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An Efficient Digital Sliding Controller for Adaptive Power-Supply Regulation: 

An Efficient Digital Sliding Controller for Adaptive Power-Supply Regulation Jaeha Kim and Mark Horowitz

Adaptive Power-Supply Regulation: 

Adaptive Power-Supply Regulation Operating at lower frequency saves power, but not energy. a Power ~ V2f, Energy ~ V2. Adaptive power-supply regulation saves both by lowering voltage, too. Applications: mPs, DSPs, and high-speed I/Os.

Adaptive Power-Supply Regulator: 

Adaptive Power-Supply Regulator

The Controller: 

The Controller Switching power supplies regulate voltage. a Analog controllers Adaptive power-supplies regulate delay. a Digital controllers This work presents a simpler digital controller using sliding control.

Outline: 

Outline Introduction Sliding Control Digital Implementation Measurement Results Conclusions

Phase Portraits: 

Phase Portraits

Sliding Control (1): 

Sliding Control (1) Control law: dV/dt + (V-Vref)/t = 0. Effectively a first-order system with time constant t.

Sliding Control (2): 

Sliding Control (2)

Digital Sliding Controller (1): 

Digital Sliding Controller (1) Digital controller needs to estimate df/dt in: df/dt + (f-fref)/t = 0. Approach 1: measure the change in f for a fixed time duration. Approach 2: measure the elapsed time Dt for a fixed change in f, Df. afits the digital implementation better

Digital Sliding Controller (2): 

Digital Sliding Controller (2) The original sliding control law was: df/dt + (f-fref)/t =? 0. Use df/dt = Df/Dt, and rearrange: Dt =? -tDf/(f-fref) = -Nt/(f-fref). Measure Dt using a counter clocked at |f-fref|, i.e. Dt = N/|f-fref|, then: N =? Nt.

Digital Sliding Controller (3): 

Digital Sliding Controller (3)

Sensor Implementation: 

Sensor Implementation

Chip Prototype: 

Chip Prototype 0.25-mm CMOS Controller area: 0.7x0.5mm2. On-chip power transistors: 4.4mm(P), 2.2mm(N). Off-chip components: 15.2mH (L), 21.6mF (C).

Measurement Results (1): 

Measurement Results (1)

Measurement Results (2): 

Measurement Results (2) 0mA 0mA 80mA Step change in fref Step change in load current 370MHz 150MHz 150MHz

Conclusions: 

Conclusions Sliding control is robust and fast in transients. The reformulated control law enables simple digital implementation. Scalability of the controller power keeps the efficiency high under low loads. A new sensor based on a ring-oscillator further reduces the area.

Acknowledgements: 

Acknowledgements David Su, Sotirios Limotyrakis, & Wonjoon Choi Dean Liu, Stefanos Sidiropoulos, Gu-Yeon Wei, Ken Mai, & Dan Weinlader. Behzad Razavi & Brian Brandt National Semiconductor Sookyung Kim