cose brochure

COSECompilation of atmospheric Observations in support of Satellite measurements over Europe: 

COSE Compilation of atmospheric Observations in support of Satellite measurements over Europe European Commission Environment and Climate Programme COSE: archived data products (a) and observation techniques involved (b). hop: horizontal path surface measurements; ISSJ: Jungfraujoch/Bern; OHP: Observatoire de Haute Provence. (a) (b)

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Context and rationale Any study of the Earth system including the atmosphere needs coherent sets of validated Earth Observation (EO) data, with well known precision, accuracy and clearly documented qualities. Such data are to be found in the combination of space-borne (satellite), air-borne (aircraft, balloon) and ground-based observations. The important role in atmospheric sciences of ground-based observation networks and in-situ measurements has been recognised and demonstrated lately. Since the early 1990s, Europe has provided substantial support to the global Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) through long-term observations and related scientific activities at a large number of stations. Collaborations within the corresponding scientific community have led to the improvement, better characterisation and homogenisation of a variety of instrumental techniques and data analysis methods. Long-term time series of various constituents which are of major importance for the study of the depletion of the ozone layer and of the Earth climate have been provided. The network approach has provided a more consistent picture of the atmospheric phenomena taking place over Europe. Objectives COSE provides a validated, consistent and well documented data set of total abundances and vertical distribution profiles of the most important stratospheric constituents which builds on past and ongoing time series, by co-ordination of ground-based observations at existing stations in Europe. Among the major concerns in COSE are (1) a better characterisation of the data content, and (2) an improved scientific return from the experimental data. A dedicated relational database is set up to archive the observations for immediate and future exploitation, e.g., satellite validation activities, data assimilation and scientific studies on a European scale. For example, COSE is an integral part of THESEO and THESEO 2000, which are dedicated campaigns co-ordinated by EC for the study of Arctic and mid-latitude O3 destruction. As shown on the front page, the COSE database includes UV/Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), microwave (MW) and lidar remote sensing data of O3, NO2, OClO, ClO, reservoirs and tracers (HNO3, N2O, HF, HCl, ClONO2), CO, CH4, and aerosol, FTIR surface measurements of CO and CH4, and O3 and aerosol in-situ sonde data. The necessary ancillary data are also included in the archive. COSE contributes to the long-term effort for monitoring ozone depletion and climate change over Europe. Time series of the ozone volume mixing ratio profiles over Bern measured by the GROund-based Millimeter-wave Ozone Spectrometer (GROMOS) between Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1999. (Courtesy: University of Bern) Empirical determination of chemical ozone loss (%) over Northern Europe, calculated from UV-Vis ground-based network observations, in comparison with model simulations. The reference 0% loss is determined from a model run in which O3 is considered to be a passive tracer. (Courtesy: CNRS-SA)

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Users COSE serves the global scientific EO community, in particular, satellite experiment and validation teams the THESEO and THESEO 2000 field campaigns data assimilation and modelling efforts databases of EO data, especially the NDSC database Among the objectives of NDSC is to provide an independent calibration of satellite sensors. The validation of the European GOME experiment on the ERS-2 satellite relies almost entirely on the NDSC network, more especially on its UV/Vis component. COSE is also ready to support upcoming satellite experiments like MOPITT, Odin, and the future ENVISAT mission. The internal consistency and geographical extent of the data used for validation is fundamental to the success of the validation efforts on a global scale. The same is true for verifications and improvements of atmospheric models and space-based data assimilation analyses which is another objective of the NDSC. COSE also provides most of the ground-based observations in THESEO and THESEO 2000 and contributes to the associated scientific studies concerning stratospheric ozone loss and chlorine activation. Its importance with respect to these or any similar campaign activities lies in the provision of complementary data, covering a longer time period. And EO databases like the NDSC and SPARC databases cannot be developed without the continuation of regular monitoring activities concerning a variety of atmospheric variables, in a co-ordinated fashion. Seasonal and latitudinal variation of total NO2 as derived from spectra measured by the ERS-2 GOME satellite instrument and as observed with ground-based UV-visible and FTIR spectrometers. The synergistic use of different observation techniques and platforms at various locations allows to discriminate measurement artefacts from real geophysical features. E.g., most of outlying satellite data observed over the Alps – where ground-based UV-visible data affected by tropospheric pollution have been filtered out – are indicative of enhanced tropospheric NO2 to which the GOME measurement is highly sensitive. A smoother behaviour prevails over less polluted regions. (Courtesy: AWI, BIRA-IASB, CNRS/FMI, UNI BREMEN/DLR/ESA, NILU, and ULg) Time series of methane (CH4) vertical column abundances above Jungfraujoch (46.5°N, 3580m alt., left scale) and Ny-Alesund (78.9°N, 20m alt., right scale) derived from regular observations carried out since 1985 and 1992, respectively. The noticeable difference between the columns retrieved at both sites mainly results from their relative altitude location. (Courtesy: ULg and AWI)

