Education :A Demand Supply Perspective & Education Services-GATT Implications India Challenges—Way Forward: Education :A Demand Supply Perspective & Education Services-GATT Implications India Challenges—Way Forward
Prof. K. Subramanian
Deputy Director General
National Informatics Center
Ministry of Communications & Information Technology
&
IT Adviser to CAG of India
Invited Talk
International Conference of AIAER on Education & GATT
Patiala, Punjab, India
30th December 2005
Outline of the Presentation: 8/25/2006 2 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Outline of the Presentation Education: Demand-Supply Overview
Education for All-A Dream to Reality with ICT
Universalization of Education and Curriculum Reform
Education Services & GATT-Challenges and Implications for India
Education Goal and Objective: 8/25/2006 3 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Education Goal and Objective To make learning and Knowledge -a social and economic activity
Acquisition of Knowledge
-a life long activity
Technology-a solution to demand for learning & create new possibilities to make it happen
Delivering education-demand supply perspective
Re-skilling and retraining employees arising due to economic structural changes creating a new social demand Demand of diverse learners
Diversity of goals
Diversity of contexts
Demand for higher education
Renewal of employee skills in service sector
Situation Today: 8/25/2006 4 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Situation Today Learners
Diverse group
Separated by - space
Separated by-time
Possess different-prior learning skills
New educational training needs Type of INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS
Flexible
Global in reach
Interactive
Affordable
Overall Framework: 8/25/2006 5 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Overall Framework Institutional framework
Technological framework
Financial framework Learning to know
Learning to do
Learning to live together
Learning to be
Slide6: 8/25/2006 6 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 (1) Opening of labor market and workforce mobility
(2) Reengineering systems for adjustment against technological environment changes, and consideration of Global demands and employment. New Trends of Knowledge Workforce
Slide7: 8/25/2006 7 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 (3) Creating and pursuing new Global trends with technology evolution such as
6T (IT, BT, NT, ET, CT and ST)
Digital Cocooning,
Insperience (Indoor + Experience),
Web Identity (Avata, MiniHome,…),
Consumption Curator,
Ubitizen (Ubiquitous + Citizen),
DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting),
TPS (Triple Play Service: Internet+Tel+Broadcat)
Grid Computing
Ubiquitous Technology New Trends of Knowledge Workforce
Slide8: 8/25/2006 8 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Japan: Global Leadership with Future-based High-tech in Media, Robot, Biotech
Rep. of Korea: Electronics, Car Manufacturing, Steel Production, Semiconductors with strong IT infra
Taiwan: Strong Small Medium Industry
China: Rapid Growth Rate[9%], Right Wing of Super Growth Block
India: Rapid Growth Rate[7-8%], Left Wing of Super Growth Block
ASEAN: Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, ……. (4) Creating and pursuing new Global trends in Works, Workforce and Workplace such as Freeter (Free + Arbeiter),
Increasing freelancers as telecommuters
Unstable professionals :MD, Lawyers, CPA,
Mobilization of workforce across national borders
Advent Pan-Asia as a Super Growth Block
Educational Services & GATT: Educational Services & GATT
Disclaimer!!! Opinion Expressed On Education Services--India: 8/25/2006 10 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Disclaimer!!! Opinion Expressed On Education Services--India Presenter's own perception & analyzed from the accessed information on this subject with due acknowledgment.
Now way reflect GOI’s thinking nor commitment on Implementation
Derived from the Global perceptions of countries such as USA, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, etc.,
Would like to acknowledge the discussions with eminent educationists
GATT offers: 8/25/2006 11 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 GATT offers GATS agreement works on a positive approach: each country is free to offer a limited range of services for negotiations
Services can be added periodically to a country’s offer list as and when the country deems fit.
India will make submissions in educational services which includes higher education.
WTO scenario differs from GATT submissions.
Trade in Educational Services: 8/25/2006 12 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Trade in Educational Services Restrictions depend on local legislation rather than custom regulations
India could offer only distance education and some professional educational services under the positive list approach, subsequent preparedness is to be ascertained.
