Slide1: CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND THE COORDINATION OF GREAT EVENTS The Case of the death and funeral of Pope John Paul II – 2006 June


Slide2: Environmental emergencies, the hydro-geological fragility of the country, the urgencies tied to terrorism, fires, floods and earthquakes: these important events that involve thousands of people, have given rise to the need for a complex organization in order to supply immediate and well-structured responses.


Slide3: Crisis Management includes actions undertaken to deal with disasters and civilian crises. In Europe the term widely used to describe organized action aimed at coping with natural or human danger is Civil Protection.


Slide4: Civil Protection requires active and responsible commitment from public administrators, who must understand and organise the system together with other organizations. It requires a networking activity. Civil Protection involves different bodies and experts who must communicate and interact in order to achieve positive results. It is an extremely complex system. Characteristics


Slide5: Civil Protection systems are effective only when a significant momentum is given to the mechanisms of interaction and cooperation. This approach is necessary to develop a common background and homogeneous, flexible and transferable common programmes of prevention and intervention. The problem of coordination


Slide6: The coordinated and prompt response of a pool of organizations to a crisis aimed at avoiding or minimizing the damage caused by a disaster or an event which can produce harmful consequences, and managing them when they occur. The process of anticipating negative trends or events is the preparation of actions aimed at avoiding as many disasters as possible. We can summarise the Field of Action of Civil Protection as


Slide7: In Italy, instead, the entire Government organization is involved in these tasks, at the level of cities, suburbs, small municipalities and ministries. Even civil society fully participates in the Civil Protection National Service, mainly through volunteer organizations. In most European countries, Civil Protection’s tasks are performed by only one institution or by a few public bodies.


Slide8: The National Service of Civil Protection In order to meet this aim at Italian level, the Department for Civil Protection, a formal governmental agency which is very close to the the Cabinet, is committed to dealing with the relevant activities.


Slide9: determines the policies of civil protection, has the powers of decree in matter of civil protection, promotes and coordinates the activities of the central and peripheral administrations of the Government, the Regions, the Provinces, the Municipalities, the national and local public agencies and every other institution and public or private organization present on the national territory. The actions of the Department are finalized to the protection of integrity of life, assets, settlements and environment from the damages or the danger of damages deriving from natural calamities, catastrophes or other relevant events, that could determine situations of serious risk. The Department of Civil Protection


Slide10: PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS Interior Economy and Finance Foreign Affairs Environment Education and Research Transport and Infrastructures Defence Agricultural Policy and Forestry Communications Productive Activities Health Cultural Heritage and Activities Regions Provinces Municipalities National Fire-fighters Corp Police - Prefectures I.N.G.V. - C.N.R. National Institutes 118 Revenue Guard Corp Army, Navy, Air Force G.R.T.N. Coastal Guard – ANAS Società Autostrade Italian Railways Italian Forest Corps ANPA The National Service of Civil Protection


Slide11: The Italian Legal Framework regarding emergency management functions through the legal division of competencies, between government, regional and local authorities. This framework is based on the typological differentiation of events related to civil protection. The Civil Protection System


The three levels of competence: The three levels of competence a) …can be faced with the intervention of single agencies or single admini- strative bodies in a simple way b) … require the intervention of other bodies and refer to “emergencies of an intermediate level” of gravity c) … concern disasters, that because of their particular intensity, require the intervention of extraordinary organizations and powers. (Art. 2 Law 225/92) natural events or those connected with human activities which... MUNICIPALITY AND MAYORS REGIONS- PROVINCES PREFECTURE STATE


Slide13: Type c Extraordinary events and emergencies These “extreme” events need specific government handling at central level with “extraordinary measures” that fall under the competence of the Government. In such a case following the deliberation of the Government declaring the “state of emergency”, the Prime Minister holds the political responsibility of coordinating the emergency. He also has the power of “extra ordinem ordinance” and of appointing delegated Commissioners. The central power operates in collaboration with the regions and the local authorities concerned.


Slide14: CIVIL PROTECTION OPERATING COMMITTEE It is the inter-ministerial body in charge of the unitary direction and coordination of the emergencies. It assures the unitary direction and the coordination of emergency activities, laying down the participations of all administrations and agencies interested in the aid: the National Fire Department; the Armed Forces; the Police Forces; the State Forestry Corps; The APAT; the national groups of scientific research (CNR), the National Institute of Geophysics and other scientific institutions; the Italian Red Cross; the structures of the National Health Service; the volunteers organizations; the National Alpine Rescue Corps (CAI).


Slide15: Once the Council of Ministers declares the “state of emergency” due to an event of type c) and has appointed a delegated Extraordinary Commissioner, the “CIVIL PROTECTION OPERATING COMMITTEE” meets for the coordination of all the activities needed for coping with the situation.


Slide16: Important events Summit NATO – RUSSIA Pratica di mare 28 May 2002


Slide17: THE DEATH AND FUNERAL OF JOHN PAUL II 3,000,000 PILLGRIMS VISITED ROME IN SIX DAYS Case Study


Slide18: Case Study CHRONOLOGY Saturday 02/04/2005 21.37: THE POPE DIED 21.57: The Press Agency ANSA announces the death of John Paul II 22.03: More than 60 thousand faithful gather in Saint Peter’s Square to mourn the Pope. From Sunday 03 to Friday 08-04-2005 3 MILLION FAITHFUL arrive in ROME Length of the queue to enter S.Peter’s Basilica: 5 km. Time of medium wait: 13 hours. At 10 p.m. on Wednesday (6-04) access to Saint Peter’s Square was closed, because from that moment at least 24 hours would have been needed to reach the Basilica.