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Network partners World Wide Web Contractors BIRA-IASB, Belgium (M. De Mazière, co-ordinator) http://www.oma.be/BIRA-IASB/ Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte Aeronomie-Institut d’Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique AWI, Germany (R. Neuber) http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/ Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung ULg, Belgium (R. Zander) http://sunset.astro.ulg.ac.be/girpas/gir4proe.htm Université de Liège, Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique CNRS-SA, France (C. David) http://www.aero.jussieu.fr/ Service d’Aéronomie du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UBx1, France (J. de La Noë) http://www.observ.u-bordeaux.fr/ Observatoire de l’Université de Bordeaux 1 FhG, Germany (R. Sussmann) http://www.ifu.fhg.de/ Fraunhofer-Institut für Atmosphärische Umweltforschung UNI BREMEN, Germany (U. Klein) http://www-iup.physik.uni-bremen.de/index_e.html Universität Bremen IVL, Sweden (B. Galle) http://www.ivl.se/ Swedish Environmental Research Institute NILU, Norway (G. Braathen) http://www.nilu.no/ Norwegian Institute for Air Research UBE, Switzerland (N. Kämpfer) http://www.cx.unibe.ch/iap/ University of Bern, Institute of Applied Physics Sub-contractors LOA, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique, Université des Sciences http://www-loa.univ-lille1.fr/index_scp.html et Technologies de Lille, France FMI, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland http://www.fmi.fi/ DMI, Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark http://www.dmi.dk/eng/index.html Univ. Leeds, University of Leeds, School of the Environment, United Kingdom http://www.env.leeds.ac.uk IRF, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Sweden http://alis.irf.se/morf Involved users World Wide Web Satellite experiment & Validation teams MOPITT, Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/mopitt/home.html Odin http://www.misu.su.se/~martin/odin.html GOME, Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment http://earth1.esrin.esa.it/gome/ ENVISAT, Environment Satellite http://envisat.estec.esa.nl/ THESEO and THESEO 2000 Campaigns EORCU, European Ozone Research Co-ordinating Unit http://www.ozone-sec.ch.cam.ac.uk/ Databases NDSC, Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change http://www.ndsc.ncep.noaa.gov/ NADIR/NILU, Norwegian Institute for Air Research http://www.nilu.no/projects/nadir/index.html SPARC, Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate http://www.aero.jussieu.fr/~sparc/ Project details The COSE project (contract n° ENV4-CT98-0750) is supported by the European Commission’s Environment and Climate research programme, for the period Oct. 1, 1998 to Sept. 30, 2000. The Scientific Officer monitoring the project: Dr. G. Amanatidis EC/Research DG Square de Meeûs 8, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel. +32-2-295.88.15, Fax +32-2-296.30.24, Email: georgios.amanatidis@cec.eu.int Demonstration To aid the user in its exploitation of the database, COSE produces: a regularly updated overview of the observations, grouped per data product and per station, and a document containing a complete documentation of all data products involved The THESEO 2000 (http://www.nilu.no/projects/theseo2000/) and COSE Web pages, (http://www.nilu.no/ projects/nadir/cose/) will provide links to the COSE database situated in NADIR at NILU, and to the above documents. Links will be established also with INFEO (http://infeo.ceo.org/), the INFormation on Earth Observation server which is hosted by the Centre for Earth Observation (CEO).