W/120 Classification List: 8/25/2006 13 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 W/120 Classification List Main classifications:
Primary education services
Secondary education services
Higher education services
Adult education services
Other educational services
Not clear on the coverage of liberal arts, business and professional education
W/120 Classification List: 8/25/2006 14 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 W/120 Classification List Not clear on the differentiation of Training Services– (related to higher education, adult education and other education services- less theoretical and more job-related requiring hands-on operation of tools, equipment and certain devices) and Educational Testing Services (used to evaluate the students & course materials and Learning resources-designing, administering and evaluating tests)
India—Higher Education Scenario: 8/25/2006 15 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 India—Higher Education Scenario Inability of the university system to provide higher education to all who aspire it.
There is no political commitment of public funds and quality of the education in some universities is below par, to say the least—This is the slack the unregulated private sector is taking up today at considerable cost to students.
Should private foreign funds be allowed to compete in higher education? Should we allow this competition?
Higher Education Foreign Services in India: 8/25/2006 16 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Higher Education Foreign Services in India Any educational service provider can enter India without any regulation as long as they do not want UGC/AICTE recognition.
The consumers has no way of verification the claims of the multitude of service providers who promises all sorts of benefits to the students.
Many even offer unverifiable links to foreign institutions.
Need for a regulator to be created by the GOI in the field of educational services.—appropriate legislation to protect consumers.
Higher Education-Foreign Services in India: 8/25/2006 17 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Higher Education-Foreign Services in India FDI in services is built into the specific mode of delivery of services in the case of educational services, unlike others.—India should specify FDI is whether and with what restrictions to be allowed.
Higher Education-Foreign Services in India: 8/25/2006 18 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Higher Education-Foreign Services in India If higher education is opened up even in a limited way, the opposition to FDI may come from private sector itself.
India’s service must also be seen in the context of bargaining strategies at the WTO—to win in some, and to loose in some. This context of known developing country positions on Mode 4(movement of natural persons and GATS VISA) and India’s efforts to keep markets open for its IT services.
USA is keen to open up this educational services sector, but worried about outsourcing of services by its domestic companies to India.
A strong domestic legislation is necessary to meet the challenges of post-WTO world.
Implications of Education Services: Concerns of many Countries focused on Knowledge-based Industries/Economies: 8/25/2006 19 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Implications of Education Services: Concerns of many Countries focused on Knowledge-based Industries/Economies A strong public education system for equitable and increasing economic welfare, cultural development, mutual understanding and functioning of democracy.
Diversity of education system requires private and public to coexist—may be delivered by the same institution/channels (including consulting)
Implications of Education Services: Concerns of many Countries focused on Knowledge-based Industries/Economies: 8/25/2006 20 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Implications of Education Services: Concerns of many Countries focused on Knowledge-based Industries/Economies 1.Any education system should conform to the title or a curriculum or any other form of specification of the education service issued by govt. or any agency mandated by the govt.
2. Public mandate should be form of the education policy enshrined in a legal act, but mere permission to deliver a service is not sufficient.
Implications of Education Services: Concerns of many Countries focused on Knowledge-based Industries/Economies: 8/25/2006 21 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Implications of Education Services: Concerns of many Countries focused on Knowledge-based Industries/Economies Third criteria: public education services corresponding to a public need for the supply of this service—This may or may not be reflected in any laws.
Universities have the obligation to assure the quality of their education services.—UGC/NAAC/AICTE/Any other body should develop guidelines and Evolve & Enforce Quality Standards.
Recent India’s Efforts: 8/25/2006 22 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Recent India’s Efforts AICTE norms (May 16,2005)—stringent;interfere in governance of the institution thus gives less autonomy for their functioning.
AIU-Bilateral recognition of degrees-stress on collaborative and mutual recognition.
NAAC-not able to manage sheer number of institutions.
May be we have to clarify --accreditation, funding, acknowledgment as a public institution or as a public service.
Recent India’s Efforts: 8/25/2006 23 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Recent India’s Efforts Both private and public education services should coexist to offer a strong, competitive, accessible, high-quality and evolving system in an open and non-discriminatory environment.
Using the flexibility of GATS, India can be a dynamic environment for education services, meeting the existing demand and enhance the attractiveness as an International location.
