chap12sp06 groups day 3

Slide1: 

Groups

Why Do People Belong To Groups? : 

Why Do People Belong To Groups? Goal #1: Get Things Done Goal #2: Make Accurate Decisions Goal #3: Gain Positions of Leadership

Goal #2Making Accurate Decisions: 

Goal #2 Making Accurate Decisions

Discussion and Decision Making: 

Discussion and Decision Making Group polarization - Group discussion leads members to polarize their decisions They become more extreme. Making Accurate Decisions

Discussion and Decision Making: 

Discussion and Decision Making Group polarization - Imagine you were considering the pros and cons of going to Bullwinkels, and you talked it over with two groups: Your fellow students: who were initially slightly favorable about the idea Your family members: who were initially slightly opposed to the idea After discussion within each group Making Accurate Decisions

Slide6: 

Attitude Towards Grad School Unsure Definite GO Before Group Discussion Definite NO (Stay home!) After Group Discussion

Discussion and Decision Making: 

Discussion and Decision Making Why do groups polarize after discussion? Social comparison: when members realize the group is leaning in one direction, they may seek acceptance by moving further in that direction. Sense of security: There is power & safety in numbers, and members feel invulnerable Making Accurate Decisions

Groupthink -: 

Groupthink - desire among group members to get along and agree more than to generate and best decision. Can cause groups to make bad decisions. Don’t generate or critically evaluate different perspectives Making Accurate Decisions

Goal #3Gaining Positions of Leadership: 

Goal #3 Gaining Positions of Leadership

What makes a good leader?: 

Knowledge Confidence Investment Social skills ‘The look’ What makes a good leader? Gaining Positions of Leadership

The Case of Jennifer Portnick: 

41-year-old San Francisco woman sought employment as a Jazzercise Instructor Denied employment because she weighed 240 pounds (not the proper image for fitness instructor) Filed a civil suit (later dropped) The Case of Jennifer Portnick Gaining Positions of Leadership

CEOs: 

CEOs Half of companies on Fortune 500 polled about height of their CEOs On average, male CEO were 3 inches taller than the average man

Bartenders and Waitresses: 

Bartenders and Waitresses Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa bans these workers from gaining more than 7% of their body weight (125 lb. woman can’t gain more than 8.75 lbs) 90-day unpaid suspension, and if they don’t lose the weight, may be fired

What makes a good leader?: 

Men more interested in power, leadership, and self-realization Men are better at influencing and controlling others Women more interested in quality of life and relationships between people Women are better at helping people connect and get along What makes a good leader? Gaining Positions of Leadership

Gender and Leadership: 

Gender and Leadership Across 74 organizational studies and 22 laboratory studies comparing men and women in leadership roles. The average difference in leadership effectiveness was zero. Gaining Positions of Leadership Which ability is more important?

Gender and Leadership: 

Researchers then coded whether jobs were consistent with female role (e.g., grade-school principal) or male role (e.g., drill sergeant). Women more effective in “female” (relationship-oriented) jobs. Men more effective in “male” jobs. Gaining Positions of Leadership Gender and Leadership

When are Leaders Effective?: 

When are Leaders Effective? The best leadership style may depend on the task at hand. Workers in conventional occupations (e.g., accountants) respond well to task-oriented and authoritative leadership. Other occupations (e.g., professors) prefer to manage themselves Gaining Positions of Leadership

When are Leaders Effective?: 

When are Leaders Effective? In one study, a leader was assigned to oversee a group project Groups were assigned leaders who were either: Autocratic - told group members what to do and when to do it Democratic - encouraged the group to set & meet its own goals

When are Leaders Effective?: 

When are Leaders Effective? Researchers recorded the time students spent working on the task when the leader was: Present, or Absent Gaining Positions of Leadership

Slide20: 

When the leader was present to supervise them, groups with autocratic leaders worked harder. 100 50 0 Leader Present Percentage of Time Working on Task Autocratic leader Democratic leader

Slide21: 

But when the leader was absent, groups with an autocratic leader decreased their efforts considerably. 100 50 0 Leader Present Percentage of Time Working on Task Autocratic leader Democratic leader Leader Absent