TECHNO CULTURAL EVOLUTION325

TECHNO-CULTURAL EVOLUTION: 

TECHNO-CULTURAL EVOLUTION THE CULTURAL EVOLUTION OF A COMPETITIVE MARKET ECONOMY AND ITS ECOSYSTEM

WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM?: 

WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM? A NETWORK OF RELATIONSHIPS OF INTERDEPENDENT LIFE FORMS SUCH AS FORESTS, PRAIRIES, OR HUMAN SOCIETIES EARTH IS A NEST OF ECOSYSTEMS NESTED IN LARGER ECOSYSTEMS EVERY ECOSYSTEM HAS AN ECONOMY BALANCED BETWEEN COMPETITION AND COOOPERATION

ECONOMIC SYSTEM TRANSFORMATIONS: 

ECONOMIC SYSTEM TRANSFORMATIONS FROM LOCAL HUNTING/GATHERING TO LOCAL SUBSISTENCE FARMING INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE WITH A FOOD SURPLUS FACILITATING THE RISE OF CIVILIZATION EUROPEAN ENLIGHTENMENT GIVING RISE TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS

ECOSYSTEMS AND EVOLUTION: 

ECOSYSTEMS AND EVOLUTION ECOSYSTEMS STRIVE FOR DYNAMIC BALANCE AND STABILITY WHEN IN BALANCE, ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS CONSTRAIN EVOLUTION MUTATIONS IN DNA DON’T PROPAGATE NEW INVENTIONS IN CULTURE DON’T SPREAD OR ARE SUPPRESSED

PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIA: 

PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIA CHANGE DOES NOT OCCUR IN A CONTINUOUS GRADUAL PROCESS SHORT BURSTS OF RELATIVELY RAPID CHANGE ARE FOLLOWED BY LONGER PERIODS OF STASIS WHERE LITTLE CHANGE TAKES PLACE RAPID CHANGE TAKES PLACE ON NEW ECOLOGICAL FRONTIERS

THE FRONTIER EFFECT: 

THE FRONTIER EFFECT A SERIOUS DISTURBANCE TO AN ECOSYSTEM UPSETS ITS BALANCE THE UPSET CREATES A NEW FRONTIER DISTURBANCES INCLUDE IMMIGRANTS INTO THE ECOSYSTEM PHYSICAL DISASTERS SUCH AS ASTEROIDS, VOLCANOES, TECTONIC PLATE SHIFTS, CLIMATE FLIPS FOR SOME SPECIES DISTURBANCES CAN CREATE A NEW FRONTIER

THE NEW FRONTIER: 

THE NEW FRONTIER DISRUPTION TRIGGERS A PROCESS OF CHANGE ECOLOGICAL RELEASE FROM THE OLD CONSTRAINTS OCCURS FOR SOME OF THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE ECOSYSTEM FOR THEM NEW OPPORTUNITIES ARISE TO GROW AND EXPAND DNA MUTATIONS OR CULTURAL INVENTIONS TAKE HOLD TO EXPLOIT THE OPPORTUNITIES THUS TO TRIGGER THE “PUNCTUATION!!!” PART OF EVOLUTION

ECOLOGICAL RELEASE: 

ECOLOGICAL RELEASE DISTURBANCE CAN WIPE OUT THE COMPETITION FOR RESOURCES, ONES PREDATORS, OR ELIMINATE DISEASES OR OTHER CONSTRAINTS NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH AND EXPANSION THUS ARISE AND THAT TRIGGERS A RUSH TO EXPLOIT THEM.

EVOLUTION BEGINS: 

EVOLUTION BEGINS DNA MUTATIONS TAKE HOLD IF THEY IMPROVE THE ABILITY TO EXPLOIT THE NEW OPPORTUNITIES CULTURAL INVENTIONS TAKE HOLD IF THEY IMPROVE THE HUMAN ABILITY TO EXPLOIT NEW OPPORTUNITIES GROWTH AND EXPANSION OCCUR IN EITHER CASE AND THE ECOSYSTEM ALSO EVOLVES

OVER-EXPLOITATION: 

