Romantic Period: Romantic Period 1820-1900


19th Century – LiteratureKnow one of these: 19th Century – Literature Know one of these Keats, Ode to a Nightingale Hugo, The Hunchback of Notre Dame Dickens, Oliver Twist Poe, The Raven Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn


19th Century – Art Know one of these: 19th Century – Art Know one of these Delacroix Turner Monet Van Gogh Constable


19th CenturyHistorical and Cultural Events Know two of these: 19th Century Historical and Cultural Events Know two of these Monroe Doctrine (1823) Revolutions in France, Belgium, Poland (1830) Queen Victoria reigns in England (1837-1901) – The Victorian Age Marx and Engels The Communist Manifesto Darwin Origin of the Species American Civil War (1861-1865) Bell invents the telephone (1876) Spanish-American War (1898)


Romanticism in Music: Romanticism in Music


Some Significant Composers: Some Significant Composers Franz Schubert Robert Schumann Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt Felix Mendelssohn Hector Berlioz Antonin Dvorak Peter Tchaikovsky Johannes Brahms Giuseppi Verdi Giacomo Puccini Richard Wagner


Romanticism in Music: Romanticism in Music Rich variety of music Continued impact on today’s concert repertoire Romantic music makes up most of today’s concert programs Sort of the most popular of classical music


Romanticism in Music: Romanticism in Music Continued using forms of the classical period Romanticism used emotional intensity to the maximum Inherited from Mozart and especially Beethoven


Romanticism in Music: Romanticism in Music Romantic composers preferred the songlike melody which grew out of the classical style


Romanticism in Music: Romanticism in Music Greater range Tone color Dynamics Pitch Harmony is richer More colorful, unstable chords Closely linked with literature Many composers were also authors


Romanticism in Music: Romanticism in Music New forms developed Greater tension Less emphasis on balance and resolution


Individuality of Style: Individuality of Style Mozart and Haydn tend to sound somewhat the same Romantic composers tended to develop very personal and unique styles Tended to reflect their personalities more than classical composers


Expressive Aims and Subjects: Expressive Aims and Subjects Explored wide range of feelings Flamboyance Intimacy Unpredictability Melancholy Rapture Longing Romantic love


Nationalism: Nationalism Important political movement influenced 19th C. music Composers created music with a specific national identity Used folk music Dances Legends and history Contrasts with universal character of classical music


Exoticism: Exoticism Fascination with foreign lands Asian styles Rhythms and instruments of distant lands Picturesque and mysterious


Program Music: Program Music Instrumental music associated with a Story Poem Idea Scene Story told in title or explanatory comments called a program


Expressive Tone Color: Expressive Tone Color Tone color used for variety of mood and atmosphere More important than in previous periods Larger orchestra Classical orchestra = 20-60 players Late Romantic orchestra = up to 100 More instruments = more tone colors Larger concert halls and opera houses


Tone color: Tone color Added woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments for more color and more active role


Colorful Harmony: Colorful Harmony Romantic composers emphasized rich, colorful, and complex harmonies Created feelings of yearning, tension, and mystery More emphasis to harmonic instability


FormsMiniature and Monumental: Forms Miniature and Monumental Short piano pieces by Chopin, and short songs by Schubert which last only a few minutes Intended for intimate performance More pianos in homes Gigantic works by Berlioz and Wagner Huge number of performers Last for hours


Miniature and Monumental: Miniature and Monumental Continued to write symphonies, sonatas, string quartets, concertos, operas, and choral works Longer individual movements Longer pieces 18th C. symphony 25 minutes 19th C. symphony 45 minutes


Romantic Composers and Their Public: Romantic Composers and Their Public Following Beethoven’s lead Romantic composers wrote to fulfill and “inner need” rather than for a commission Wrote long works with no prospects for performance Wagner wrote 2 ½ hour opera Das Rheingold Waited 15 years for a performance


Aristocracy?: Aristocracy? French Revolutions and Napoleonic Wars Fewer rich principalities Could not afford orchestras and composers 19th C. composers wrote mainly for the growing middle-class Subscription concert series grew in number


Music Conservatories: Music Conservatories Established in Europe in first half of century U.S. last half of century Trained musicians for growing audiences


A piano in every middle-class home: A piano in every middle-class home Demand for songs and solo piano pieces


Making a living: Making a living Most musicians had to do more than one thing to make ends meet Teach and perform Compose and teach Compose and write as music critic Conduct and compose Things haven’t changed all that much today