Medieval Africa

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By: jotavebe (25 month(s) ago)

Hi, my name is J. Branco, I´m a School Librarian in Faro, Portugal, and I would like very much to be able to download your PowerPoint to show it to my african to my students/users. Thank you in advance. My mail is: joaovieirabranco@gmail.com or jbranco@aescse.pt.

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Medieval Africa: 

Medieval Africa Addressing the California Seventh-Grade Standards Laura J. Mitchell History Department, UCI mitchell@uci.edu

From Human Origins to Complex Societies: 

From Human Origins to Complex Societies Domestication of livestock +/- 10,000 ybp Domestication of agriculture (crops) +/- 8,000 ybp Iron working technologies +/- 4,500 ybp Increasing population concentration

Major Social/Linguistic Groups: 

Khoisan Nilo-Saharan Afro-Asiatic Niger-Congo Afro-Asiatic Major Social/Linguistic Groups Khoisan (Bushmen; !Kung) Niger-Congo (Bantu) Nilo-Saharan (Masaai) Afro-Asiatic (Ethiopian, Berber)

Khoisan Tradition: 

Khoisan Tradition Gathering and hunting economies Small, nomadic groups Small, round houses No hereditary leadership Music & dance: single rhythmic beat Stringed instruments; emphasize dance footwork Rock art Trance dancing Non-theistic beliefs [!Kung, /Xam, Nama]

Afro-Asiatic Tradition: 

Afro-Asiatic Tradition Earliest wild grain collectors Clan-based communities Clan diety worship Rectangular houses; flat or sloping roof Music: single melody & rhythm Stringed instruments; no drums Dance: swaying body; various footwork [Ethiopian, Berber]

Nilo-Saharan Tradition: 

Nilo-Saharan Tradition Fishing in addition to hunting & gathering Stone blades and spears Non-theistic beliefs [Masaai]

Niger-Congo Tradition: 

Niger-Congo Tradition Fishing technology; yam cultivation Hook and line; baskets Clan based; matrilineal Hereditary clan chief Compact village; rectangular houses Skilled crafts: weaving, pottery, wood carving Music and dance Percussion, polyrhythmic Polytheistic religion [Bantu: Mande, Swahili, Zulu]

Bantu Migration: 

Bantu Migration Bantu language family Niger-Congo tradition Hypothesis of population movement based on linguistics

Examples of Early State Formation: 

Examples of Early State Formation Pharaonic Egypt Nubia Aksum Djenne-Jeno

Slide15: 

Nubia Pharaonic Egypt Aksum Djenne-Jeno

Nubia: 

Nubia Kush 730 BC conquered Egypt Napata 600 BC retreat from Egypt Assyrian armies conquered Egypt Meroe 300 BC to +/- 100 AD Technology migration @ collapse?

Aksum 200 BC-800 AD: 

Aksum 200 BC-800 AD Written language: Ge’ez Stone construction stelae Centralized power Hierarchical society Plants: ‘tef, ensete, coffee Trade: port of Adulis Afro-Asiatic Tradition

Djenne-Jeno 200 BC - 1400 AD: 

Djenne-Jeno 200 BC - 1400 AD Ancient City Complex society Trade & Agriculture Pre-Islamic Niger-Congo Tradition

Djenne-Jeno 200 BC - 1400 AD: 

Djenne-Jeno 200 BC - 1400 AD 1600 years of occupation Indigenous growth of trade Social complexity Economic specialization Not coercive/centralized Mande speakers Niger-Congo Tradition

Elements of Civilizations (Based on European Assumptions): 

Elements of Civilizations (Based on European Assumptions) Plough Grain surplus/storage Literacy Complexification v. Centralization Economic specialization African examples challenge these assumptions in significant ways!

Environmental Factors: 

Environmental Factors Water River floods Source of wood/fuel Especially for iron smelting Tropical locations Disease implications

Rise of Cities: 

Rise of Cities Social stratification What kind? What classes? Trade What goods? What trading partners? Ideology religion Art & Architecture Cities v. Citadels