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Benchmark SC.B.1.2.2: The student recognizes various forms of energy (e.g., heat, light, and electricity): Benchmark SC.B.1.2.2: The student recognizes various forms of energy (e.g., heat, light, and electricity) Ophir Ortiz
Outline: Outline Outline Energy Definition
Vocabulary
Forms of Energy- Light GLE
Forms of Energy- Heat GLE
Forms of Energy- Sound GLE
Potential and Kinetic Energy GLE
Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy GLE
Frequency, wavelength, and energy GLE
Vocabulary: Vocabulary
Vocabulary (cont’d): Vocabulary (cont’d)
Slide6: Energy is defined as
“the ability to do work”
When we eat, our bodies transform the energy stored in the food into energy to do work
When we run or walk, we "burn" food energy in our bodies
When we think or read or write, we are also doing work
What is ENERGY???
Slide7:
Energy can be found in a number of different forms. It can be
chemical energy
electrical energy
heat (thermal energy)
light (radiant energy)
mechanical energy
nuclear energy. What is ENERGY???
Energy : Energy makes everything happen and can be divided into two types:
Stored energy is called potential energy.
Moving energy is called kinetic energy.
With a pencil, try this example to know the two types of energy.
Put the pencil at the edge of the desk and push it off to the floor. The moving pencil uses kinetic energy.
Now, pick up the pencil and put it back on the desk. You used your own energy to lift and move the pencil. Moving it higher than the floor adds energy to it. As it rests on the desk, the pencil has potential energy. The higher it is, the further it could fall. That means the pencil has more potential energy. Energy
Potential and Kinetic Energy Applet: Potential and Kinetic Energy Applet
Slide10:
Two cylinders that look the same may roll down a hill at different rates. In this activity, two cylinders are rolled down a ramp
Washers are arranged inside the cylinders (outside of the rim for one cylinder, center of the rim for the second cylinder)
Due to the mass distribution, the rims with the mass along the sides will have to use more of its Potential Energy just to get moving, and this is why it will be slower than the other rim
Source:http://www.exploratorium.edu/snacks/downhill_race.html Potential and Kinetic Energy Activity Downhill Activity
Slide11: What is light?
It's a kind of energy called "electromagnetic (EM) radiation"
More information on electromagnetic radiation in the appendix
light is the part WE can see, the part that makes the rainbow
Forms of Energy: Light
Slide12: MATERIALS:
glass jar or a large drinking glass
small mirror
flashlight
dark room with white walls
PROCESS:
Fill the jar or glass with water.
Place the mirror inside the water filled jar or glass.
Tilt the mirror slightly upward.
In a very dark room with white walls, shine the flashlight onto the mirror.
A rainbow will appear! (Note: If no rainbow appears at first, just change the angle of the light from the flashlight or change the angle of the mirror.)
EXPLANATION:
The mirror reflects light that passes back through the water, traveling at an angle. The water bends, or refracts, the light. As the light bends, it separates into the colors of the rainbow...red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Light Activity: Lets Make a Rainbow!! http://www.weatherwizkids.com/rainbow1.htm
Slide13:
Heat is another form of energy.
At absolute zero (-273°C) the particles do not vibrate.
When we heat something we make the particles move faster.
The thermometer is a tool used to measure heat energy
Forms of Energy: Heat Hyperlinked Image
Slide14: Activity: How to Make a Thermometer http://www.wattsonschools.com/pdf/ue-2.pdf
Slide15: Sound energy is the energy of vibrating particles.
When you pluck a guitar string you are giving it kinetic energy.
The vibrating string makes the air around it vibrate.
You can hear these vibrations because the vibrating air (sound waves) travel to your ear and make your eardrum vibrate. Forms of Energy: Sound Hyperlinked Image
Renewable and Non-Renewable Sources of Energy: We use many different energy sources to do work for us.
Energy sources are classified into two groups:
renewable energy source- this type of energy can be made again and again
and
non-renewable energy- this type of energy can run out because it takes millions of years to make more Renewable and Non-Renewable Sources of Energy
Sources of Energy Brain POP Video : Sources of Energy Brain POP Video
Renewable Energy Sources: http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/whatsenergy.html Renewable Energy Sources
Renewable Energy Sources: Renewable energy sources include solar energy, which comes from the sun and can be turned into electricity and heat.