IGNOU-operates in 22 countries and is subjected to no country intervention on curriculum/ Education Governance
Compete and Ensure Quality Assurance in EDU Services: 8/25/2006 24 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Compete and Ensure Quality Assurance in EDU Services Creation of Safety Net and maintenance and improvement of the quality of education and research activities (protection of consumer-learners interests)
Ensuring international equivalence of degrees, diplomas (mutual/Global recognition)
The differences between countries in respect of the educational system (establishment authorization, third-party evaluation, degree granting system), roles of federal/state governments-difference in the administrative structures needs to be carefully addressed.
Compete and Ensure Quality Assurance in EDU Services: 8/25/2006 25 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Compete and Ensure Quality Assurance in EDU Services Establishment of Collaborative Research—international organisations such as OECD as well as in international groups consisting of University evaluation organs in each country; and constructing an information network on the higher education supplied across borders.
India to retain sovereign right to determine our own domestic funding and regulatory policies/measures.
Compete and Ensure Quality Assurance in EDU services: 8/25/2006 26 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Compete and Ensure Quality Assurance in EDU services To facilitate access to education and training courses that in qualitative and quantitative terms are not otherwise available.
To provide a competitive stimulus to Institutions with flow-on benefits to all students
Compete and Ensure Quality Assurance in EDU services: 8/25/2006 27 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Compete and Ensure Quality Assurance in EDU services To foster internationalization of education& enhancing flow of students between countries enable
Fostering a knowledge and appreciation of other languages, cultures and societies-to benefit students professionally and culturally.
Facilitating an exchange of people, ideas and experiences-international cross fertilization of academic knowledge
Networking relationships between individuals, groups, & institutions which can facilitate future economic, political and socio-cultural alliances.
It will under spin the desirability of facilitating greater cross-border flows of students as well as educational service providers
Issues: 8/25/2006 28 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Issues Consumption abroad:
Migration
Recognition of qualifications & funding overseas qualifications
Commercial Presence:
Limits of ownership/foreign equity
Rules on twinning arrangements which restrict the development of these institution-to-institution arrangements
Lack of transparency of government regulatory, policy and funding frameworks
Issues: 8/25/2006 29 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Issues Presence of Natural Persons:
Visa issues regulating free flow of academics
Employment rules regulating the free flow of academics.
Restrictions on the use/import of educational resources/materials( academic tools of trade)
Cross-Border Supply:
New regulatory mechanisms for the use of internet as medium of delivery of services
Restrictions on the use of/import of educational materials & resources
Way Forward: 8/25/2006 30 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Way Forward Negotiations in Education Services should take care of:
Students to have access to best education services
Should not prevent member countries from establishing own domestic education policies and regulatory measures should not prevent from the establishment
Flexibility of public funding to meet domestic policy and regulatory objectives
Comphrensive services and take care of differentiation of education services (movement of natural persons) and other services
To retain sovereign rights to screen for temporary entry immigration rules.
Way Forward: 8/25/2006 31 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Way Forward Development of Human capital making them efficient workforce by taking into mobilization of Human Capital because of Globalization, Competition and Employment across Borders
Trade in education does not equate to an erosion of core public education systems & standards—support and supplements national policy objectives
Opening up educational services with due diligent and care will benefit the participating economies
Individual
Institutional
Societal level through academic exchange, increased cross-cultural linkages and technology transfer.
Way Forward: 8/25/2006 32 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Way Forward Education at present one of the least committed of service sectors-because of “Public Good and high Government Involvement in its provision”. Freeing some levels frees up funds for more serious sectors of domestic development.
Clarifying the delineation of services between “Higher”, “Adult & Community”(CPC92400), and “Other” categories.(CPC920900).
Some interface and commitment on education agency services (recruitment & Placement) to be an sub-integral part education services at large.
Way Forward: 8/25/2006 33 ELearning conf August 2006- Prof. KS@2005 Way Forward academic study and teaching Recreational & Sporting Services are as distinct from instruction of groups or individuals in the Practice of Sports. (CPC 9641)
Regulatory Issues should collaborate with sector specific regulations and ensure transparency and fairness of Administration.
Fees and Taxes imposed on the Licensing and Royalty Payments to be reviewed.
India Can Excel in the Education Services Let all of us work together to make India Pride and Shine: India Can Excel in the Education Services Let all of us work together to make India Pride and Shine
Thank You: Thank You THANK YOU For Interaction:
Prof. K. Subramanian
ksdir@nic.in
ksmanian48@gmail.com
ksmanian20032004@yahoo.com
Tele: 23239560