OVER-EXPLOITATION IT IS RARELY EVIDENT WHEN THE EXPLOITATION HAS GONE TOO FAR THUS THE TENDENCY IS TO OVER EXPLOIT THE OPPORTUNITIES A CRASH OF SOME SORT TYPICALLY FOLLOWS OVER-EXPLOITATION. E.G. “DOT.COM, DOT.BOMB, DOT.GONE”

CULTURAL EXAMPLES: 

CULTURAL EXAMPLES ECOLOGICAL RELEASE, FOLLOWED BY OVEREXPLOITATION AND CRASH IS COMMON IN HUMAN CULTURE ECONOMIC BOOM FOLLOWED BY BUST ETHICAL CONFUSION AND SCANDALS SUCH AS ENRON OR WORLD.COM SAILORS OR CONVENTIONEERS GOING ON A DRUNK AFTER A LONG PERIOD OF TIGHT DISCIPLINE SOLDIERS PLUNDERING AND LOOTING AFTER A VICTORY

AFTER THE CRASH: 

AFTER THE CRASH THE FRONTIER CLOSES WITH TRAUMA, EVEN EXTINCTIONS; OPPORTUNITY ENDS AND NEW CONSTRAINTS EMERGE ADAPTATION TO THE NEW CONSTRAINTS RESTORES BALANCE TO THE ECOSYSTEM STASIS OR EQUILIBRIUM EMERGES DNA MUTATIONS AGAIN REJECTED AND CULTURAL INVENTIONS DON’T SPREAD STASIS LASTS UNTIL NEW DISRUPTIONS CREATE NEW FRONTIERS

THREE MAJOR EXAMPLES : 

THREE MAJOR EXAMPLES ASTEROID HIT OF 200 mya GIVES RISE TO GLOBAL DINOSAUR DOMINANCE ASTEROID HIT OF 65 mya WIPES OUT THE DINOSAURS AND GIVES RISE TO GLOBAL MAMMALIAN DOMINANCE CLIMATE CHANGE 6 mya PRODUCES UPRIGHT PRIMATES (HOMINIDS) SERIES OF CLIMATE FLIPS 2-.5 mya PRODUCES BIG BRAINED HOMINIDS AND THEN MODERN HUMANS

FRONTIER INNOVATIONS DRIVE EVOLUTION: 

FRONTIER INNOVATIONS DRIVE EVOLUTION DNA MUTATIONS ARE BIOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS THAT CREATE NEW AND MORE COMPLEX LIFE FORMS INNOVATIONS IN TECHNOLOGY BY HUMANS CREATE NEW AND MORE COMPLEX (AND POWERFUL) FORMS OF CULTURE

EARLY STAGE OF HUMAN CULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS: 

EARLY STAGE OF HUMAN CULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS SERIES OF ICE AGES PROMOTES THE ENLARGEMENT OF HUMAN BRAINS AND THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN TECHNO-CULTURE. SMALL BRAINED HOMINIDS VANISH HUNTING TECHNOLOGY BECOMES SO SOPHISTICATED BY 30,000 BCE THAT IT BEGINS TO SELF DESTRUCT

HUNTING ERA TECHNOLOGIES: 

HUNTING ERA TECHNOLOGIES STONE AXES AND OTHER CRAFTED TOOLS AND WEAPONS SEWED CLOTHING, BASKETS, POTS, AND CRAFTED INSTRUMENTS CAVE PAINTINGS AND OTHER ART OBJECTS AND DECORATIONS LONG DISTANCE WEAPONS SUCH AS THE BOW AND ARROW

ICE AGES AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISPERSION: 

ICE AGES AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISPERSION ICE AGES RAISE AND LOWER THE SEA LEVEL TO JOIN AND THEN SEPARATE MANY REGIONS OF THE GLOBE FIRST HUMAN-LIKE HOMINIDS LEFT AFRICA FOR ASIA ABOUT 1 mya

DISPERSION, CONT.: 

DISPERSION, CONT. MODERN HUMANS REACH EUROPE ABOUT .6 mya AND COEXIST WITH THE NEANDERTHALS UNTIL ABOUT 30,000 BCE. MODERN HUMANS REACH AUSTRALIA ABOUT 50,000 BCE AND AMERICA ABOUT 15,000 BCE

