2 a

Unit 2 Section ACharlieChaplin: 

Unit 2 Section A Charlie Chaplin

A. Questions of Passage: 

A. Questions of Passage 1. What disadvantages did Chaplin face early in his life and how did these perhaps help him later? 2. When it came to relationships, what main problem did his have in personality and what results did this bring in? 3. What important role did Oona O’Neill play in his life?

B. Background Information: 

B. Background Information 1. Charlie Chaplin: Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 16th April 1889 in Walworth, London, and lived a Dickensian childhood, shared with his brother, Sydney, that included extreme poverty, workhouses and seeing his mother's mental decline put her into an institution.

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Both his parents, though separated when he was very young, were music hall artists, his father quite famously so. But it was his mother that Charlie idolized and was inspired by during his visit of the backstage while she performed, to take up such a career for himself.

All his life : 

All his life 1889.4.16-------born in a music artists 1906 (year 17)----joined into Carlno theatrical company and performed in America as a comedian Later in Hollywood-----began his film career and always acted as unimportant people;his famous voiceless films included The Light of City, The Gold Rush,The Modern Time,The Great Dictator. (produced,edited,directed,acted by himself, ) After World War Second----he was famous in circle of film. He was persecuted(迫害) for the tendency of Maxism by McCarthyism(麦卡锡主义) and forced to move to Switzerland 1964----published his autobiography 1972----retuned back to America and awarded Special Oscar 1975-----awarded as Title of Knight by Britain Government 1977------died at home of Switzerland during the Christmas

Primary School of Kennington Road when Charlie Chaplin was half past seven: 

Primary School of Kennington Road when Charlie Chaplin was half past seven

In the film The Modern Time: 

In the film The Modern Time

In the film The Great Dictatoracted as Hitler: 

In the film The Great Dictator acted as Hitler

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2. Dickens: Charles Dickens, 1812—1870, an English novelist, considered by many to be the greatest one of all. His many famous books describe life in Victorian England and show how hard it was, especially for the poor and for children. They include The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Great Expectations and A Tale of Two Cities.

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3. Hollywood: an area of Los Angeles which is known as the center of the American film industry. In terms of geography, Hollywood refers to an area consisting of the City of West Hollywood and its vicinity that form part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. You can take a look at for an interesting guide and virtual tour of Hollywood movie studios. It is generally thought that everyone living in Hollywood is extremely rich, famous, and concerned with appearances but in fact many parts of Hollywood today are poor, dirty and badly cared for.

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4. Mack Sennett: (1880—1960) US film producer, born in Richmond, Quebec. He worked in the theatre as a comic in burlesque companies, and from 1908 in silent films. He later formed his own company and hundreds of shorts, establishing a whole generation of players and a tradition of knockabout slapstick under the name of Keystone Komics (1912), and later the Sennett Bathing Beauties (1920). He received a Special Academy Award in 1937.

C. Structure of the Passage: 

C. Structure of the Passage

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In this reading passage the author introduces us a famous figure — Charlie Chaplin from different aspects: the introduction & his professional success & his emotional life & the end of his life story.

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1. The first part of the passage is made up of Paragraphs 1 and 2, which is the general introduction to Charlie Chaplin. 2. The second part consists of 4 paragraphs, from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6. This part is about Charlie Chaplin’s professional success. The 4 paragraphs deal with Chaplin’s success from his famous comedy The Tramp, to sound movies and his secrets in making successful comedies.

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3. The third part is made up of 2 paragraphs, which are about his personal or emotional life. Chaplin’s emotional collision resulted in personal disaster in his early marriages but in his later years he found stability and affection in Oona O’Neill Chaplin, who gave him the love he needed. 4. The last part is Paragraph 9. After his death, his dead body was once stolen and the incident is taken as a memorial to the great comic of world fame.