Slide19: Case Study Friday 08,04,2005 THE FUNERAL OF POPE JOHN PAUL II Three million people arrive in Rome. Over70 thousand people are in Saint Peter’s Square, Over 470,000 are in the area around Saint Peter’s


Slide20: Case Study It was decided to close all the schools in Rome, in order to favour the conditions for city traffic. A total block of traffic (except motorbikes and bicycles) existed from 2 a.m. to 6 p.m. inside the Great Ring road of Rome. Fiumicino airport cancelled 144 flights over two days. From 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. on Friday 8th April, all public and private offices in the Rome area were closed.


Slide21: The numbers of the event On the day of the funeral: 500,000 faithful were present in S. Peter’s Square and Via della Conciliazione 600,000 people were in the zones of maxi-displays 400 disabled people were in the Square of S.Peter’s 169 foreign delegations were present (Data provided by the Department of Civil Protection – portal www.comune.roma.it of 14/04/2005) 3,000,000 pilgrims 50,000 people visited the acceptance centres On the days previous to the funeral: every hour 21,000 people visited the Vatican Basilica, 350 aa minute a medium wait of 13 hours in the queue a medium wait of 24 hours for entry to Saint Peter’s the maximum length of the queue was 5 Km


Slide22: The needs Drinking Water Lodging Health Emergencies Information Guarantees for participation to the event Such an influx of population involved the necessity to give immediate response to the vital needs of the people in situations not anticipated: In a few days the population of Rome practically doubled. The national and communal civil protection had to face an absolutely unforeseeable crisis


Slide23: The approach April 3rd, 2005: the Council of Ministers declares a state of emergency and appoints Mr. Guido Bertolaso, head of the Civil Protection Department, as extraordinary commissioner for the management of the emergency, with the task to coordinate, with all the necessary power, the implementation of any organizational measure for the facilitation of mobility, welcome, sanitary assistance and for assuring the participation of all those who intended to participate to the funerals of the Pope. the Civil Protection Operating Committee meets to define a plan of action. the Campidoglio defines the transport and parking plan for the coaches which arrive from all directions. the Campidoglio defines the transport for those arriving to Rome by train.


Slide24: The number of responses from the Municipality of Rome Municipal police from 1,300 to 1,500 were assigned for usual duties 900 policemen for extraordinary duties 300 employees from the Garden Services of the Rome Municipality 3,500 garbage collectors 250 employees of social cooperatives engaged in Civil Protection activities the Civil Protection Operational Centre was working 24 hours a day due to the contribution of over 300 people 4 Disaster Managers volunteered their services to the Rome Municipality.


Slide25: a 40% increase of public transport services during the week: 1,100,000 passengers per day over the average used transport service and approximately 290,000 passengers a day used metropolitan services The increase per day of personnel in the public agencies: STA: from 400 to 445 units of non-travelling staff TRAMBUS: from 6,000 to 7,800 drivers; and from 200 to 300 of non-travelling staff ACEA: 30 units in the Garrison covering activities of surveillance for the City of Rome Emergency Plan and 400 units in service on May 8th ME.TRO: from 1,500 to 2,000 employees ATAC: from 350 a 400 employees AMA: from 600 to 800 garbage collectors (200 each work shift) in the area of Saint Peter’s and from 3,000 to 3,500 in the whole city The numbers of responses from the Municipality of Rome


Slide26: Ambulances 400 Chemical toilets 3,600 Bottles of water 3 millions Volunteers 10,000 (2,500 CRI) Police 12,000 Fire Brigade 1,000 Army 400 Doctors and medical assistants 840 Journalists 4,000 The numbers of responses at central level


Slide27: Planning in real time Monitoring and management of pilgrim flow Welcome and assistance to pilgrims Diffusion of information Security plans Management of foreign delegations


Slide28: Organization Model


Slide29: Monitoring and managing the pilgrim flow A medium time wait of 13 hours in the queue A maximum time wait of 24 hours for entry to Saint Peter’s It can well be imagined as these numbers created many problems. Just think of the necessity for people to exit from the queue (especially the elderly, who needed to go to the toilet or mothers who needed to nurse their children) with the possibility of re-entering in the queue; to the possible tensions or quarrels among the people in the queue; to the hundreds of people fainting and ill; to the problems of guarding against possible terrorist attacks; etc The more immediate and effective response was provided by the thousands of volunteers who have, without any monetary compensation, lent their collaboration in actions of assistance


Slide30: Monitoring and managing the pilgrim flow


Slide31: Monitoring and managing the pilgrim flow parking and transit were prohibited


Slide32: Managing the events related to the funeral of Pope John Paul II Information for the population Assistance to the population Cleaning of the areas Mobility and transport Security


Slide33: THE USE OF DATA TRANSMISSION NETWORKS : Internet Home Page of Rome Municipality (www.comune.roma.it) up-dated in real time 80,000 visitors in two days (6-7 of April). The Rome Municipality call centre 060606 (which also operated in English, French, German, Spanish, Chinese and Arabic) answered up to 20,000 calls daily (with respect to a medium of 8,000 calls normally). A peak of 23,620 calls were made on April 6th, with a total of 120,000 calls from the 2nd to 7th of April, 2005 CALL CENTER ACTIVATION: 1. Information for the population


Slide34: First SMS forwarded total 46.312.853 1. Information for the population