HUNTER-GATHER SOCIETIES : 

HUNTER-GATHER SOCIETIES NOMADIC WITH LOW BIRTH RATE THINLY POPULATED; 20 SQ. KM. TO FEED ONE PERSON EGALITARIAN AND SOCIALLY COHESIVE, NO CHIEFS DEPENDENT ON COOPERATION, SHARING, AND TEAMWORK MOSTLY HEALTHY AND HAPPY

TRANSITION TO AGRICULTURE: 

TRANSITION TO AGRICULTURE BEGINS 10,000 YEARS AGO IN THE FERTILE CRESCENT SPREADS TO NILE VALLEY INDUS AND GANGES VALLEYS YELLOW AND YANGTZE VALLEYS MEXICO AND PERU EVOLVE ON THEIR OWN

FROM EGALITARIANISM TO KLEPTOCRACY: 

FROM EGALITARIANISM TO KLEPTOCRACY FARMING USES ONLY 1% AS MUCH LAND AS HUNTER-GATHERS NEED ALLOWS FOR SETTLEMENTS AND HIGHER BIRTH RATES; CHILDREN BECOME ASSETS NOT LIABILITIES POPULATION BEGINS TO EXPLODE SOCIAL COHESIVENESS DECLINES DISPUTES AND ANARCHY ARISE

STEPS TOWARDS DESPOTISM: 

STEPS TOWARDS DESPOTISM AS POPULATION GROWS…. HEADMEN APPOINTED SETTLE DISPUTES INFORMALLY LITTLE POWER CHIEFS WITH MORE AUTHORITY FOLLOW TAXES OR TRIBUTE COLLECTED GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY BEGINS SLAVERY AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION BEGINS

DESPOTISM, CONT.: 

DESPOTISM, CONT. CHIEFTAINS ARISE WHEN LARGE POPULATIONS EVOLVE ACQUIRE DESPOTIC POWER HEREDITARY NOBILITY ARISES SLAVES DO MOST OF THE WORK AND CASTE DEFINES STATUS LARGE SCALE PUBLIC WORKS SUCH AS IRRIGATION CANALS, TEMPLES OF WORSHIP, AND CITIES BEGIN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND PRIESTS TAKE A HIGH PROPORTION OF TAX REVENUE

GOD KINGS AND EMPERORS: 

GOD KINGS AND EMPERORS CONTROL LARGE DOMAINS AND ARE THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS USUALLY DESPOTIC THEOCRACIES EXPAND TERRITORY AGGRESSIVELY IMPOSE EVER MORE ONEROUS TAXES HUGE DISPARITIES IN LIVING STDS WRITING AND NUMBER SYSTEM EMERGES DESPOTISM STRIVES TO BECOME A STABLE ECOSYSTEM INNOVATIONS REPRESSED OR IGNORED IF THEY THREATEN THE STATUS QUO

DESPOTIC ECONOMIES: 

DESPOTIC ECONOMIES DEPEND ON AGRICULTURAL SURPLUS TRADE, COTTAGE INDUSTRY IMPORTANT SLAVE BASED (UP TO 50% SLAVES) TRADITION GOVERNS DISTRIBUTION OF MOST OUTPUT A PLACE FOR EVERYONE, BUT EVERYONE IN THEIR PLACE ROYALTY, PRIESTS, WARRIORS ON TOP POVERTY FOR 90% OR MORE

THE FATE OF DESPOTISMS: 

THE FATE OF DESPOTISMS VERY STABLE AND LONG LASTING THEY FELL TO SUPERIOR EXTERNAL FORCE OR TO INTERNAL DISPUTES AMONG THEIR ELITES INTERNAL DECAY MADE DESPOTS VULNERABLE TO ATTACK (THE FATE OF ROME AFTER 250 AD)

REVOLUTIONS: 

REVOLUTIONS REVOLTS RARELY SUCCEEDED LOWER CLASSES AND EVEN SLAVES LARGELY ACCEPTED THEIR STATUS RIVALRIES AMONG THE ELITES CAUSED THE MOST TROUBLE DESPOTISM’S LOGIC WAS RARELY QUESTIONED

