Slide1: Down to the Sea in Ships: How did They Get Here? by Bev & Ken Rees


Agenda: Agenda Some definitions Arrival Records Departure Records Ship’s Logs and Company Records Printed and Secondary Sources Research tips and Strategies


What is a Ship's Passenger List?: What is a Ship's Passenger List? A ship’s passenger list is a list of passengers and crew on a particular ship. A ship’s passenger list substitute is a list of passengers and crew on a particular ship reconstructed from other sources.


The Migration Process: The Migration Process Obtain permission to leave Travel to the port of departure Obtain passage Travel to the destination port (may have been several stops) Obtain permission to enter


Travel Document: Travel Document


Types of Ship's Passenger Lists: Types of Ship's Passenger Lists Records kept at the port of departure Records kept at the port of arrival Records kept at ports of call along the route Records kept by shipping companies


Arrival Records: Arrival Records Canada United States


Some Statistics: Some Statistics


Canada: Canada Halifax, Nova Scotia (1881–1935) Saint John, New Brunswick (1900–1935) Sydney, Nova Scotia (1906–1935) Quebec and Montreal, Quebec (1865–1935) Vancouver, British Columbia (1905–1935) Victoria, British Columbia (1905–1935) via New York (1906–1931) via Eastern US Ports (1905–1928)


Canadian Immigration History: Canadian Immigration History Prior to 1865, there was no requirement to retain ship’s passenger lists. Passenger lists were generated but in general were not retained. Therefore, no organized collection of lists exist in Canada prior to 1865. There are scattered and limited lists for individual ports and individual ships.


Library and Archives Canada: Library and Archives Canada Library and Archives Canada is responsible for preserving all records of national importance. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/


Provincial Sources (all periods): Provincial Sources (all periods) Some provincial archives hold material that relate to ship’s lists. Usually, these will be a type of ship’s list substitute. Some of this material may be useful in determining date and port of arrival. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/genealogy/022-802-e.html


Canada Prior to 1865: Canada Prior to 1865 French Regime British Regime


French Regime: French Regime French Colonial Records Passenger Lists 1717–1760 1786 Colonial Archives At Library and Archives Canada


British Regime: British Regime Miscellaneous Immigration Index From British Isles To Quebec and Ontario 1801–1849 Irish Assisted Immigration to Peterborough early 1820s


Canada 1865-1919, 1925-1935: Canada 1865-1919, 1925-1935 ‘Large sheet’ ship’s manifests Fairly complete Arranged by port and date of arrival Library and Archives Canada (microfilm) Filmed in 1949, but not up to today’s standards


Canada 1919 to 1924: Canada 1919 to 1924 Individual Form 30a Various ports changed to/from Form 30a at various times Microfilmed Arranged in ‘quasi-alphabetical’ order


Early Canadian Ship’s List Contents: Early Canadian Ship’s List Contents Name Age Sex Country of origin Occupation Place of destination


‘Large Sheet’ and Form 30A Contents: ‘Large Sheet’ and Form 30A Contents Name of ship Date of sailing Port and date of arrival Name Age Occupation


‘Large Sheet’ and Form 30A Contents continued. . . . . .: ‘Large Sheet’ and Form 30A Contents continued. . . . . . Birthplace Race Citizenship Religion Destination Name of the nearest relative in the country from which the immigrant came.


Canada Form 30A: Canada Form 30A


Canada RG 76: Canada RG 76


Finding Aids - Canada: Finding Aids - Canada French Regime - http://www.collectionscanada.ca/genealogy/022-908.002.01-e.html Colonial Records -http://www.collectionscanada.ca/archivianet/020112_e.html RG 76 - http://www.collectionscanada.ca/genealogy/022-908.003.02-e.html


Library and Archives Canada: Library and Archives Canada


Specific Search: Specific Search


Results: Results


Armenia arriving in Halifax 1903: Armenia arriving in Halifax 1903


Indices - Canada: Indices - Canada British Regime - http://www.ingeneas.com/ Quebec City (1865–1869) - http://www.collectionscanada.ca/genealogy/022-908.003.01-e.html Halifax (1881–1882) - http://www.collectionscanada.ca/genealogy/022-908.003-e.html On-line database - RG76 -(1925-1935) - http://www.collectionscanada.ca/archivianet/020118_e.html


But There are So Few Canadian Indexes!: But There are So Few Canadian Indexes! Pressure our government for more funding Volunteer to transcribe, index, abstract, or extract some of the many ship’s lists available from LAC or other sources Visit http://www.immigrantships.net/ (The Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild)


But There are So Few Canadian Indexes! continued. . . . . .: But There are So Few Canadian Indexes! continued. . . . . . Many, many ships have been partially or fully transcribed. Start to gather links to those you find while searching the web. Start a new project (see http://www.afhs.ab.ca/registry/index.html) Cooperate with others in indexing the existing transcriptions.


