: Targets in Norfolk Terrorists generally select “soft” or lightly protected targets over “hard” or very secure targets. * Seats of government * Key industries * Bridges, tunnels and transportation facilities * Water supplies and utilities


Targets in Norfolk: Targets in Norfolk Norfolk Naval Base Norfolk International Terminal Norfolk Federal Building Bridges & Tunnels linking with Norfolk Norfolk Main Postal Office MacArthur Mall Scope Cruise Terminal Water Treatment Facilities Fest Events


5 Categories of Terrorist Weapons: 5 Categories of Terrorist Weapons Biological Nuclear Incendiary Chemical Explosive


Biological Weapons: Biological Weapons Biological weapons are found in nature. Some countries have found ways to weaponize the biological agents so they can be disseminated. Targets: People, animals, crops Routes of exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, absorption Agents: May take days or weeks to be confirmed. May spread far beyond initial contamination point. Considered high risk.


Biological Agents: Biological Agents Most biological agents are very delicate and are easily destroyed by heat, light, and other environmental factors. The technical complexities of milling agents small enough for them to remain suspended in the air is beyond the complexity of most terrorist groups.


Nuclear Weapons: Nuclear Weapons Nuclear weapons are different than conventional explosive devices because:. Many casualties follow the initial attack. Very large contaminated area. Long-term health effects would be difficult to predict and manage. Nukes are considered relatively low risk because of the maintenance.


Radiation Dispersal Devices (RDD): Radiation Dispersal Devices (RDD) Conventional explosive with a small radioactive element Radiological materials are readily available Hospitals, Universities, Laboratories, Naval Ships Considered moderate to high treat


Incendiary Devices: Incendiary Devices Incendiary devices are either mechanical, electrical or chemical devices used to initiate combustion. Incendiary devices have three components: 1. Igniter/fuse 2. Container 3. Incendiary material Easy to make Easy to use Considered high risk/low threat


Chemical Agents: Chemical Agents Five types Blistering Blood Riot-control Chocking Nerve Components are readily available Onset of symptoms from immediate to 18 hours Considered moderate risk


Conventional Explosives: Conventional Explosives Terrorists “weapons of choice”. Used in 80% of attacks. Can be: Military munitions Improvised explosive devices (IED) Considered high risk


Improvised Explosive Device (IED): Improvised Explosive Device (IED) The raw material (i.e. fertilizer) for many explosive devices can be bought commercially, purchased from commercial blasting companies, or developed using readily available household ingredients.


Norfolk Police-Fire Bomb Squad: Norfolk Police-Fire Bomb Squad Specially trained Norfolk Police Officers and members from the Fire Marshal’s Office have teamed up this past year to offer additional protection from explosive devices.


Impact vs.. Threat (risk): Impact vs.. Threat (risk) Nukes are HIGH impact, but a LOW threat Incendiary Devices are LOW impact, but a HIGH threat


B-NICE Environmental Indicators: B-NICE Environmental Indicators Environmental indicators: Sick or dead animals, fish, or birds Unscheduled spraying Vapor clouds or mists Absence of crops, wildlife, or insects


B-NICE Environmental Indicators: B-NICE Environmental Indicators (continued) Out of place and unattended packages, boxes, or vehicles Packages that are leaking Unusual materials or equipment Small explosions that disperse liquids, mists, or gases Unusual odors or tastes


Caution: Caution DO NOT try to identify unusual odors or tastes. If you smell something that is clearly not usual for the area or time of day, leave the area immediately.


B-NICE Physical Indicators: B-NICE Physical Indicators Physical indicators: Many casualties without signs of obvious trauma Victims who are exhibiting similar symptoms Large numbers seeking medical attention


Preparing for Terrorism: Preparing for Terrorism Assembling a disaster supply kit. Identify a safe room and meeting place outside of the home or workplace. Develop a family communication plan. Learn shelter-in-place procedures.


Shelter-in-Place Procedures: Shelter-in-Place Procedures Shut off ventilation system. Go to safe room with disaster supply kit. Duct tape plastic sheeting over openings where outside air can come in. Seal with duct tape other areas where air can come in. Listen to battery-powered radio for all clear.


CERT Guiding Principles: CERT Guiding Principles CERT Team safety is the number one priority. Always do a thorough size up. What are the dangers? What are the teams capabilities? What are the teams limitations?


CERT Guiding Principles: CERT Guiding Principles Do not touch it! Move away from the object or area. Report it to authorities. Caution! Using cellular phones or two-way radios may detonate an explosive device!


CERT Guiding Principles: CERT Guiding Principles Three factors to remember at Terrorist Incidents


CERT Guiding Principles: CERT Guiding Principles Basic “at home” Decontamination: Leave the contaminated area (1000-1500ft). Take decontamination action. Remove everything. Wash hands before using them to shower. Shower or flush with copious amounts of cool water*. Blot dry. Report for “professional” decontamination.


Say NO to hot water use!: Say NO to hot water use! Hot water opens the pores of the skin and can promote absorption of the contaminant.


Treating Others: Treating Others The first priority for CERT teams is personal safety. CERT members should take self-protective measures only. DO NOT attempt to treat victims in the contaminated area. Tell evacuating people how to perform basic decon procedures while waiting for emergency responders.


Denying Treatment: Denying Treatment Remember: CERT members have a responsibility to themselves, to other team members, and to their families to operate safely. CERT members are neither trained nor equipped to deal with contaminated victims. CERT members cannot help anyone if they become victims.


What Will The Professionals Do?: What Will The Professionals Do? Steps will be followed to determine: What is going on? How bad the situation is and how much worse will it get? What measures can be taken to control the incident safely? What resources will be needed? Does any of this sound familiar? (9-step process)


Establishing Zones: Establishing Zones


Crime Scene Investigation (CSI): Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) Terrorist Incidents are CRIME SCENES. CERT Teams will not disturb potential evidence!


The End: The End