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Premium member Presentation Transcript Wiring for a Sustainable World : Wiring for a Sustainable World Daniel Accardo Troy Alexander Jake Collinsworth Ross Loehr Jennifer Watson What we will cover : What we will cover Smart logistics Smart buildings Smart motor systems Green data centers Collecting/recycling hazardous electronics Digital divide Smart power grids Wiring for a Sustainable World : Wiring for a Sustainable World This idea encompasses many different technological advances that can lessen the impact of humans on the earth. The following presentation will cover all applicable topics of wiring for a sustainable world, and take an in-depth look at smart grid technology and the impact this technology will have on the world. Smart Logistics : Smart Logistics Logistics is defined as the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements (Council of Logistics Management). “Smart logistics” takes this theory to the next logical step. Smart Logistics - What it does : Smart Logistics - What it does Incorporates RFID or similar technology to store location info. This info can be tracked through a reader. This allows for entire pallets of goods to be accounted for simultaneously, which in turn allows for tighter quality control . The integration of RFID tags and tracking software reduces labor costs and human error. Smart Logistics : Smart Logistics Smart Buildings : Smart Buildings Smart buildings integrate IT systems into the building management or construction process. The most basic premise of a “smart building” is one that has one or more of its systems automated and interconnected. This is accomplished by incorporating a common IT backbone, or infrastructure on a shared network that utilizes open protocol and common HMI or Human Machine Interface (Sinopoli). Smart buildings are just beginning to gain favor in the United States. The technology has been well received in countries such as Seoul, Tokyo, Singapore, and Dubai. These countries have seen the number of smart buildings outpace the number of large-scale commercial projects in the United States. Smart Buildings : Smart Buildings Smart Buildings - Benefits : Smart Buildings - Benefits Sharing networks and consolidating basic cable can reduce redundant technology and save money. Performance can be optimized through operational efficiencies. Through accurate, intelligent monitoring of the internal environment, operating costs can be controlled offsite. Security can be improved through video monitoring from a web-based security system. Smart Motor Systems : Smart Motor Systems Smart Motors - Benefits : Smart Motors - Benefits They free controllers to do other tasks. Electronic equipment on a machine can be easily modularized which allows better maintenance and easier troubleshooting. Flexibility is increased as one controller interacts with many devices which do the work. Green Data Centers : Green Data Centers A green data center is a repository for the storage, management, and dissemination of data in which the mechanical, lighting, electrical and computer systems are designed for maximum energy efficiency and minimum environmental impact. They use low emission building materials, waste recycling, installation of catalytic convertors, and alternative energy technologies for the construction and operation of green data centers. Green Data Centers : Green Data Centers Advantages Long term cost savings Enhance local community relationships Provides clean working environment Minimizing the footprint of buildings Disadvantages Large upfront cost Takes time to implement Collecting/Recycling Hazardous Electronics : Collecting/Recycling Hazardous Electronics The Electronic Waste Recycling Act (Senate Bill 50) was signed into law in 2004. This established and funded a program for consumers to return, recycle, and ensure safe and environmentally sound disposal of covered electronic devices. E-waste contains a number of toxic substances, including plastics and heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, which can cause serious adverse health effects E-waste : E-waste Digital Divide : Digital Divide Digital Divide refers to the gap between those who can benefit from digital technology and those who cannot. Closing the Digital Divide, therefore means more than just giving the poor the same technologies already received by the rich. With the technology in the world constantly changing, those that have access to those technologies have a distinct advantage. There are many organizations out there attempting to fix this issue, such as the Digital Alliance. Digital Divide and the US : Digital Divide and the US The divide may not be widening in the US, but it is deepening due to the proliferation of web applications in “life line” areas, such as online education, banking and investing, employment search and job application placement, phone communications via VoIP, e-commerce, and health care, all of which have transformed Internet broadband into a social necessity. And every day that goes by, rural communities are feeling the void. Slide 18: Smart Grid Smart Power Grids – What are they? : Smart Power Grids – What are they? What is a smart grid? The “Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007… defines the term smart grid as the modernization of the electricity delivery system that monitors, protects, and automatically optimizes the operation of its interconnected elements— from a central and distributed generator through a high-voltage transmission network and distribution system, to industrial users and building automation systems, and to end-use consumers and their thermostats, appliances, other handheld devices, and even electric vehicles” (Schneiderman) Traditional Grid : Traditional Grid Smart Grid 101 Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? : Why do we need a smart grid? “Our century-old power grid is the largest interconnected machine on Earth, so massively complex and inextricably linked to human involvement and endeavor that it has alternately (and appropriately) been called an ecosystem. It consists of more than 9,200 electric generating units with more than 1,000,000 megawatts of generating capacity connected to more than 300,000 miles of transmission lines.” (US Dept of Energy) “There have been five massive blackouts over the past 40 years, three of which have occurred in the past nine years. More blackouts and brownouts are occurring due to the slow response times of mechanical switches, a lack of automated analytics, and “poor visibility” – a “lack of situational awareness” on the part of grid operators. This issue of blackouts has far broader implications than simply waiting for the lights to come on. Imagine plant production stopped, perishable food spoiling, traffic lights dark, and credit card transactions rendered inoperable. Such are the effects of even a short regional blackout.” (US Dept of Energy) Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? Smart Grid : Smart Grid Smart Grid 101 Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? : Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? Economic Benefits of a Smart Grid Obtaining 20% of U.S. electricity from wind in 2030 would create 500,000 gross jobs and $450 billion in economic impact. Transmission congestion costs homeowners and businesses in the Eastern U.S. $22 billion per year in the form of higher electricity prices. A stronger power grid will also be more reliable, significantly reducing the immense cost of power outages for American consumers and businesses. The 2003 blackout in the Northeast U.S. and Canada caused an estimated $7-10 billion in economic losses. The solar industry can create an estimated 440,000 gross jobs and $325 billion in economic development over the next eight years. The wind energy sector alone will account for 184,000 jobs in the European Union in 2010, and an estimated 318,000 by 2020 (Smart Grid Facts) Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? : Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? Environmental Benefits of a Smart Grid “Smart Grid” enabled distribution would reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to 25%. A 25% reduction in CO2 emissions would lower electric sector CO2 emissions by 7.6 billion tons by 2030; the same impact as removing 140 million cars from the road. This reduction would in turn lower electric sector coal use by 18%, electric sector natural gas use by 50%, and avoid the construction of 80,000 megawatts (MW) of new coal-fired power plants. The wind power capacity installed in Europe by the end of 2007 (56.5 GW) will eliminate the emission of about 90 million tons of CO2 per year The use of wind as 20% of the U.S. power supply would save 4 trillion gallons of water between now and 2030 (Smart Grid Facts) Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? : Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? Smart Grid as an Energy Solution A state-of-the-art high-capacity transmission line can carry as much electricity as six standard lines, at 1/3rd the cost, using 25% less land, and with 1/10th the line losses. Cyber-security technologies to reduce the grid’s vulnerability to terrorist attacks will only be effective with an upgraded digital system. Almost 300,000 MW of proposed wind projects, more than enough to meet 20% of our electricity needs, are waiting in line to connect to the grid because there is inadequate transmission capacity to carry the electricity they would produce. Smart grid enabled energy management systems have proven in pilots to be able to reduce electricity usage by 10–15%, and up to 43% of critical peak loads (Smart Grid Facts) Slide 26: What technologies will make the Smart Grid a reality? Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) This system would relay energy price signals on a real-time basis to “smart” appliances and controllers in the home These appliances then react according to preset consumer preferences and decide how to operate. No need for human interaction to make the appliances react properly and efficiently Consumption Preferences Price signals Utility Company Home appliances and controls Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? These communications with home controls and appliances are becoming known as home area networks (HANs) and companies like GE are turning their interconnectivity into a wireless communication process. GE has developed applications to run worldwide with microwave access networks (WiMAX) in the hopes they will increase grid efficiency, create more proactive response to possible issues and shortfalls, and help reduce long term costs. Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? The emerging smart grid technologies are expected to be mostly wireless as they are developed and become integrated. ”In fact, wireless carriers and system vendors are already carving out a role for themselves in this market. IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) officially formed its own smart grid initiative in May 2009, focusing on power engineering, communications and IT, and launched a project to create The IEEE Standard 2030 Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System (EPS) and End-Use Applications and Loads. The guide (IEEE-SA P2030) is expected to provide a knowledge framework for understanding the defining smart grid interoperability of the electric power system with end-use applications. It’s designed to set the stage for future smart grid standards.” (Schneiderman) Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? Visualization technology is in development to help the future smart grid be more aware and provide accurate and detailed information on a real–time basis for more complete and thorough monitoring. The system being developed by the DOE is called Visualizing Energy Resources Dynamically on Earth (VERDE) and it will incorporate information about the local weather and the condition of the local grids along with data from different sensors to be able to discern information from the city level to the street level to diagnose and fix any possible issues before they occur or very quickly after they arise. It will also provide vital data regarding the performance of the grids over time. This type of info is also being integrated with Google Earth to take full advantage of the platform that has already been created. This will help improve efficiencies and make planning for consumption easier and more thorough. Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? Phasor Measurement Units are currently used to measure the voltage going through any given point in the grid. These are typically taken every few seconds to keep a constant eye on the health and workload that is being run through the lines to help ease the load and predict and even prevent blackout situations. With better smart grid enhancements, these PMU’s can be taken more frequently and provide better clarity on how much energy is being used and when. This will lead to improved grid maintenance and control which will improve long term efficiencies. The grid can be optimized and used beyond its current potential without needing to add much additional infrastructure. For instance, the smart grid being developed will incorporate all types of technologies and increase the idea of “distributed generation” where consumers play a bigger part in energy generation by employing technologies like solar panels and wind turbines (as the technology allows) and bring generation closer to communities. The closer to the source one can be to an energy generator, the more efficient, cost effective, and environmentally sound. Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? “The HomeGrid Forum has been formed as a global trade group specifically to develop next-generation, unified coaxial phone line and global power line home networking standards and to promote their adoption.” This forum has led to a project to “address home networking electric vehicle communications and grid access aspects of energy management, based largely on existing low-frequency narrowband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing technology“ (Schneiderman) “They have the ability to connect hundreds of end products in and outside of the home, allowing manufacturers and service providers to overcome traditional challenges while enabling new functionality,” says Matthew Theall, president of the HomeGrid Forum and a technology strategist at Intel executive. In June, the G.hn standard for next generation wired home networks was approved by the United Nations’ ITU-T. All three components of the new standard— the Data Link Layer (G.9961), Physical Layer (G.9960), and the coexistence protocol (G.9972)—are now complete. Several manufacturers are expected to bring semiconductors for multimedia home networking to market later this year” (Schneiderman) Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? Standardization is critical for long term success The importance for standardization stands out. If companies can’t decide on consistent components and uniformly accepted practices then a smart grid will not be possible. To be able to integrate such differing technologies as geothermal, solar, wind, and hydroelectric energy is a very difficult task. To do so seamlessly in a grid as sophisticated and complex as our nation’s will prove impossible without vast standardization to allow the separate components to work in a harmonious fashion. Along with standardization, programs like the DOE’s Solar Energy Grid Integration System (SEGIS) will help fully integrate the grid. This involves a suite of tools and technology that will result in more effective acceptance of solar power into the grid and increase distributed generation potential. Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? Automatic meter reading (AMR) will allow for remote meter monitoring and accurately integrated real-time information to flow both from the source to the generators and vice-versa. This will allow for never before attained control and monitoring that will serve to enhance efficiency. Demand for energy is growing at a faster pace than our grid has been able to keep up with, resulting in more issues and higher costs for everyone. With better monitoring, peak demand hours can be better anticipated and planned for to promote smoother grid function and reduce the likelihood for blackouts or increased peak electricity demand premiums. Slide 35: Studies of Potential Technologies Smart Power Grids – What has been/ is being done? : Smart Power Grids – What has been/ is being done? Distribution Management System (DMS) Platform by the University of Hawaii This will emphasize advanced metering systems for enhanced communications and monitoring, automated home response technology, and more thorough management of distributed generation potential throughout the grid “Home energy management of this type will enable consumers to take control, automating energy conservation and demand response practices based on their personal preferences. The home automation will be based on the SmartMeter and ecoDashboard products from General Electric. The SmartMeter with a ZigBee network will communicate with household appliances, and the dashboard will automate controls of their operations. In addition, this platform will provide ancillary services to the local utility such as spinning reserve, load-following regulation, and intermittency management for wind and solar energy. This platform will be deployed at the Maui Lani Substation in Maui, Hawaii.” (US Dept of Energy) Smart Power Grids – What has been/ is being done? : Smart Power Grids – What has been/ is being done? High Penetration of Clean Energy Technologies by The City of Fort Collins This initiative’s purpose is to update the electrical distribution system in the city by creating a system where different energy sources can be integrated and work together to increase efficiencies and promote reliable, renewable energy options. “In fact, this DOE-supported project involves the integration of a mix of nearly 30 distributed generation, renewable energy, and demand response resources across 5 customer locations for an aggregated capacity of more than 3.5 Megawatts.” (US Dept of Energy) The renewable sources that are being integrated into the electric system range include photovoltaic (PV), internal combustion engines, backup generators, wind, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), fuel cells and so on. This study will help improve methods for integration of different energy sources into one grid and develop methods to improve the way we are integrating technologies Sources : Sources Council of Logistics Management, http://www.clm1.org/mission.html, 12 Feb 98) Stefansson, Gunnar. Smart Logistics Systems. Presented at 11th World Conference on Transport Research in 2007 Schuh, Gunther. Further Potentials of Smart Logistics. Manufacturing Systems and Technologies for the New Frontier. 2008, Part 3, 93-96, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84800-267-8_18 Jawad, Karim. Smart Logistics: Transparency During Transport. http://www-05.ibm.com/be/ibmforum/pdf/IBM_Smart_Logistics_ZLB_SolutionBrief_E.pdf Katzel, Jeanine. Intelligence at the Device. Control Engineering. 12 January 2010 http://www.controlengeurope.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=30729 Godbole, Kedar. Improve Energy Efficiency With DSP Smart Motor Control. Digital Motor Control Applications, Semiconductor Group, Texas Instruments http://e-ditionsbyfry.com/Olive/ODE/ECNSupp/default.aspx?href=ECN%2F2004%2F07%2F01&pageno=47&entity=Ar04700&view=entity Johnson, Emma. Building IQ: intelligent buildings are becoming part of global real estate market. Journal of Property Management. 2007 http://www.allbusiness.com/operations/facilities-commercial-real-estate/4501718-1.html Sinopoli, Jim. How Do Smart Buildings Make a Building Green? 2007. http://www.automatedbuildings.com/news/dec07/articles/sinopoli/071129114606sinopoli.htm "What Is Green Data Center? - Definition from Whatis.com." Data Center Information, News and Tips - SearchDataCenter.com. 05 Apr. 2006. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/green-data-center>. Miller, Rich. "Fannie Mae’s Pioneering Green Data Center « Data Center Knowledge." Data Center Knowledge: Data Centers, Design, Power, Cooling. 22 Apr. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2010/04/22/fannie-maes-pioneering-green-data-center/>. GreenerComputing, By. "IBM Launches First Two-Year Green Data Center Degree | Business | GreenBiz.com." Green Business News, Resources, and Sustainability Career Tools | Business | GreenBiz.com. 02 Sept. 2009. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://www.greenbiz.com/news/2009/09/02/ibm-launches-first-two-year-green-data-center-degree>. Department of Toxic Substance Control. "Electronic Hazardous Waste (E-Waste)." Welcome to the Department of Toxic Substances Control. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/HazardousWaste/EWaste/>. Department of Toxic Substance Control. "Electronic Waste: More Information." Welcome to the Department of Toxic Substances Control. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/HazardousWaste/EWaste/MoreInfo.cfm>. Arrison, Sonia. "What Digital Divide? - CNET News." Technology News - CNET News. 13 Mar. 2002. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://news.cnet.com/2010-1071-858537.html>.http://www.digitaldivide.net/ Digital Alliance. "The Digital Divide Problem: The Digital Alliance Foundation." Digital Alliance Foundation: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Education for All (EFA). Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://www.ictefa.org/problem.html>. Infostructure. "The Digital Divide – A Social Problem - InfoBlog – VoIP, Telephone, Internet." SIP VOIP Phone Provider | Http://infostructure.net. 23 Oct. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://infostructure.net/infoblog/74>. Schneiderman, R.; , "Smart Grid Represents a Potentially Huge Market for the Electronics Industry [Special Reports]," Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE , vol.27, no.5, pp.8-15, Sept. 2010doi: 10.1109/MSP.2010.937501 US Dept of Energy "The Smart Grid: An Introduction”, 2010. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://www.oe.energy.gov/DocumentsandMedia/DOE_SG_Book_Single_Pages%281%29.pdf>. "Smart Grid Facts." Energy Future Coalition. Web. 19 Nov. 2010. <http://www.energyfuturecoalition.org/files/webfmuploads/Transmission%20Smart%20Grid%20Fact%20Sheet%2002.20.09.pdf>. "Smart Grid 101." Smart Grid: The Tuesday Topic - Smart Grid News. 21 Jan. 2010. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. <http://www.smartgridnews.com/artman/publish/Business_Smart_Grid_101_Resources/The-Traditional-Grid-1599.html>. Slide 39: Questions? You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
wiring for a sustainable world Owen08 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 205 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: December 02, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description Technoholics Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Wiring for a Sustainable World : Wiring for a Sustainable World Daniel Accardo Troy Alexander Jake Collinsworth Ross Loehr Jennifer Watson What we will cover : What we will cover Smart logistics Smart buildings Smart motor systems Green data centers Collecting/recycling hazardous electronics Digital divide Smart power grids Wiring for a Sustainable World : Wiring for a Sustainable World This idea encompasses many different technological advances that can lessen the impact of humans on the earth. The following presentation will cover all applicable topics of wiring for a sustainable world, and take an in-depth look at smart grid technology and the impact this technology will have on the world. Smart Logistics : Smart Logistics Logistics is defined as the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements (Council of Logistics Management). “Smart logistics” takes this theory to the next logical step. Smart Logistics - What it does : Smart Logistics - What it does Incorporates RFID or similar technology to store location info. This info can be tracked through a reader. This allows for entire pallets of goods to be accounted for simultaneously, which in turn allows for tighter quality control . The integration of RFID tags and tracking software reduces labor costs and human error. Smart Logistics : Smart Logistics Smart Buildings : Smart Buildings Smart buildings integrate IT systems into the building management or construction process. The most basic premise of a “smart building” is one that has one or more of its systems automated and interconnected. This is accomplished by incorporating a common IT backbone, or infrastructure on a shared network that utilizes open protocol and common HMI or Human Machine Interface (Sinopoli). Smart buildings are just beginning to gain favor in the United States. The technology has been well received in countries such as Seoul, Tokyo, Singapore, and Dubai. These countries have seen the number of smart buildings outpace the number of large-scale commercial projects in the United States. Smart Buildings : Smart Buildings Smart Buildings - Benefits : Smart Buildings - Benefits Sharing networks and consolidating basic cable can reduce redundant technology and save money. Performance can be optimized through operational efficiencies. Through accurate, intelligent monitoring of the internal environment, operating costs can be controlled offsite. Security can be improved through video monitoring from a web-based security system. Smart Motor Systems : Smart Motor Systems Smart Motors - Benefits : Smart Motors - Benefits They free controllers to do other tasks. Electronic equipment on a machine can be easily modularized which allows better maintenance and easier troubleshooting. Flexibility is increased as one controller interacts with many devices which do the work. Green Data Centers : Green Data