Slide1: Winter Alpine Physics Alexey Abrikosov, jr. Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia Andrei Varlamov COHERENTIA, CNR-INFM, Rome, Italy


Speed scales: 0 50 100 150 200 250 km/h Speed scales


Speed skiing: Monte Rosa glacier under Matterhorn; Maximum gradient — 62° Speed skiing


Speed skiing tracks: Speed skiing tracks


Free Fall: Free fall from 1000 m Free Fall


Wind tunnel: Wind tunnel


Physical factors in speed skiing: Gravity and angle Air drag Friction Physical factors in speed skiing


Bobsleigh & Luge: The sport of bobsleigh began at the end of 19th century when the Swiss attached a steering mechanism to a toboggan. In 1897, the world's first bobsleigh club was founded in St. Moritz, Switzerland. Eugenio Monti (Italy) won 11 world championships (1957–1968 ); Bobsleigh & Luge


Track and speed: Track and speed


Addends of victory : Addends of victory Push Ride Win!


Centripetal versus centrifugal: Centripetal versus centrifugal


Physical factors in bobsleigh: Initial impulse Gravity Air drag Friction Optimal trajectory Physical factors in bobsleigh


Slide14: Luge speed record 139.4 km/h Tony Benshoof


The problem of optimal trajectory: The problem of optimal trajectory What is the fastest way from A to B? Is the straight way faster?


Brachistochrone: Brachistochrone What is the path of quickest descent from A to B? The minimal time problem


Other minimum principles: Other minimum principles Brachistochrone — minimal time problem


Cycloid: Cycloid Johann Bernoulli, 1697


Alpine Skiing: Alpine Skiing


Special Slalom: Special Slalom


History of skiing: History of skiing Cave drawing from Eastern Russia. (between 7000 and 5000 B.C.)


Telemark skis.: Telemark skis. New skis were shorter (about 2 m 40 cm) than other skis used at that time. Sondre Norheim (Telemark County, Norway, XIX century)


Fridtjof Nansen: Fridtjof Nansen Norwegian arctic explorer, zoologist and statesman; Nobel Peace Prize 1922. 12 times national champion in skiing; World record for one-mile skating. 1890 — book On Skis Over Greenland The first to cross the mid-Greenland ice cap on skis (1888).


Nansen Gallery: Nansen Gallery


Telemark turn: Telemark turn


Basics of alpine skiing: Basics of alpine skiing


Ski robots: Ski robots


Skidding: Skidding Work against friction A is proportional to swept area S


Carving revolution of 1990-ies: Carving revolution of 1990-ies


Optimal trajectory: Optimal trajectory


With and without friction: With and without friction


Swing and parametric resonace: Swing and parametric resonace


Carving and acceleration: Carving and acceleration


Center of mass in motion : Center of mass in motion


Cross-country versus Alpine: Cross-country versus Alpine Cross country Alpine


Acceleration: Acceleration


What it looks like: What it looks like Ivica Kostelic, World Champion in slalom, 2003


Altitude loss and speed gain: Altitude loss and speed gain


Speed control : Speed control Passive — skidding and carving; Active — flexion–extension.


Energy pumping: Energy pumping –


Physical factors in alpine skiing: Physical factors in alpine skiing Gravity Air drag (downhill, GS, SuperG) Friction (skidding and carving) Optimal trajectory (slalom) Flexion-extension (slalom, GS)


Gallery of Alpine Glory - I: Gallery of Alpine Glory - I


Gallery of Alpine Glory - II: Gallery of Alpine Glory - II


Gallery of Alpine Glory - III: Gallery of Alpine Glory - III


Acknowledgements: Acknowledgements Yuriy Preobrajenskiy


Slide46: Skiing is not the bliss but a perfect substitute