Development in a time of climate change:Putting women at the heart of solutions: Development in a time of climate change: Putting women at the heart of solutions


Slide3: What does this family need to get out of poverty?


Slide4: Physical Human Natural Social Financial What does this family need to get out of poverty?


Women and men have: - different roles in the household- different resources to deliver them with.: Women and men have: - different roles in the household - different resources to deliver them with. P S H N F H N F P S roles roles resources


Slide6: Men provide food and cash from farming by: Growing cash crops to sell Growing food to eat or sell i


Slide7: And they provide cash through: Small-scale manufacturing Trading goods Selling labour i


Rural women produce much of the family’s food: Rural women produce much of the family’s food on marginal lands without irrigation using saved seeds with no formal training without access to credit


They provide the household water: They provide the household water


And the household fuel supply: And the household fuel supply


They cook, clean and care for the sick: They cook, clean and care for the sick


while caring for children at the same time.: while caring for children at the same time.


while caring for children at the same time…: while caring for children at the same time… …all for no payment.


Women and men have: - different roles in the household- different resources to deliver them with.: Women and men have: - different roles in the household - different resources to deliver them with. P S H N F H N F P S roles roles resources


Men’s physical resources:: Men’s physical resources: Bodily strength Inherit crop land House Livestock, Stored food Machinery Transport


Women’s physical resources:: Women’s physical resources: Few belongings, but: Bodily strength Children Common, marginal land Stored food Some tools? Forced to sell sex?


Men’s human resources:: Men’s human resources: More likely to be educated and to benefit from agricultural training services


Women’s human resources:: Women’s human resources: Less likely to be educated Far less likely to get training for agriculture or other livelihood opportunities


Men’s financial resources:: Men’s financial resources:


Women’s financial resources:: Women’s financial resources: Minimal savings Micro-credit Schemes Limited access to selling in markets


Men’s natural resources:: Men’s natural resources: better land more likely to have irrigation and tools to cope with climate uncertainty


Women’s natural resources:: Women’s natural resources: Poor quality land. Few tools. Rain-fed agriculture Wild crops for extra food & medicine Wells and rivers for water Bush and forest for fuel


Men’s social resources:: Men’s social resources: Networks: Voice in village committees More access to official power Norms: Mobility, independence Authority,may use violence Controls divorce decisions.


Women’s social resources:: Women’s social resources: Norms: Less mobility and independence Household roles are assumed to be hers Networks: women’s groups, cooperatives


Women and men have: - different roles in the household- different resources to deliver them with.: Women and men have: - different roles in the household - different resources to deliver them with. P S H N F H N F P S roles roles resources


One household?: One household? P S H N F H N F P S roles roles resources


Women invest more in their children Income in women’s hands goes further towards children’s nutrition, education, health and well-being. : Women invest more in their children Income in women’s hands goes further towards children’s nutrition, education, health and well-being. In sub-Saharan Africa, if women had equal access to land, seed and fertilizer, then agricultural productivity would rise by up to 20%. An educated woman is 50% more likely to have her children immunised. In Africa, children whose mothers got at least 5 years of education are 40% more likely to live beyond the age of five.


Over to you…: Over to you… Is this story true for rural women and men in Liberia? Which differences between women and men are the greatest challenge?


Slide29: Average temperature of Earth’s surface, 0C What role does climate change have in Africa?


Who has produced CO2 emissions to date? : Who has produced CO2 emissions to date?


Slide32: But who is already bearing the worst impacts?


Slide33: Source: "EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database www.em-dat.net - Université Catholique de Louvain - Brussels - Belgium"


Slide34: “…climate change will negatively impact on the full range of human and economic development in Africa: reducing people’s ability to feed themselves; threatening people’s health; reducing livelihood opportunities and economic growth prospects” Dr. Anthony Nyong, Coordinating Lead Author, Africa Chapter, IPCC 4th Assessment Working Group Two


Expected climate change in West Africa: Expected climate change in West Africa Uncertainty in models and data but… Temperatures: rising Sea level: rising More or less rain? Less predictability of rainfall


Expected climate impacts in West Africa: Expected climate impacts in West Africa Agriculture: much shorter growing season in some areas, with serious impacts on food security Livestock: animals likely to suffer from heat stress, drought and spreading disease Water resources: likely increase in water stress Coastal settlements: low-lying lands will be inundated, threatening coastal cities across the region Health: increased diarrhoea and malnutrition, likely impacts of malaria, dengue, cholera Social change: risk of land conflicts, mass migration, more frequent humanitarian crises


African agriculture coming under stress: African agriculture coming under stress UNDP 2006


Slide38: Expected climate impacts for rural communities in Liberia: How will women’s and men’s roles be affected? How will women’s and men’s resources be affected? What social and economic pressures could there be?


Development in a time of climate change: 3 challenges for gender equality: Development in a time of climate change: 3 challenges for gender equality How can we stop deforestation – and ensure that women benefit? How can we get clean energy to rural communities – and ensure that women benefit? How can we adapt agriculture to cope with climate impacts – and ensure that women benefit?


1. Stopping deforestation: 1. Stopping deforestation Logging in Congo DRC How can we stop deforestation in Africa? Will women benefit or lose out?


2. Getting clean energy to communities: 2. Getting clean energy to communities Wind power, Kenya Wind power, Kenya Solar panels for electricity Constructing biogas plant, Rwanda How can clean energy most benefit rural women?


3. Adapting agriculture to climate impacts: 3. Adapting agriculture to climate impacts Conservation tillage Extending irrigation Drought-tolerant crops How can communities adapt to climate change? What role must women play?