Wind, geothermal energy from inside the earth, biomass from plants, and hydropower and ocean energy from water are also renewable energy sources. Renewable Energy Sources
Biomass Energy: Biomass is matter usually thought of as garbage (i.e., dead trees, tree branches, woodchips, bark, sawdust)
This “garbage” can be used to produce electricity, heat, compost material or fuels
How biomass works:
The waste (scraps) gathered in a truck
The truck transports the waste to a biomass power plant
The biomass is burned in a furnace
The heat is used to boil water in the boiler
The energy in the steam is used to turn turbines and generators Biomass Energy
Biomass Energy Flash Movie: Biomass Energy Flash Movie Hyperlinked Image
Hydro-Power!: Hydro-Power! What is Hydro-Power?
Water is another very important renewable energy resource
Hydro-power is energy that comes from the force of moving water
Alexander Hydroelectric Plant on the Wisconsin River ٭ A turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy
٭Then a generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy
Hydroelectric Plant: http://www.wvic.com/hydro-works.htm Hydroelectric Plant
Hydro-Power Activity:
Objective:
The students will learn the concept of “water pressure”, and how this relates to the production of hydropower.
Materials:
Half gallon paper milk carton (empty and washed out)
Gallon of water
Awl or 10p nail
Masking tape
Ruler
Magic marker
Pair of scissors
Pad of paper and pencil to take notes Hydro-Power Activity http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/projects/hydro-power.html
Renewable Energy Source: Hydrogen:
Hydrogen, a renewable energy source, is the most plentiful gas in the universe!
Hydrogen is an energy carrier for the future. It is a clean fuel that can be used in places where it’s hard to use electricity. Sending electricity a long way costs four times as much as shipping hydrogen by pipeline.
Renewable energy sources—like solar and wind—can’t produce energy all the time.
Hydrogen can store the energy until it’s needed and can be moved to where it’s needed. Renewable Energy Source: Hydrogen
Hydrogen as a Fuel: Hydrogen as a Fuel
Hydrogen Activity: Hydrogen Activity http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/projects/split_h2o.html The objective of this experiment is to produce hydrogen by using electrolysis Link to webpage:
Non-Renewable Energy Sources: Non-Renewable Energy Sources http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/whatsenergy.html
Non-Renewable Energy Sources: Non-Renewable Energy Sources We get most of our energy from nonrenewable energy sources, which include the fossil fuels -- oil, natural gas, and coal.
They're called fossil fuels because they were formed over millions and millions of years by the action of heat from the Earth's core and pressure from rock and soil on the remains (or "fossils") of dead plants and animals.
Energy Sources Produce Electricity: Energy Sources Produce Electricity Renewable and non-renewable energy sources are used to produce electricity
We use electricity everyday, for example:
When you do things like play video games
Make a milkshake in your blender
Watch TV
Surf the Net and turn on the light in your bedroom
Electricity: Electricity Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge
It is caused by the movement of electrons
Electric Circuits Activity: Electric Circuits Activity http://www.andythelwell.com/blobz/
Slide34: Activity: Make a Battery from a Lemon http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/projects/lemon.html
In this activity, you will make a voltaic battery out of a lemon
A voltaic battery changes chemical energy to electrical energy
Electricity Activity- How Much Does it Cost?: Electricity Activity- How Much Does it Cost? The objective of this activity is to introduce to the student the concept of conserving energy by investigating the cost of using electricity, and how different electrical device require different amounts of electricity. This activity also discusses the units used for electricity. http://whyfiles.larc.nasa.gov/text/kids/Problem_Board/problems/electricity/cost2.html
Non-Renewable Source of Energy: Coal: Non-Renewable Source of Energy: Coal Coal is used to make electricity
Coal is a nonrenewable energy source because it takes millions of years to create.
The energy in coal comes from the energy stored (Potential Energy) by plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago, when the earth was partly covered with swampy forests.
Sources of Energy Activity: Sources of Energy Activity Chocolate Chip cookie mining
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/classactivities/CookieMining_PriElem.pdf
Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy:
Light is a form of energy
Energy can be described by the wavelength and frequency
Wavelength is measured in meters (m)
Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz)
Relationship:
Long wavelength- low frequency
Short wavelength- high frequency Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy
Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy Applet: Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy Applet