US Immigration History: US Immigration History Prior to 1820, there was no requirement to document immigrants into the United States. Between 1820 and 1891, the Bureau of Customs was tasked with keeping such records – the Customs Passenger Lists. After 1891, the Immigration and Naturalization Service kept Immigrant Passenger Lists.


National Archives and Records Administration: National Archives and Records Administration The US National Archives and Records Administration (similar to Library and Archives Canada) is charged with the custody and preservation of records of national import. http://www.archives.gov/


Customs Passenger Lists: Customs Passenger Lists Prepared in duplicate on board. One copy was filed by the master with collector of customs. Other copy was kept with the ship’s papers. Copies and abstracts sent to the Secretary of State Transcriptions of the copies were also made.


Customs Passenger List Contents: Customs Passenger List Contents Name Age Sex Occupation Nationality Destination country


Immigrant Passenger Lists: Immigrant Passenger Lists Immigrant passenger lists were kept by the Immigration and Naturalization authorities (and their predecessor organizations). They contained basically the same information as the old Customs passenger lists. The amount of information was increased as time went on.


Immigrant Passenger Lists Contents: Immigrant Passenger Lists Contents Name Age Sex Occupation Nationality Destination country


Immigrant Passenger Lists Contents continued. . . . . .: Immigrant Passenger Lists Contents continued. . . . . . (after 1882) native country, local destination, (after 1891) last residence, (after 1893) marital status, if joining a relative and if so name, address, and relationship, amount of money, health and social conditions, (after 1903) race, (after 1907) physical description.


Titanic Survivors: Titanic Survivors Filed by mistake with June 12, 1912 arrivals. (The “Carpathia” rescued these survivors)


Records Before 1820: Records Before 1820 Are not filed nationally May be filed at the Port of Entry May be called ship’s cargo manifests Consult the state archive for additional information -http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/state-archives.html Except….


Records Before 1820 continued. . . . . .: Records Before 1820 continued. . . . . . Arrivals at New Orleans, Louisiana, 1813-1819 Arrivals at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1800-1819


United States Major Ports: United States Major Ports Galveston, Texas (1846–1948) New Orleans, Louisiana (1820–1900) Baltimore, Maryland (1820–1948) New York, New York (1820–1938) Boston, Massachusetts (1820–1943) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1800–1945) Others (many others)….


Finding Aids: Finding Aids By port - http://www.archives.gov/genealogy/immigration/passenger-arrival.html#film


Galveston Indexes: Galveston Indexes 1844 – 1848 - http://www.tsm-elissa.org/immigration-login.htm 1846 – 1871 – Ancestry.com 1896 – 1952 – NARA microfilm


New Orleans Indexes: New Orleans Indexes 1853 – 1899 - NARA microfilm 1900 – 1952 – NARA microfilm 1820 – 1850 – Ancestry.com


Baltimore Indexes: Baltimore Indexes 1820 – 1897 – NARA microfilm 1833 – 1866 – NARA microfilm city lists 1897 – 1952 – NARA microfilm


New York Indexes: New York Indexes 1820 – 1846 - NARA microfilm 1846 – 1851 - NARA - http://aad.archives.gov/aad/series-list.jsp?cat=SB301&bc=sb 1851 – 1891 - Ancestry.com - http://www.ancestry.com/ 1892 – 1924 - Ellis Island - http://www.ellisisland.org/


Additional New York Indexes (Online): Additional New York Indexes (Online) Castle Garden (1820 – 1892) - http://www.castlegarden.org/


Boston Indexes: Boston Indexes 1848 – 1891 – NARA microfilm 1902 – 1920 – NARA microfilm 1899 – 1940 – NARA microfilm 1820 – 1943 – Ancestry.com For missing periods, see the Massachusetts state lists (http://www.sec.state.ma.us/arc/arcidx.htm)


Klingenberg Family: Klingenberg Family


Therese G. Klingenberg: Therese G. Klingenberg


Philadelphia Indexes: Philadelphia Indexes 1800 – 1906 – NARA microfilm 1883 – 1948 – NARA microfilm


Departure Records: Departure Records British Isles Scandinavia Netherlands/Belgium/France Germany/Central Europe


British Isles Ports: British Isles Ports Hull, England Liverpool, England Southampton, England Glasgow, Scotland http://www.findmypast.com/ - indexes to those leaving the United Kingdom from 1890 to 1919. (1920 to 1960 coming soon)


Search screen: Search screen


Index to departing passengers: Index to departing passengers


Scandinavia Ports: Scandinavia Ports Gothenburg, Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Oslo, Norway Trondheim, Norway Copenhagen, Denmark


Netherlands/Belgium/France: Netherlands/Belgium/France Amsterdam, Netherlands Antwerp, Belgium Cherbourg, France Le Havre, France Rotterdam, Netherlands La Rochelle


Germany/Central Europe Ports: Germany/Central Europe Ports Hamburg Bremen


Hamburg: Hamburg Up to 30% of immigrants passed through Hamburg Indexes and ship’s lists are available for the great majority of the period from 1850 – 1934 (the Great War interrupted emigration) Partial indexes are available on line at http://www.linktoyourroots.hamburg.de/ Ancestry.com also has indexes. The ship’s lists are divided into direct and indirect lists.


