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See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Electronic Commerce & Agents: Electronic Commerce & Agents Frank Dignum Utrecht University dignum@cs.uu.nlOverview: Overview Historical overview Definition of Electronic Commerce (EC) Examples of EC Electronic markets and auctions Agents The role(s) of agents in EC ConclusionsHistorical perspective: Historical perspective (Big) calculators Central databases distributed information and word processing client/server connected databases support of (administrative) internal processes (WFMS)Historical perspective: Historical perspective Support of internal communication (groupware) Knowledge management Support of external communication (Internet & WWW) Support of external processes (Electronic commerce)Definition (?): Definition (?) Electronic Commerce is: Any form of business transaction in which the parties interact electronically rather than by physical exchanges or direct physical contactCommerce: Commerce Information exchange Product/service/… exchangeInformation exchange: Information exchange Partner/product search negotiation, market, auction contract contract fulfilment (directives) legal information etc.Product/service exchange: Product/service exchange (micro-)payment (intangible) product logistics of products and services subscription mechanismsStages of Business Transactions: Stages of Business Transactions Support for stages: Support for stages Slide11: 12/22 business business Consumer Public agencies EC Applications: EC Applications Supply chain management Home shopping Remote banking On-line marketing and advertising Distant learning Procurement and purchasing Video on demandExamples of EC (B-C): Examples of EC (B-C) Retail Internet bookshop CDNow Shopping malls Auctions Collective buyingItem watching at e-bay now: Item watching at e-bay nowExamples of EC (B-C): Examples of EC (B-C) Finance ESI (stock market) Electronic bankingPublishing: PublishingExamples of EC (B-B) : Examples of EC (B-B) Business to business support Maxtrad (business information) MEMO (Mediating and Monitoring EC) Secure contracts (ICC) Bolero (electronic document support) Markets Automotive industry (collective buying) Retail world Insurance private exchange of virtual products Role of institutions: Role of institutions Facilitate the transactions Provide efficient price discovery mechanism Provide standard transaction protocols Provide settlement mechanisms Enhance trust through Provision of info on potential partners Legal provisions to back up contracts Provide securities/guarantees Provide regulations on behaviour during transactions and means to enforce themInfrastructure for electronic markets: Infrastructure for electronic markets Banking facilities Communication confidentiality integrity authentication non-repudiation Transfer and storage of products AdvertisingBanking facilities: Banking facilities Different payment methods should be supported Payment should be safe Payment and delivery guaranteedCommunication: Communication Some common language should be used. Constructs in the language should have a precise and formal meaning. Note: currencies should be clear Contracts should be legally binding. Obligations should be visibleStorage and transfer of goods: Storage and transfer of goods Physical products can be sold only once. Their digital representation can easily be copied and sold more than once. Downloading of digital products should be possible. Transport should be arranged for other products.Advertisement: Advertisement How is advertisement arranged? Blackboard? Shopping mall? One-on-one advertisement allowed? Format of advertisements? Payed advertisements? Who can advertise?Types of markets: Types of markets Direct transactions shopping mall classified ads direct negotiation Brokered transactions distributors brokers auctionsTypes of markets II: Types of markets II Direct transactions direct contact buyer and seller less structured transactions influence market (institution) smaller Brokered transactions controlled contact between buyer and seller transaction protocol very strict institution has total controlAuctions: Auctions Only “negotiate” about price. Fixed: product specification payment method transport delivery terms etc.Auctions: Auctions Sealed auctions First priced sealed bid Vickrey Sealed double auction Open auctions Dutch auction English auctionFirst price sealed bid: First price sealed bid Rules (protocol): Bidders submit a single sealed bid before deadline Outcome: Winner is highest bid at bid price Optimal strategy: Bid just below private value of item With N bidders bid: v(N-1)/NVickrey: Vickrey Rules (protocol): Bidders submit a single sealed bid before deadline Outcome: Winner is highest bid at second highest price Optimal strategy: Bid private value of itemSealed double auction: Sealed double auction Rules (protocol): Bidders and sellers submit a single sealed bid before deadline Outcome: Auctioneer determines a single market-clearing price and matches buyers and sellers Optimal strategy: Bid private value of itemDutch auction: Dutch auction Rules (protocol): Auctioneer calls out descending price. Bidder calls out a bid Outcome: Winner is first bidder to call out at price bid Optimal strategy: Bid just below private value of itemEnglish auction: English auction Rules (protocol): Bidders successively raise bid for item until one bidder remains Outcome: Winner is last bidder remaining at price of second-highest bidder Optimal strategy: Bid until private value of item, then drop outNon-private value auctions: Non-private value auctions Value of item depends at least partly on the value others give it. Resellable products (tasks) treasury bills Strategy now also depends on expectation or knowledge of the value others give the product.Other issues on auctions: Other issues on auctions Bidder collusion Lying auctioneer Interrelated