D. Language Points: 

D. Language Points

Core Words: 

Core Words applause scout revolt coarse behave extend rouse execute correspond betray collision relief spark

Phrases & Expressions: 

Phrases & Expressions cut down might have + v.-ed for good trip up come down in the world find one’s way into

applause: 

applause applause: n. the noise made by a group of people clapping their hands and sometimes shouting to show their approval or enjoyment The band got a big round of applause at the end of the concert. 音乐会结束后，乐队赢得了全场的掌声。 The audience broke into thunderous applause. 观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 compare: applaud: v. 1) show approval or enjoyment of ( a play, actor, performer, etc.), esp. by striking one's hands together He started to applaud and the others joined in. 他带头开始鼓掌，其他人也加入进来。 The conference rose to applaud the speaker. 与会人员起身为发表讲话的人鼓掌。 She was applauded as she came on stage. 她一上台观众即报以掌声。 2) express strong approval of ( a person, idea, etc.) applaud her for having the courage to refuse. 我赞赏她敢于拒绝的勇气。

scout: 

scout 1.[C] a person employed to look for people with particular skills, esp. in sport or entertainment 被雇用来物色（运动员、演员等）人才的人员；猎头，星探 He was spotted by a scout at the age of 13. 他在13岁那年就被猎头给盯上了。 2. [C] a person, esp. a soldier, sent out to get information about where the enemy are and what they are doing 侦察员 The scout reported that there was trouble on the road ahead. 侦察员报告说前面路上有麻烦。 He sent four scouts ahead to take a look at the bridge. 他派了四名侦察员到前面去察看那座大桥的情况。

revolt: 

revolt revolt: v. 1) (against) take violent action against the people in power Finally the people revolted against the military dictatorship. 人民终于起来反抗军事独裁。 2) reject the authority of a person or reject sth.; make (sb.) feel unpleasantly shocked or disgusted She revolted against her ballet training at sixteen. 她16岁的时候开始拒绝练芭蕾。 We were revolted by the dirt and mess in her house. 她的房子又脏又乱，引起了我们的反感。 It revolts me to know that the world spends so much money on arms, yet millions of people are dying of hunger. 全世界在武器上花费了这么多钱，而数以百万计的人却快要饿死了，这使我很反感。 n. the action or state of protesting against or resisting authority They seized the power in a revolt. 他们在一次起义中夺得了政权。 The army has put down the revolt. 军队已平息了叛乱。

coarse: 

coarse coarse: a. 1) rude and offensive, esp. about sex coarse manners 粗鲁的举止 coarse language 粗俗的语言 I couldn‘t understand his coarse speech.我听不懂他粗俗的讲话。 She was very polite and, like the rest of her people, never laughed if an outsider said something coarse. 她很有礼貌，像她的家人一样，听到外人说粗话时，从来不笑。 2) (of skin or fabric) rough; not soft a jacket made of very coarse cloth 用粗布做的夹克 a beach of coarse sand 粗沙的海滩 Coarse sand cannot be used for this purpose, because it soon enlarges the hole through which it flows. 因为粗沙会很快使得其流过的洞变大，所以不能用于此目的。 There was no food but coarse grass and even the grass was mixed with bitter rushes. 除了粗糙的草之外没有一点食物，甚至连草中都掺杂着苦涩的灯心草。

behave: 

behave behave v. 1) act in a particular way, or be good by acting in a way which has society's approval Watch how other people behave; remember everything is useful to the actor. 观察别人的表现，记住：对于演员，所有一切都是有用的。 She always behaves well / badly when her aunts come to visit. 她阿姨来做客时，她总是表现良好/很差。 You must behave (yourself) at the party! 在晚会上你得规矩些。 2) (of a machine or natural phenomenon) work or function in a special way My car has been behaving well since it was repaired. 我的汽车自从修理过以后一直运行正常。

extend: 

extend extend: v. 1) make sth. longer or larger, or last longer There are plans to extend the no-smoking area. 有计划要扩大禁烟区域。 The show has been extended for another six weeks. 这个演出又延长了六周。 Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car by several years. 细心保养可使车的使用寿命延长好几年。