Index to Hamburg Passenger Lists: Index to Hamburg Passenger Lists


Georg Ukrainetz: Georg Ukrainetz


Therese Klingenberg: Therese Klingenberg


Bremen: Bremen Passenger lists were kept from about 1832 The early lists were destroyed between 1875 and 1909 because of lack of space. Lists kept between 1910 and 1920 were destroyed by Allied bombing in the Second World War Lists from 1921 to 1939 are available. Substitutes are available.


Departure Records: Departure Records For records relating to these ports, see http://www.familysearch.org/ Or http://www.cyndislist.com/portsdepart.htm Or http://www.google.ca/


Ship’s Logs/Company Records : Ship’s Logs/Company Records Ship’s Logs may be found via maritime museums, such as Mariner’s Museum – Newport News, VA Mystic Seaport – Mystic, CT National Maritime Museum – San Francisco, CA A list of shipping lines may be found at http://www.theshipslist.com/index.html In general, the company must be contacted for access to their archives.


Printed and Secondary Sources : Printed and Secondary Sources In the next few slides, a brief sampling is given of some of the printed and secondary sources that might be consulted. There are many, many more. Note that almost every index is a secondary source. Hence the imperative need to always consult the original record.


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . : Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . Filby, P. William, ed. Passenger and Immigration Lists Index: A Guide to Published Arrival Records of ... Passengers who Came to the United States and Canada in the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Centuries. 3 volumes plus annual supplements. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1981-__. This series is a finding aid to published passenger lists. Be sure to read the "front material" to understand how to use the information you find.


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . : Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . Filby, P. William, ed. Passenger and Immigration Lists Bibliography, 1538-1900. 2d ed. Detroit, MI: Gale Research Co., 1988. Lancour, Harold, comp. A Bibliography of Ship Passenger Lists, 1538-1825; Being a Guide to Published Lists of Early Immigrants to North America. 3d ed. New York: New York Public Library, 1978.


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . : Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . Wood, Virginia Steele, comp. Immigrant Arrivals: A Guide To Published Sources - http://www.loc.gov/rr/genealogy/bib_guid/immigrant/


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . : Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . Boyer, Carl. Ship Passenger Lists, National and New England (1600-1825). Newhall, CA: C. Boyer, 1977. Covers Lancour entries 1-71. Boyer, Carl. Ship Passenger Lists, New York and New Jersey (1600-1825). Newhall, CA: C. Boyer, 1978. Covers Lancour entries 72-115.


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . .: Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . Boyer, Carl. Ship Passenger Lists, Pennsylvania and Delaware (1641-1825). Newhall, CA: C. Boyer, 1980. Covers Lancour entries 116-197. Boyer, Carl. Ship Passenger Lists, the South (1538-1825). Newhall, CA: C. Boyer, 1979. Covers Lancour entries 198E-243.


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . : Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . Tepper, Michael. New World Immigrants: a Consolidation of Ship Passenger Lists and Associated Data from Periodical Literature. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1979. Tepper, Michael. Passengers to America: A Consolidation of Ship Passenger Lists From the New England Historical and Genealogical Register. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1977.


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . : Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . Tepper, Michael. Emigrants to Pennsylvania, 1641-1819: a Consolidation of Ship Passenger Lists from the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1978 Tepper, Michael. Immigrants to the Middle Colonies: a Consolidation of Ship Passenger Lists and Associated Data from The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1978


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . .: Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . A dictionary of immigrants to Nova Scotia, by Leonard H. Smith, Jr, Owl Books, ca. 1985. A dictionary of Scottish emigrants to Canada before Confederation, by Donald Whyte, Ontario Genealogical Society, 3 volumes. Canadian passengers inward bound, 1856 1858 by Mary Kearns Trace, Calgary, Traces, ca.1997.


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . .: Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . Index of some passengers who emigrated to Canada between 1817 & 1849, compiled and edited by John A. Acton, Ontario Genealogical Society, ca. 2003. (Index to the lists found in the British Colonial Office 384 records.) The Lanark Society settlers : ships' lists of the Glasgow Emigration Society, 1821, by Gerald J. Neville, British Isles Family History Society of Greater Ottawa, 1995.


