The Wonderful World of : The Wonderful World of Plants


Kingdom Plantae: Kingdom Plantae To be able to survive on land, plants had to: Absorb nutrients from their environment Prevent water loss Reproduce without water


Kingdom Plantae: Kingdom Plantae Dominant group of organisms on land Very diverse– Range from 2mm across to more than 100 m tall.


I. Plant Groups: I. Plant Groups Non-Vascular Plants- 1. Characteristics: a. do not have true roots, stems, and leaves b. do not have a vascular system for transporting water and nutrients c. small in size and simple; obtain water through osmosis and nutrients through diffusion d. require water for reproduction; sperm swim to egg; visible spore sacs


I. Plant Groups: I. Plant Groups Non-Vascular Plants- Types: Mosses (Bryophyta) Liverworts (Hepatophyta) Hornworts (Anthocerophyt)


Bryophytes : Bryophytes LIVERWORT MOSS


Bryophytes : Bryophytes HORNWORT MOSS


Non vascular plants: Non vascular plants Bryophytes are nonvascular plants. They are low-growing. They have no true roots, stems or leaves. They reproduce only with a film of water that allows the sperm to swim to the eggs. They do not contain tissues like veins to carry water or nutrients to different parts of the plant.


Slide11: None-- non-vascular Asexual (spores) & sexual (egg & sperm) Wet, moist No roots, stems or leaves. Sperm swim to eggs. Nutrients by diffusion.


I. Plant Groups: I. Plant Groups B. Vascular Plants- Characteristics *contain vascular tissue: xylem- transports water from the roots to the leaves phloem-transports food from the leaves to all parts of the plant. Roots- to support and anchor the plant, to absorb water and minerals, and to store food. Stems- with special tissue to transport water and food, and to hold up the leaves. Leaves- for photosynthesis.


I. Plant Groups: I. Plant Groups Vascular Plants- Types- a. Ferns (Pterophytes) b. Conifers (Gymnosperm) c. Flowering Plants (Angiosperm)


Ferns: Ferns Ferns are vascular plants with leaves called fronds. It produces spores, not seeds It requires a moist environment for reproduction. Sporangia are formed on the underside of fronds to hold the spores.


Slide15: Yes--Vascular Asexual (spores) & sexual (egg & sperm) Wet, moist True roots, stems & leaves (fronds). Sperm swim to eggs.


Gymnosperm (“Naked Seeds”): Gymnosperm (“Naked Seeds”) This group includes conifers, cycads and gingkos. These are vascular plants that do not produce flowers or fruit. Seeds are produced on cones or scales. Most are wind pollinated.


Slide17: Gymnosperm-Conifers


Slide18: Gymnosperm- Cycads


Slide19: Gymnosperm- Gingkos


Slide20: Yes--Vascular Sexual—female cone w/ eggs; male cone w/ pollen (sperm) Dry land, wind pollinated True roots, stems & leaves (scaly, needle-like leaves) & cones.


Angiosperms - Flowering Plants: Angiosperms - Flowering Plants


Angiosperms - Two Groups: Angiosperms - Two Groups Monocots One cotyledon (seed leaf) Fibrous root system Parallel veined leaves Multiples of 3 for flower petals & stamen Vascular bundles are scattered in the stem Dicots Two cotyledons (seed leaves) Taproot system Branched leaf veins Multiples of 4 or 5 for flower petals & stamen Vascular bundles in a ring


Slide23: Angiosperms - Two Groups


Monocots: Monocots Grasses and tulips are examples. Flowers will have multiple of 3 for petals. However, some flowers have no petals. Many are spring flowers, often with bulbs. Day Flower Corn Lilly Rice


Dicots: Dicots Dicots are the flowers we usually recognize. These are bushes, deciduous trees, fruit trees, vines and many edible plants. Stems are often woody. Rose Tomato Dogwood Oak


Slide26: Yes--Vascular Sexual. Flower contains sperm (stamen) & egg (pistil) Dry land, insect pollinated True roots, stems & leaves. Flowers & Fruits. Vascular Tissue Root System Seed Parts Petals Venation (veins) Scattered Arrangement Ringed Arrangement Fibrous Tap 1 cotyledon 2 cotyledons In 3’s In 4’s or 5’s Parallel Branched


Gymsosperm Seeds vs. Angiosperm Seeds : Gymsosperm Seeds vs. Angiosperm Seeds


Angiosperms - Most successful plant type because flowers are fertilized without water. . . : Angiosperms - Most successful plant type because flowers are fertilized without water. . .


. . . and Angiosperms often have close relationships with their pollinators. : . . . and Angiosperms often have close relationships with their pollinators. Most angiosperms use some type of animal to pollinate it. Often demonstrate mutualism in these relationships. Bees and flowers, ants and flowers, birds and flowering trees are just a few examples.


Kingdom Plantae: Kingdom Plantae


The End: The End