auctionsExamples of auctions: Examples of auctions http://www.wehkamp.nl/Veiling/ http://www.ebay.com/aw/ http://www.onsale.com/ http://www.band-x.com/ http://www.auctionconnect.lycos.com/Technologies in EC: Technologies in EC EDI WWW Multimedia Work Flow Management Agents Electronic payment, smart cards, etc. ...Agents: Agents Agent properties: autonomous pro-active reactive social ability learning Agent functions: information gathering and filtering negotiation (simple like auction or ContractNet) monitor long-term processesAgents and electronic commerce: Agents and electronic commerce Agents for support: information gathering and comparison (e.g. shopbots: firefly) logistics Agents as delegates: only when trust is not important or easy Price and risk are low Process well definedAgent operated markets: Agent operated markets http://auction.eecs.umich.edu/ http://www.iiia.csic.es/Projects/fishmarket/ Stock market Power trade Agents for negotiation: Agents for negotiation Limited use due to complexity, but Very useful for e.g. auctions with: “Simple” world model Predetermined interactions Fixed rules One shot relations centralised infrastructure Agents for negotiation: Agents for negotiation Fully automated AMEC first in situations where: Interactions are fast Interactions are repeated Trade is of relative small value Process is repeated over long periods Products are easy to specify Examples: stock trade, power trade and telecom Item watching at e-bay now: Item watching at e-bay nowItem watching with agents: Item watching with agents Agent watches auctions in which you are interested Agent warns when your bid is overturned Agent warns when it gets interesting to start bidding Agent bid (strategically) up till a predefined levelConclusions: Conclusions EC contains many, different aspects EC is per definition multi-disciplinary Agents can support in information seeking phase (now already) Agents play a role in transactions when these are well defined and the need for speed or monitoring is highVraag: Vraag Als ik mijn auto wil verkopen, kan ik hem dan beter op een Engelse veiling (boden lopen op) of een Nederlandse veiling (veilingmeester laat prijs dalen) aanbieden? Geef aan waarom. Wat zou een agent op een Nederlandse veiling van bv. bloemen kunnen leren, waardoor hij in de loop van een ochtend beter gaat bieden? Welke informatie moet hij hiervoor bijhouden? You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
electronic commerce Petronilla Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Let's Connect Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Dynamic Copy Does not support media & animations Automatically changes to Flash or non-Flash embed WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 5328 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (5) Dislike it (0) Added: January 31, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: premalatha.r (34 month(s) ago) i want to download this PPT of E-commerce... if possible pls send it to my mail. My mail Id is ar.premalatha@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: raniluom (35 month(s) ago) hello sir, please send this presentation to my email raniluom@rediffmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: qaziejaz (38 month(s) ago) hello sir, please send this presentation to my email qaziejaz@hotmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: bantujoshi (38 month(s) ago) hello sir ! please this ppt send on my email jitesh.joshi03@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sanamsima (42 month(s) ago) Hi pls send me of this ppt my e.mail: sanamsima@yahoo.com / tanx Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Electronic Commerce & Agents: Electronic Commerce & Agents Frank Dignum Utrecht University dignum@cs.uu.nlOverview: Overview Historical overview Definition of Electronic Commerce (EC) Examples of EC Electronic markets and auctions Agents The role(s) of agents in EC ConclusionsHistorical perspective: Historical perspective (Big) calculators Central databases distributed information and word processing client/server connected databases support of (administrative) internal processes (WFMS)Historical perspective: Historical perspective Support of internal communication (groupware) Knowledge management Support of external communication (Internet & WWW) Support of external processes (Electronic commerce)Definition (?): Definition (?) Electronic Commerce is: Any form of business transaction in which the parties interact electronically rather than by physical exchanges or direct physical contactCommerce: Commerce Information exchange Product/service/… exchangeInformation exchange: Information exchange Partner/product search negotiation, market, auction contract contract fulfilment (directives) legal information etc.Product/service exchange: Product/service exchange (micro-)payment (intangible) product logistics of products and services subscription mechanismsStages of Business Transactions: Stages of Business Transactions Support for stages: Support for stages Slide11: 12/22 business business Consumer Public agencies EC Applications: EC Applications Supply chain management Home shopping Remote banking On-line marketing and advertising Distant learning Procurement and purchasing Video on demandExamples of EC (B-C): Examples of EC (B-C) Retail Internet bookshop CDNow Shopping malls Auctions Collective buyingItem watching at e-bay now: Item watching at e-bay nowExamples of EC (B-C): Examples of EC (B-C) Finance ESI (stock market) Electronic bankingPublishing: PublishingExamples of EC (B-B) : Examples of EC (B-B) Business to business support Maxtrad (business information) MEMO (Mediating and Monitoring EC) Secure contracts (ICC) Bolero (electronic document support) Markets Automotive industry (collective buying) Retail world Insurance private exchange of virtual products Role of institutions: Role of institutions Facilitate the transactions Provide efficient