BLOCKED INNOVATION: 

BLOCKED INNOVATION DESPOTISMS DISCOURAGE OR SUPPRESS INNOVATIONS BECAUSE THEY DISRUPT CULTURAL STASIS DESPOTISMS ACCEPT INNOVATIONS ONLY UNDER COMPETITIVE THREAT OTHERWISE INNOVATIONS OCCUR ONLY ON NEW FRONTIERS ABSENT DESPOTIC CONSTRAINTS

NO INCENTIVES: 

NO INCENTIVES LABOR SAVING TECHNOLOGY REDUCES SLAVE-OWNER STATUS MANUAL WORK LIKELY TO LEAD TO INNOVATION HAS LOW STATUS THE INTELLIGENTSIA THUS AVOID SUCH WORK AT ALL COSTS. DESPOTS CAN QUASH INNOVATION AT WILL SO WHY BOTHER?

OVERVIEW OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS: 

OVERVIEW OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS ALL WERE DESPOTISMS AND ALL OF THEM SUPPRESSED OR DISCOURAGED INNOVATION MOST ANCIENT TECHNOLOGY IN PLACE BEFORE THE RISE OF STRONG DESPOTS LITTLE INCREASE IN MATERIAL LIVING STANDARDS FOR NEXT 6,000 YEARS COMPETITION BETWEEN DESPOTS COULD LEAD TO LASTING INNOVATIONS BUT THAT WAS RARE UNTIL AFTER THE FALL OF THE ROME

THE FALL OF ROME: 

OVER EXPANSION OF TERRITORY TOO COSTLY TO MAINTAIN WITHOUT EXCESSIVE TAXATION CORRUPTION AND BRIBES FOLLOW LOSS OF LEGIONS IN GERMANY ROME COULD NO LONGER CONTAIN THE BARBARIAN TRIBES ROME SACKED IN 410 CE THE FALL OF ROME

THE DARK AGES OPENA NEW FRONTIER : 

THE DARK AGES OPEN A NEW FRONTIER MANY OLD CONSTRAINTS VANISH NO CENTRAL DESPOTIC AUTHORITY FEUDAL SYSTEM DECENTRALIZED MANUAL LABOR ENJOYS A NEW STATUS; CRAFTSMEN. MERCHANTS, TAKE CONTROL OF TOWNS THAT HAVE NO SLAVES

ECOLOGICAL RELEASE IN THE FEUDAL ERA: 

ECOLOGICAL RELEASE IN THE FEUDAL ERA OPPORTUNITIES TO INNOVATE OPEN UP FOR CRAFTSMEN IN TOWNS LABOR SAVING DEVICES NOW MORE ACCEPTED BETTER SAILS AND NAVIGATION METHODS OPEN UP NEW ATLANTIC TRADE ROUTES NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR PIRATES

CRUCIAL INNOVATIONS IN THE LATE FEUDAL ERA: 

CRUCIAL INNOVATIONS IN THE LATE FEUDAL ERA CLOCK, COMPASS, AND CANNON PAINTS, CANVAS, AND PERSPECTIVE PAPER, INK, PRINTING, AND MAPS SAILS, SEXTANT, STERN POST RUDDERS AND TELESCOPE MUSKETS, WIND MILLS AND WATER WHEELS

OPENING DISTANT FRONTIERS: 

OPENING DISTANT FRONTIERS THE AGE OF GLOBAL EXPLORATION FROM BETTER SHIPS AND NAVIGATION EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM BEGINS FROM ARTILLERY AND SMALL ARMS PROTESTANT REFORMATION AND THE EMERGENCE OF NATION STATES FROM PRINTING PRESS, VERNACULAR BIBLES AND LITERATURE LITERACY AND MORE EDUCATION

THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHY: 

THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHY EUROPE’S IRREGULAR GEOGRAPHY INHIBITED A NEW CENTRAL POWER COMPETITION BETWEEN DESPOTS FOSTERED EUROPEAN INNOVATION CHINA’S REGULAR GEOGRAPHY MADE CENTRAL CONTROL EASIER CHINA’S DESPOTIC GOVERNMENT INHIBITED CHINESE INNOVATION

EMERGENCE AND EVOLUTION: 