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2) stretch part of your body, esp. an arm or a leg, away from yourself He extended his hand to the new employee. 他向新来的雇员伸出手去。 He extended his arms in front of him as if he were praying to God. 他向前伸出双臂, 好像在向上帝祷告求助。 3) make sb. / sth. use all their effort, abilities, supplies, etc. Jim didn‘t really have to extend himself in the exam. 对于那次考试吉姆真的不必尽全力。 Hospitals were already fully extended because of the epidemic. 由于疾病流行，医院已尽了全力。

rouse: 

rouse rouse: v. 1) make sb. feel a particular emotion I don‘t want to rouse any suspicions. 我不想引起任何怀疑。 Tom drew a breath, determined that he would not rouse her to anger. 汤姆吸了一口气，决定不去激怒她。 2) (formal) wake sb. up, esp. when they are sleeping deeply The telephone roused me from my sleep at 6 a.m. 电话声在6点钟时把我从睡梦中唤醒。 He roused himself with an effort, sniffed and shook his head vigorously. 他用力吸气、摇头，努力想让自己清醒过来。

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3) make sb. want to start doing sth. when they were not active or interested in doing it A lot of people were roused to action by the appeal. 在这个呼吁下很多人行动了起来。 She hardly knew what she was saying; only that she must somehow rouse him to movement. 她几乎不知道自己说了些什么，只知道必须想办法激励他行动起来。

execute: 

execute execute: v. 1) do a piece of work, perform a duty, put a plan into action, etc. The crime was very cleverly executed. 此次犯罪实施得非常巧妙。 The King commanded them to execute the laws with renewed vigour. 国王命令他们以全新的热情来执行这个法律。 Check that the computer has executed your commands. 检查一下以确保计算机执行了你的命令。 Even if it failed, the attempted takeover was remarkably well planned and executed. 即使失败了，这次夺权企图也是经过精心策划后实施的。

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2) kill sb., esp. as a legal punishment Prisoners are reported to have been deliberately executed without trial. 据报道，罪犯未经审判即被蓄意处决。 A number of the officers arrested were executed almost immediately. 许多军官被捕后几乎立即就被处死。

correspond: 

correspond corresponding: a. (to) matching or connected with sth. that one has just mentioned A change in the money supply brings a corresponding change in expenditure. 货币供应量的变化相应带来了支出的变化。 Profits have risen by 15 per cent compared with the corresponding period last year. 与去年同期相比利润上升了15%。 All rights carry with them corresponding responsibilities. 所有的权利都带有相应的义务。

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correspond: v. 1) (to / with) be the same as or match sth. Information on page 60 corresponds with the totals taken from Page 11. 第60 页上的信息与第11页上的总数相符。 Your account of events does not correspond with hers. 你对这件事的描述与她的描述不符。 This image clearly does not correspond with the material presented so far in this chapter. 这一图像显然与本章到目前为止提供的材料不一致。 It is difficult to find examples to correspond with the American experience in England. 很难找到与美国人在英国的经历相似的例子。

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2) (with) (formal) write letters to sb. and receive letters from them Mr. Brown said he had corresponded with Mr. Smith and asked why he had become involved in debates on transplants. 布朗先生说他给史密斯先生写过信，问他为什么会卷入有关移植问题的辩论中。 They corresponded regularly while he was away, although her mother had forbidden it. 他走后他们保持着定期的通信联系，尽管她母亲禁止她这样做。 One of Mr. Thomas's conditions was that Edward and Helen should not correspond when he left for Oxford. 托马斯先生提出的条件之一就是赴牛津后爱德华和海伦不许通信。

betray: 

