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ANCIENT GREEK CULTURE: ANCIENT GREEK CULTURE
HUMANISM: HUMANISM end (for a while) of god-kings
“Man is the measure of all things” – Protagoras (p. 61 box)
plenty of gods but no sacred text or dogma
art reveals a delight in the human form
amphora ca. 530 B.C.; Archaic Attributed to the Euphiletos Painter Greek Terracotta; H. 24 1/2 in. : amphora ca. 530 B.C.; Archaic Attributed to the Euphiletos Painter Greek Terracotta; H. 24 1/2 in. Human figures as decoration Black-figure technique (not in textbook)
Slide4: SEE TEXT p. 46 Red-on-black
Three periods: Three periods Archaic (650-490 BC)
Classical (480-323 BC)
Hellenistic (323-145 BC) about 500 years in all
Archaic: Archaic epic and lyric poetry
evolution and change in works such as in terracotta from black figure to red figure
Pythagoras
Classical (480-323 BC): Classical (480-323 BC) Plato, Aristotle
Theater – comedy & tragedy Sophocles (p. 59): Oedipus Rex, Antigone (play titles) about 150 years
Golden Age: Golden Age 480-404 BC (or 480-430 BC)
Beginning of Classical Period
76 years! (or only 50)
of demos (people) kratos (power)
Democracy! (Also an Imperial era)
Hellenistic (323-145 BC): Hellenistic (323-145 BC) Works more dramatic
First to look back on “the good ol’ days” – Classical Greece
Alexander’s empire
Other philosophies: Skepticism, Epicureanism, Stoicism
doesn’t really end in 145 BC; continues while attention shifts to Rome, which invades Greece in 145 BC
Change in Greek sculpture: Change in Greek sculpture An illustration of the 3 periods
kouros: kouros Kouros monumental sculpture of human (6 ft.) Text p. 47 KEY IMAGE
What is a kouros?: What is a kouros? free-standing nude MALE youth. MALE = IDEAL
sculpture would be outside a temple or serve as a grave-marker
possibly a god, but usually a human athlete
rigid symmetry from Egyptian roots
"stylized geometry" note – the term is singular
kore: Kore - female kore Text p. 47
The Archaic Smile: The Archaic Smile Text p. 47
The first evidence of change in sculpture: The first evidence of change in sculpture Kritios boy
No Archaic smile
New idea . . . Contrapposto (weight shift; literally, “placed opposite”)
Idealized form - perfection
Kritios boy: Kritios boy Ideal proportions? CLASSICAL TEXT p. 56 KEY IMAGE
Vitruvius: Principles of Symmetry (Roman, c. 30 BC): Vitruvius: Principles of Symmetry (Roman, c. 30 BC) Probably based on writings of Polycleitus (Classical Greek)
open hand = chin to top of hairline = 1/10 of entire body height head from chin to top = 1/8 middle of the breast to top of head = ¼ bottom of chin to nostrils = nose to eyebrow = 1/3 of face length of the foot = 1/6 of body height forearm = breadth of the breast = 1/4
Leonardo da Vinci, Proportional study of a man in the manner of Vitruvius: Leonardo da Vinci, Proportional study of a man in the manner of Vitruvius TEXTBOOK
p. 190
Poseidon/Zeus ?: dynamic pose! bronze Poseidon/Zeus ?
Discobolus : Discobolus Discus Thrower (Discobolus)
by Myron
Text p. 57
Hermes and Dionysis: S-curve Hermes and Dionysis Text p. 55
Riace Warrior: Riace Warrior
TEXT
p. 56-57
Laocoön and his two sons (lay ahk a wan) : HELLENISTIC
- dramatic!
c. 150 BC Laocoön and his two sons (lay ahk a wan) KEY IMAGE p. 66
More Hellenistic examples: More Hellenistic examples p. 66 Copy after bronze original
More Hellenistic examples: More Hellenistic examples Copy after bronze original
More Hellenistic examples – Athena Slaying Giant, Pergamon, c, 180 BC: More Hellenistic examples – Athena Slaying Giant, Pergamon, c, 180 BC p. 65
More Hellenistic examples: More Hellenistic examples p. 65