EMERGENCE AND EVOLUTION FROM A COMPETITIVE EUROPE EMERGES A CULTURE OF SELF-ACCELERATING INNOVATION AS INNOVATORS GAIN STATUS IN A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT ONE INNOVATION SPARKS OTHERS MODERN SCIENCE EMERGES MODERN POLITICAL DEMOCRACY EMERGES TO CHALLENGE DESPOTISM

EMERGENCE OF USA AS SOLE SUPERPOWER: 

EMERGENCE OF USA AS SOLE SUPERPOWER AMERICA GAINS INDEPENDENCE ECOLOGICAL RELEASE FROM EUROPE’S POLITICAL TRADITIONS BILL OF RIGHTS FOR FIRST TIME OFFERS MOTIVE AND PROTECTION FOR INNOVATORS/ENTREPRENEURS USA THE “LAND OF OPPORTUNITY” OBLIGATIONS TAKE A BACK SEAT

THE FIRST CRISIS1830-1861: 

THE FIRST CRISIS 1830-1861 THE NORTH VS. THE SOUTH A CLASH OF CULTURES RIGHTS AND OPPORTUNITIES VS HONOR, DUTIES, AND OBLIGATIONS DEMOCRACY VS ARISTOCRACY INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY VS. PLANTATION AGRICULTURE BORN FREE VS SLAVE

THE NORTH WINS: 

THE NORTH WINS RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION RAILROADS, STEEL, OIL, LUMBER USA WORLD’S LARGEST INDUSTRIAL PRODUCER BY 1900 PACE OF INNOVATION PICKS UP TELEGRAPH, TELEPHONES, ELECTRIC LIGHTS AND POWER, ETC.

20TH CENTURY TRANSFORMATIONS: 

20TH CENTURY TRANSFORMATIONS DEMOCRACY VS. DESPOTISM MONARCHIES FALL IN WW I FASCISIM FALLS IN WW II COMMUNISIM FALLS IN COLD WAR OPPORTUNITY VS. OBLIGATION GLOBALIZATION ERUPTS ANEW TRADITION VS. INNOVATION

END OF COLD WAR: 

END OF COLD WAR USA ONLY SUPERPOWER ON ALL FRONTS AT ONCE MILITARY ECONOMIC TECHNOLOGICAL CULTURAL GLOBAL REACH

GLOBALIZATION GOES INTO HIGH GEAR: 

GLOBALIZATION GOES INTO HIGH GEAR WWW EMERGES AS COLD WAR ENDS LIBERAL DEMOCRACIES PLUS MARKET ECONOMIES PLUS ELECTRONIC “GLOBAL VILLAGE” AMERICAN CULTURAL THRUST THE DEMOCRATIZATION OF FINANCE, INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY BACKLASH ENSUES BY TRADITIONAL CULTURES

THE BACKLASH ISSUES: 

THE BACKLASH ISSUES TRADITION AND OBLIGATION GROUP FIRST DUTY TO GROUP ASSIGNED PLACE IN THE HIERARCHY OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY DEFERENCE TO SOCIAL BETTERS RIGHTS AND OPPORTUNITY INDIVIDUAL FIRST PERSONAL RIGHTS COMPETITIVE PLACE IN A FLUID HIERARCHY EGALITARIANISM SOCIAL MOBILITY MERITOCRACY

WHICH SIDE WILL WIN?: 

WHICH SIDE WILL WIN? THE HIGHER TECH SIDE WINS. FARMERS BEAT HUNTERS INUSTRY BEAT FARMERS DEMOCRACY BEATS DESPOTISM SINCE FOCUS ON INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS ELICITS MORE INNOVATIIONS THAN DOES FOCUS ON SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS. DESPOTISM CAN APPLY HIGH TECH WELL BUT IS SLOW TO INNOVATE.