Centers A green data center is a repository for the storage, management, and dissemination of data in which the mechanical, lighting, electrical and computer systems are designed for maximum energy efficiency and minimum environmental impact. They use low emission building materials, waste recycling, installation of catalytic convertors, and alternative energy technologies for the construction and operation of green data centers. Green Data Centers : Green Data Centers Advantages Long term cost savings Enhance local community relationships Provides clean working environment Minimizing the footprint of buildings Disadvantages Large upfront cost Takes time to implement Collecting/Recycling Hazardous Electronics : Collecting/Recycling Hazardous Electronics The Electronic Waste Recycling Act (Senate Bill 50) was signed into law in 2004. This established and funded a program for consumers to return, recycle, and ensure safe and environmentally sound disposal of covered electronic devices. E-waste contains a number of toxic substances, including plastics and heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, which can cause serious adverse health effects E-waste : E-waste Digital Divide : Digital Divide Digital Divide refers to the gap between those who can benefit from digital technology and those who cannot. Closing the Digital Divide, therefore means more than just giving the poor the same technologies already received by the rich. With the technology in the world constantly changing, those that have access to those technologies have a distinct advantage. There are many organizations out there attempting to fix this issue, such as the Digital Alliance. Digital Divide and the US : Digital Divide and the US The divide may not be widening in the US, but it is deepening due to the proliferation of web applications in “life line” areas, such as online education, banking and investing, employment search and job application placement, phone communications via VoIP, e-commerce, and health care, all of which have transformed Internet broadband into a social necessity. And every day that goes by, rural communities are feeling the void. Slide 18: Smart Grid Smart Power Grids – What are they? : Smart Power Grids – What are they? What is a smart grid? The “Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007… defines the term smart grid as the modernization of the electricity delivery system that monitors, protects, and automatically optimizes the operation of its interconnected elements— from a central and distributed generator through a high-voltage transmission network and distribution system, to industrial users and building automation systems, and to end-use consumers and their thermostats, appliances, other handheld devices, and even electric vehicles” (Schneiderman) Traditional Grid : Traditional Grid Smart Grid 101 Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? : Why do we need a smart grid? “Our century-old power grid is the largest interconnected machine on Earth, so massively complex and inextricably linked to human involvement and endeavor that it has alternately (and appropriately) been called an ecosystem. It consists of more than 9,200 electric generating units with more than 1,000,000 megawatts of generating capacity connected to more than 300,000 miles of transmission lines.” (US Dept of Energy) “There have been five massive blackouts over the past 40 years, three of which have occurred in the past nine years. More blackouts and brownouts are occurring due to the slow response times of mechanical switches, a lack of automated analytics, and “poor visibility” – a “lack of situational awareness” on the part of grid operators. This issue of blackouts has far broader implications than simply waiting for the lights to come on. Imagine plant production stopped, perishable food spoiling, traffic lights dark, and credit card transactions rendered inoperable. Such are the effects of even a short regional blackout.” (US Dept of Energy) Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? Smart Grid : Smart Grid Smart Grid 101 Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? : Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? Economic Benefits of a Smart Grid Obtaining 20% of U.S. electricity from wind in 2030 would create 500,000 gross jobs and $450 billion in economic impact. Transmission congestion costs homeowners and businesses in the Eastern U.S. $22 billion per year in the form of higher electricity prices. A stronger power grid will also be more reliable, significantly reducing the immense cost of power outages for American consumers and businesses. The 2003 blackout in the Northeast U.S. and Canada caused an estimated $7-10 billion in economic losses. The solar industry can create an estimated 440,000 gross jobs and $325 billion in economic development over the next eight years. The wind energy sector alone will account for 184,000 jobs in the European Union in 2010, and an estimated 318,000 by 2020 (Smart Grid Facts) Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? : Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? Environmental Benefits of a Smart Grid “Smart Grid” enabled distribution would reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to 25%. A 25% reduction in CO2 emissions would lower electric sector CO2 emissions by 7.6 billion tons by 2030; the same impact as removing 140 million cars from the road. This reduction would in turn lower electric sector coal use by 18%, electric sector natural gas use by 50%, and avoid the construction of 80,000 megawatts (MW) of new coal-fired power plants. The wind power capacity installed in Europe by the end of 2007 (56.5 GW) will eliminate the emission of about 90 million tons of CO2 per year The use of wind as 20% of the U.S. power supply would save 4 trillion gallons of water between now and 2030 (Smart Grid Facts) Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? : Smart Power Grids – Why do we need them? Smart Grid as an Energy Solution A state-of-the-art high-capacity transmission line can carry as much electricity as six standard lines, at 1/3rd the cost, using 25% less land, and with 1/10th the line losses. Cyber-security technologies to reduce the grid’s vulnerability to terrorist attacks will only be effective with an upgraded digital system. Almost 300,000 MW of proposed wind projects, more than enough to meet 20% of our electricity needs, are waiting in line to connect to the grid because there is inadequate transmission capacity to carry the electricity they would produce. Smart grid enabled energy management systems have proven in pilots to be able to reduce electricity usage by 10–15%, and up to 43% of critical peak loads (Smart Grid Facts) Slide 26: What technologies will make the Smart Grid a reality? Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) This system would relay energy price signals on a real-time basis to “smart” appliances and controllers in the home These appliances then react according to preset consumer preferences and decide how to operate. No need for human interaction to make the appliances react properly and efficiently Consumption Preferences Price signals Utility Company Home appliances and controls Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? These communications with home controls and appliances are becoming known as home area networks (HANs) and companies like GE are turning their interconnectivity into a wireless communication process. GE has developed applications to run worldwide with microwave access networks (WiMAX) in the hopes they will increase grid efficiency, create more proactive response to possible issues and shortfalls, and help reduce long term costs. Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? The emerging smart grid technologies are expected to be mostly wireless as they are developed and become integrated. ”In fact, wireless carriers and system vendors are already carving out a role for themselves in this market. IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) officially formed its own smart grid initiative in May 2009, focusing on power engineering, communications and IT, and launched a project to create The IEEE Standard 2030 Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System (EPS) and End-Use Applications and Loads. The guide (IEEE-SA P2030) is expected to provide a knowledge framework for understanding the defining smart grid interoperability of the electric power system with end-use applications. It’s designed to set the stage for future smart grid standards.” (Schneiderman) Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? Visualization technology is in development to help the future smart grid be more aware and provide accurate and detailed information on a real–time basis for more complete and thorough monitoring. The system being developed by the DOE is called Visualizing Energy Resources Dynamically on Earth (VERDE) and it will incorporate information about the local weather and the condition of the local grids along with data from different sensors to be able to discern information from the city level to the street level to diagnose and fix any possible issues before they occur or very quickly after they arise. It will also provide vital data regarding the performance of the grids over time. This type of info is also being integrated with Google Earth to take full advantage of the platform that has already been created. This will help improve efficiencies and make planning for consumption easier and more thorough. Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? Phasor Measurement Units are currently used to measure the voltage going through any given point in the grid. These are typically taken every few seconds to keep a constant eye on the health and workload that is being run through the lines to help ease the load and predict and even prevent blackout situations. With better smart grid enhancements, these PMU’s can be taken more frequently and provide better clarity on how much energy is being used and when. This will lead to improved grid maintenance and control which will improve long term efficiencies. The grid can be optimized and used beyond its current potential without needing to add much additional infrastructure. For instance, the smart grid being developed will incorporate all types of technologies and increase the idea of “distributed generation” where consumers play a bigger part in energy generation by employing technologies like solar panels and wind turbines (as the technology allows) and bring generation closer to communities. The closer to the source one can be to an energy generator, the more efficient, cost effective, and environmentally sound. Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? “The HomeGrid Forum has been formed as a global trade group specifically to develop next-generation, unified coaxial phone line and global power line home networking standards and to promote their adoption.” This forum has led to a project to “address home networking electric vehicle communications and grid access aspects of energy management, based largely on existing low-frequency narrowband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing technology“ (Schneiderman) “They have the ability to connect hundreds of end products in and outside of the home, allowing manufacturers and service providers to overcome traditional challenges while enabling new functionality,” says Matthew Theall, president of the HomeGrid Forum and a technology strategist at Intel executive. In June, the G.hn standard for next generation wired home networks was approved by the United Nations’ ITU-T. All three components of the new standard— the Data Link Layer (G.9961), Physical Layer (G.9960), and the coexistence protocol (G.9972)—are now complete. Several manufacturers are expected to bring semiconductors for multimedia home networking to market later this year” (Schneiderman) Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? Standardization is critical for long term success The importance for standardization stands out. If companies can’t decide on consistent components and uniformly accepted practices then a smart grid will not be possible. To be able to integrate such differing technologies as geothermal, solar, wind, and hydroelectric energy is a very difficult task. To do so seamlessly in a grid as sophisticated and complex as our nation’s will prove impossible without vast standardization to allow the separate components to work in a harmonious fashion. Along with standardization, programs like the DOE’s Solar Energy Grid Integration System (SEGIS) will help fully integrate the grid. This involves a suite of tools and technology that will result in more effective acceptance of solar power into the grid and increase distributed generation potential. Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? : Smart Power Grids – What will make them a reality? Automatic meter reading (AMR) will allow for remote meter monitoring and accurately integrated real-time information to flow both from the source to the generators and vice-versa. This will allow for never before attained control and monitoring that will serve to enhance efficiency. Demand for energy is growing at a faster pace than our grid has been able to keep up with, resulting in more issues and higher costs for everyone. With better monitoring, peak demand hours can be better anticipated and planned for to promote smoother grid function and reduce the likelihood for blackouts or increased peak electricity demand premiums. Slide 35: Studies of Potential Technologies Smart Power Grids – What has been/ is being done? : Smart Power Grids – What has been/ is being done? Distribution Management System (DMS) Platform by the University of Hawaii This will emphasize advanced metering systems for enhanced communications and monitoring, automated home response technology, and more thorough management of distributed generation potential throughout the grid “Home energy management of this type will enable consumers to take control, automating energy conservation and demand response practices based on their personal preferences. The home automation will be based on the SmartMeter and ecoDashboard products from General Electric. The SmartMeter with a ZigBee network will communicate with household appliances, and the dashboard will automate controls of their operations. In addition, this platform will provide ancillary services to the local utility such as spinning reserve, load-following regulation, and intermittency management for wind and solar energy. This platform will be deployed at the Maui Lani Substation in Maui, Hawaii.” (US Dept of Energy) Smart Power Grids – What has been/ is being done? : Smart Power Grids – What has been/ is being done? High Penetration of Clean Energy Technologies by The City of Fort Collins This initiative’s purpose is to update the electrical distribution system in the city by creating a system where different energy sources can be integrated and work together to increase efficiencies and promote reliable, renewable energy options. “In fact, this DOE-supported project involves the integration of a mix of nearly 30 distributed generation, renewable energy, and demand response resources across 5 customer locations for an aggregated capacity of more than 3.5 Megawatts.” (US Dept of Energy) The renewable sources that are being integrated into the electric system range include photovoltaic (PV), internal combustion engines, backup generators, wind, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), fuel cells and so on. 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