price discovery mechanism Provide standard transaction protocols Provide settlement mechanisms Enhance trust through Provision of info on potential partners Legal provisions to back up contracts Provide securities/guarantees Provide regulations on behaviour during transactions and means to enforce themInfrastructure for electronic markets: Infrastructure for electronic markets Banking facilities Communication confidentiality integrity authentication non-repudiation Transfer and storage of products AdvertisingBanking facilities: Banking facilities Different payment methods should be supported Payment should be safe Payment and delivery guaranteedCommunication: Communication Some common language should be used. Constructs in the language should have a precise and formal meaning. Note: currencies should be clear Contracts should be legally binding. Obligations should be visibleStorage and transfer of goods: Storage and transfer of goods Physical products can be sold only once. Their digital representation can easily be copied and sold more than once. Downloading of digital products should be possible. Transport should be arranged for other products.Advertisement: Advertisement How is advertisement arranged? Blackboard? Shopping mall? One-on-one advertisement allowed? Format of advertisements? Payed advertisements? Who can advertise?Types of markets: Types of markets Direct transactions shopping mall classified ads direct negotiation Brokered transactions distributors brokers auctionsTypes of markets II: Types of markets II Direct transactions direct contact buyer and seller less structured transactions influence market (institution) smaller Brokered transactions controlled contact between buyer and seller transaction protocol very strict institution has total controlAuctions: Auctions Only “negotiate” about price. Fixed: product specification payment method transport delivery terms etc.Auctions: Auctions Sealed auctions First priced sealed bid Vickrey Sealed double auction Open auctions Dutch auction English auctionFirst price sealed bid: First price sealed bid Rules (protocol): Bidders submit a single sealed bid before deadline Outcome: Winner is highest bid at bid price Optimal strategy: Bid just below private value of item With N bidders bid: v(N-1)/NVickrey: Vickrey Rules (protocol): Bidders submit a single sealed bid before deadline Outcome: Winner is highest bid at second highest price Optimal strategy: Bid private value of itemSealed double auction: Sealed double auction Rules (protocol): Bidders and sellers submit a single sealed bid before deadline Outcome: Auctioneer determines a single market-clearing price and matches buyers and sellers Optimal strategy: Bid private value of itemDutch auction: Dutch auction Rules (protocol): Auctioneer calls out descending price. Bidder calls out a bid Outcome: Winner is first bidder to call out at price bid Optimal strategy: Bid just below private value of itemEnglish auction: English auction Rules (protocol): Bidders successively raise bid for item until one bidder remains Outcome: Winner is last bidder remaining at price of second-highest bidder Optimal strategy: Bid until private value of item, then drop outNon-private value auctions: Non-private value auctions Value of item depends at least partly on the value others give it. Resellable products (tasks) treasury bills Strategy now also depends on expectation or knowledge of the value others give the product.Other issues on auctions: Other issues on auctions Bidder collusion Lying auctioneer Interrelated auctionsExamples of auctions: Examples of auctions http://www.wehkamp.nl/Veiling/ http://www.ebay.com/aw/ http://www.onsale.com/ http://www.band-x.com/ http://www.auctionconnect.lycos.com/Technologies in EC: Technologies in EC EDI WWW Multimedia Work Flow Management Agents Electronic payment, smart cards, etc. ...Agents: Agents Agent properties: autonomous pro-active reactive social ability learning Agent functions: information gathering and filtering negotiation (simple like auction or ContractNet) monitor long-term processesAgents and electronic commerce: Agents and electronic commerce Agents for support: information gathering and comparison (e.g. shopbots: firefly) logistics Agents as delegates: only when trust is not important or easy Price and risk are low Process well definedAgent operated markets: Agent operated markets http://auction.eecs.umich.edu/ http://www.iiia.csic.es/Projects/fishmarket/ Stock market Power trade Agents for negotiation: Agents for negotiation Limited use due to complexity, but Very useful for e.g. auctions with: “Simple” world model Predetermined interactions Fixed rules One shot relations centralised infrastructure Agents for negotiation: Agents for negotiation Fully automated AMEC first in situations where: Interactions are fast Interactions are repeated Trade is of relative small value Process is repeated over long periods Products are easy to specify Examples: stock trade, power trade and telecom Item watching at e-bay now: Item watching at e-bay nowItem watching with agents: Item watching with agents Agent watches auctions in which you are interested Agent warns when your bid is overturned Agent warns when it gets interesting to start bidding Agent bid (strategically) up till a predefined levelConclusions: Conclusions EC contains many, different aspects EC is per definition multi-disciplinary Agents can support in information seeking phase (now already) Agents play a role in transactions when these are well defined and the need for speed or monitoring is highVraag: Vraag Als ik mijn auto wil verkopen, kan ik hem dan beter op een Engelse veiling (boden lopen op) of een Nederlandse veiling (veilingmeester laat prijs dalen) aanbieden? Geef aan waarom. Wat zou een agent op een Nederlandse veiling van bv. bloemen kunnen leren, waardoor hij in de loop van een ochtend beter gaat bieden? Welke informatie moet hij hiervoor bijhouden?