WHAT ABOUT THE GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM?: 

WHAT ABOUT THE GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM? WE NOW CONSUME ABOUT 100,000 TIMES AS MUCH AS 10 KYA MOST OF THAT GROWTH HAS COME IN JUST THE LAST 50 YEARS AS POPULATION TRIPLED AND PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION UP 50% IMMENSE DAMAGE TO ECOSYSTEMS BOTH LOCAL AND GLOBAL

IS THIS GROWTH POTENTIALLY FATAL?: 

IS THIS GROWTH POTENTIALLY FATAL? YES AND NO TECHNOLOGY HAS CREATED MUCH POLLUTION BUT TECHNOLOGY HAS ALSO TAKEN MUCH OF IT AWAY BOTTOM LINE THE FUTURE IS OPEN DEPENDING ON WHAT WE DO OR DON’T DO

THE CASE FOR CONTINUING TECHNOLGY: 

THE CASE FOR CONTINUING TECHNOLGY AS STANDARDS OF LIVING RISE THE BIRTH RATE TENDS TO FALL AND THE RICH WILLINGLY SPEND MORE ON PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT THAN DO THE POOR. THE RICH NOW PROCESS INFORMATION MORE THAN RAW MATERIALS ENERGY USE PER UNIT OF OUTPUT HAS DROPPED STEADILY.SINCE 1970 NEED TO DEFEND AGAINST ASTEROIDS

THE CASE AGAINST FREEDOM TO INNOVATE TECHNOLOGY: 

THE CASE AGAINST FREEDOM TO INNOVATE TECHNOLOGY BIO-TECH RAISES SOME SERIOUS QUESTIONS ABOUT LIFE ITSELF SPECTRE OF AN UNPREDICTABLE EMERGENCE OF AN ECOSYSTEM CRASH WHEN WE COMBINE NEW TECHNOLOGIES L0W PROBABILITY (WE HOPE) OF A FATAL ASTEROID HIT.

A FORESEEABLE DISASTER: 

A FORESEEABLE DISASTER NEW ICE AGE FROM GLOBAL WARMING AS MELTING ICE IN GREENLAND SHIFTS GULF STREAM DOWNWELLING SOUTH THIS COULD COME ABRUPTLY SHIFTING EUROPE’S WARM CLIMATE TO THE THAT OF COLDER CANADA IN 3 OR 4 YEARS FOOD PRODUCTION WOULD THEN FALL BY (+-) 80% WITH MASS STARVATION

CAN TECHNOLOGY BE STOPPED?: 

CAN TECHNOLOGY BE STOPPED? THE HISTORICAL RECORD INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM AND RIGHTS IS THE SOCIAL ENGINE OF INNOVATION DESPOTISMS ADOPT INNOVATIONS UNDER COMPETITIVE THREAT FROM RIVALS BUT WITHOUT RIVALS THEY TEND TO SUPPRESS INNOVATIONS IS A DESPOTIC WLD. GOVT. NEEDED?

PRECONDITIONS FOR DESPOTIC WORLD GOVT.: 

PRECONDITIONS FOR DESPOTIC WORLD GOVT. A HUGE (ECOLOGICAL?) CRISIS THAT THREATENS LIFE AS WE KNOW IT. A WORLD-WIDE AWAKENING EQUATING SPIRITUAL RECTITUDE WITH PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT AND MAINTAINING ECOSYSTEM STABILITY A NEW SOCIETY OF SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS EMERGES TO PRESERVE ECOLOGY INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM EQUATED WITH DANGEROUS AND SELFISH LICENSE

SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESULTS: 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESULTS ECONOMIC GROWTH SHUTS DOWN MASSIVE UNEMPLOYMENT UNDER FREE MARKET CONDITIONS COERCED LABOR REEMERGES TO WORK AT “REMEDIATION” OF THE ENVIRONMENT AT “SLAVE” WAGES SOCIAL STRATIFICATION EMERGES THAT DEPRECIATES INNOVATION PLATO’S PHILOSOPHER KINGS REGAIN THEIR PLACE AT THE TOP. CULTURAL EVOLUATION COMES INTO STASIS

ECOLOGICAL RESULTS: 

ECOLOGICAL RESULTS KNOWN ADVERSE IMPACT OF HUMANS ON THE ECOSYSTEM SLOW SHARPLY REMEDIATION OF PAST DAMAGE POSSIBLE UNPREDICTABLE EXTERNAL DISRUPTIONS CAN CREATE NEW FROCA EFFECTS