betray betray: v. 1) not be loyal to one's country or a person who thinks he or she loves or supports them, often by doing sth. Harmful He was accused of betraying his country during the war.他被指控在战争期间背叛祖国。 He promised never to betray her.他答应永不抛弃她。 She felt betrayed by her mother because she couldn't talk to her about her problems. 她觉得母亲背弃了她，因为她根本无法和她商量问题。 2) show (feelings, thoughts or a particular characteristic) without intending to If she is nervous on stage, she does not betray it. 即使她表演时十分紧张也不会表露出来。 Although she often seems quite cold and harsh, her smiling eyes betray her true nature. 虽然她看上去总是冷漠而刻薄，但她微笑的双眼流露出其本性。

collision: 

collision collision: n. 1) a strong disagreement between two people or between opposing ideas, opinions,etc. In his works we see the collision of two different traditions. 从他的著作中我们可以看出两种不同传统之间的碰撞。 The play represents the collision of three generations. 这出戏表现了三代人之间的矛盾冲突。 2）an accident in which two vehicles or people crash into each other Stewart was injured in a collision with another player. 斯图尔特在和另一名选手的碰撞中受伤了。 His car was in collision with a motorbike. 他的车和一辆摩托车相撞。 Wind and ice were blamed for the collision involving up to 12 vehicles. 那起多达12辆车的相撞事故是由大风和地面结冰引起的。

relief: 

relief relief: n. 1) the feeling that results from the easing or removing of pain, distress or anxiety We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left. 他离开的时候我们都松了一口气。 Much to my relief the car was not damaged. 让我感到欣慰的是，汽车没有受损。 2) (from / of) the act of removing or reducing pain, anxiety, etc. Freezing sprays give immediate relief and help reduce swelling. 冷冻喷雾可以迅速缓解疼痛并有助于消肿。 Massage can bring some relief from tension. 按摩可以缓解压力。

spark: 

spark spark: v. (off) cause sth. to start or develop, esp. suddenly The proposal would spark a storm of protest around the country. 这个提议会引起全国范围的抗议浪潮。 The riots were sparked off by the arrest of a local leader. 这次暴乱是由一个地方领导人的被捕引起的。 Winds brought down power lines, sparking a fire. 风把电线吹断, 引起了火灾。 The organizers are hoping to spark some interest in young people. 组织者希望能激起年轻人的兴趣。

cut down: 

cut down cut down: reduce the size of (sth. such as clothing, writing, etc.) (衣服、文章等)改小，改短 e.g. We need to cut the article down to 1,000 words. 我们需要把文章缩短到1,000字。 I could cut your father's trousers down for the boy. 我可以把你父亲的裤子改短给这男孩穿。

might have + V-ed: 

might have + V-ed might have + V-ed: used to say that sth. was possible in the past, but we know that it did not in fact happen e.g. The plan might easily have gone wrong, but in fact it was a great success. 这计划可能会很容易失败的，可是事实上大大成功了。 If we'd played better, we might have won. 如果我们当时打得好一些，我们也许会赢的。 They might have chosen anyone for the job, but they picked me. 他们也许可以选择其他任何人做这工作，可是他们选择了我。

for good: 

for good for good: permanently; for ever 永久地 e.g. This time she's leaving for good. 这一次她将是永远地离开了。 The days of happiness had gone for good. 那些快乐的时光已经永远地过去了

trip up: 

trip up trip up: (cause to) catch one's foot and lose one's balance 绊，绊倒 e.g. Be careful you don't trip up on the step.小心不要在台阶上绊倒。 He was tripped up by a passer-by. 他被一个过路的人绊倒了。

come down in the world: 

come down in the world come down in the world: be reduced to a humbler standard of living or social level落魄，潦倒，失势 He was once wealthy, but now he has come down in the world. 他过去很富有，但如今已经落魄了。 He has come down in the world since he started gambling. 他自开始赌博以来就变得穷困潦倒了。

find one’s way into: 

find one’s way into find one’s way into: arrive or get somewhere after some time 来到（某处），进入 Computers have found their way into most ordinary families. 计算机已经进入大部分普通家庭。 He eventually found his way into acting. 他终于进入了演艺界。