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . .: Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . Names of emigrants : from the 1845 1847 records of James Allison, emigrant agent at Montreal, prepared by the Irish Research Group, Ottawa Branch, Ontario Genealogical Society, 1994. Passengers to New Brunswick: The Custom House Records; 1833, 34, 37 & 1838, by Daniel F. Johnson, Saint John Branch, New Brunswick Genealogical Society, ca. 1987.


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . .: Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . The McCabe list : early Irish in the Ottawa Valley, by Bruce S. Elliott, Ontario Genealogical Society, 2002 (revised edition). The people's Clearance : Highland emigration to British North America, 1770 1815, by J. M. Bumsted, University of Manitoba Press, 1982.


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . .: Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . The Silver Chief: Lord Selkirk and the Scottish Pioneers of Belfast, Baldoon and Red River, by Lucille H. Campey.


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . .: Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . "La Rochelle et le Canada au XVIIe siècle" by Marcel Delafosse in Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique Française, volume 4 (1951), pages 469 511, 1632 to 1693. Les passagers du Saint André: La recrue de 1659, by Archange Godbout, Montréal, Société généalogique canadienne Française, 1964, 166 pages..


Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . .: Printed and Secondary Sources continued. . . . . . "Liste des navires venus en Nouvelle France de 1657 à 1665", by Michel Langlois in l'Ancêtre (Québec), Volume 3 (1976), pages 3 15.


Common Research Strategies: Common Research Strategies Search the passenger lists directly Use an arrival index Use a departure index Narrow the search Search for birds of a feather Go line by line


Search the passenger lists directly: Search the passenger lists directly Use this strategy when you know the exact date and port of arrival. In this case, there is no need for an index as you have the information to go directly to the appropriate ships list.


Use an arrival index: Use an arrival index A great many of the US ports have a name index for arriving passengers. Where possible, use the index to locate the arrival record for your ancestor. We discussed arrival indexes when we talked about arrival records.


Use a departure index: Use a departure index A few of the European and British ports have published indexes for departing passengers. Use these indexes to find the departure date, the port of arrival, and the arrival date. Then go to the arrival ships lists and locate the name of your ancestor. We talked about departure indexes when we talked about departure records.


Narrow the search: Narrow the search Narrow the search by weeding out impossible ships, impossible ports of entry (or departure), and impossible dates. First search the most probable, then search the increasingly improbable. The Canadian immigration records from 1865 to 1922 have a very good search tool that can help us narrow the search.


Search for birds of a feather: Search for birds of a feather Since most of our ancestors traveled and arrived in groups, use the techniques of cluster genealogy to pin-point the arrival port and date. In every record in which your ancestor appears, note the people mentioned. Those mentioned most often form a core group. It may be that these immigrated at the same time and from the same place.


Go line by line: Go line by line This is the strategy of last resort! Even here, don’t start in January and wade through to December. Search March, April, May, September, October, November, June, July, August, December, January, and finally February.


Can You Find a Substitute for a Missing Passenger List?: Can You Find a Substitute for a Missing Passenger List? Look at the following: Newspaper records at the port of departure Newspaper records at the port of arrival Pest hospital records Indenture records Oaths of allegiance Health certificates Entry Permits


How Should an Index Be Used?: How Should an Index Be Used? Know the difference between an index, an abstract, and an extract. Search all possible spellings Search for related individuals Search for known immigrants who resided in the same area as your ancestor When an entry is found, consult the original record. (Always!) When an entry is not found, search the original records. (Always!)


Finding Aids: Finding Aids Finding aids give access to one portion of a group of records. Finding aids are similar to indexes, but they usually identify a larger area to search.


Finding Aid Use: Finding Aid Use Know what information is absolutely required in order to use the finding aid. Know what information might help in using the finding aid. (More is not always better!) Identify a strategy to get the required information.


Strategies for Finding the Port and Date of Arrival: Strategies for Finding the Port and Date of Arrival Use home sources (letters, journals, diaries, histories, interviews) Use printed or secondary sources, such as indexes Look for naturalization records Consult the census Review immigrant aid society and religious records Track family, neighbours and friends


Strategies for Finding the Port and Date of Arrival continued. . . . . .: Strategies for Finding the Port and Date of Arrival continued. . . . . . Land records Death registrations Directories National registrations (Canada, 1940) Consider settlement patterns and available transportation Look at nationality, ethnicity, culture, and religion What ports were active at the time?


Using the Record: Using the Record When you find an individual, look to see who the traveling companions are. Be aware of the provenance of the record or index you are using. Immediately create a source citation. If you can, make an exact copy of what you find (photocopy, digital image, scanned image)


Questions?: Questions?


Slide110: Beverley A. & Kenneth W. Rees 15 Heritage Point West Lethbridge, AB T1K 7B7 Phone: 403.328-9366 Email: ancestor-find@familyhistree.com