David Patraiko

Notes on Human Element: 

AIS 05 – Oct 2005 Notes on Human Element David Patraiko FNI Director of Projects – The Nautical Institute AIS 05 - Seattle

The Nautical Institute: 

AIS 05 – Oct 2005 The Nautical Institute International Professional Body 7,000 members, 40+ branches worldwide Not for Profit – Member funded “Supporting those in Control of Seagoing Craft” Seaways & Publications

Alert!: 

AIS 05 – Oct 2005 Alert! Campaign to raise the awareness of the Human Element issues in Shipping A Nautical Institute project funded by Lloyd’s Register EMEA www.he-alert.org

Human Element: 

AIS 05 – Oct 2005 Human Element In the maritime context, the term human element embraces anything that influences the interaction between a human and any person, system or machine aboard ship. The human element is a critical feature of all aspects of ship or system design and operation. Poor ship or system design, bad ergonomics, equipment failure, fatigue, stress, boredom, commercial pressures, cultural differences, differing equipment designs, and a lack of proper training in the operation of equipments, all affect the way in which a ship is operated.

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AIS 05 – Oct 2005

‘Fit for Purpose’: 

AIS 05 – Oct 2005 ‘Fit for Purpose’ For any ship or system to operate safely and effectively, it must be designed to support the people who work it, particularly in respect of : Habitability Maintainability Workability Controllability Maneuverability Survivability

Ergonomics: 

AIS 05 – Oct 2005 Ergonomics The study and design of working environments (e.g., ship bridges, machinery control rooms, galleys) and their components, work practices, and work procedures for the benefit of the worker’s efficiency, effectiveness, health, comfort, and safety.

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Technology : 

AIS 05 – Oct 2005 Technology Three legged stool model Technology Procedures People

Automation : 

AIS 05 – Oct 2005 Automation On Your Watch: Automation on the Bridge (M.H. Lützhöft and S.W.A. Dekker) Automation is often introduced because of quantitative promises: it will reduce human error; reduce workload; increase efficiency. But as demonstrated by the Royal Majesty, as well as by numerous research results, automation has qualitative consequences for human work and safety, and does not simply replace human work with machine work. Automation changes the task it was meant to support; it creates new error pathways, shifts consequences of error further into the future and delays opportunities for error detection and recovery. www.he-alert.org (Ref: HE00050)

Integration : 

AIS 05 – Oct 2005 Integration “Technology is great when it works”Maritime Technology and Human Integration on the Ship’s Bridge (Dr. Margareta Lützhöft PhD, MNI) Many ostensibly technically integrated maritime systems are neither well integrate from a human co-operative point of view, nor from a technical point of view. In many bridge systems today mariners have to close these gaps by co-operation, co-ordination and compromise. Technology can become a ‘barrier’ to mariners’ work, when they are forced to focus on the tool instead of the work. Machines are not like crew members. They cannot anticipate or plan for action. However, if the total system and task are designed correctly together, human and machine can do much better together than either can do alone. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/science_technology/2004/index.html

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The Nautical Institute: 

AIS 05 – Oct 2005 The Nautical Institute Works with membership and branches to obtain user feedback. Works with designers, manufactures, regulators, trainers and others to promote safe and effective designs. Identifies and disseminates ‘best practices’ for operational use.

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AIS 05 – Oct 2005 www.nautinst.org

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AIS 05 – Oct 2005 Support of The Nautical Institute through membership and participation is very much appreciated! Thank You The Nautical Institute202 Lambeth Road, London SE1 7LQ, UKwww.nautinst.org Join Now!