Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) SSIS New Technology Course - 24th Jan 2007
T.E.A.T.
Modality, motivations, objectives, caveats, evaluation
Prospective Syllabus
(in my head, a priori)
Retrospective syllabus
(online, a posteriori)
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Modality - 24th Jan 2007
Modality:
Blended course.
BL is a combination of face-to-face (FtF)
and computer assisted learning (CAL)
in a single teaching and learning environment.
The most important aim of a Blended Learning design
is to find
the most effective and efficient combination
of the two modes of learning
for the individual learning subjects,
contexts
and objectives.
(Petra Neumeier, 2005, A closer look at blended learning – parameters for designing a blended learning environment for language teaching and learning, ReCALL, 17 (2): 163–178). Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT)
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Modality - 24th Jan 2007
So, the will be:
FtF lectures (like this one)
Students’ needs assessment (quickly)
Personalized curricula, via:
Classroom interaction
D-learning
Web-based materials
Traditional bibliography
A dedicated Forum
A newsletter, if you so wish
E-mail? Hmmmm... Depends
Negative feedback interaction (Forum)
Common final assessment (=exam) Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT)
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Objectives - 24th Jan 2007
Objectives of this course:
Assuming a basic knowledge of PC usage for everyday needs,
get students (you) to a critical level of tool evaluation, and
develop individual ability to process, edit, produce original materials for language teaching
with the aid of the Web, PowerPoint, Hot Potatoes, FrontPage, etc., and
foster students’ confidence and awareness of techniques, environments, tools, possibilities used wordwode to teach FLs.
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Motivations - 24th Jan 2007
Yvonne Lam, 2000, Technophilia vs Technophobia: A preliminary look at why second-language teachers do or do not use technology in their classrooms, Canadian Modern Language Review, Vol. 56, No. 3
It is "unfair to brand teachers as technophobic"
and it is a lack of knowledge and support
rather than fear that prevents teachers
from effectively integrating technology
into their second language curriculum.
Slide6 : Languages come free
They also go away free
http://www.gazzaro.it/s/forum
Pls. follow instructions to enroll
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Motivations - 24th Jan 2007
In fact, one of the implications is that teachers need
more than a "how-to" lesson on technology,
they need
effective professional development
to allow them
to explore ways to use technology in their classrooms.
Teachers need to be directly involved
in the implementing of new technology...
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Motivations - 24th Jan 2007
The needs of teachers and students
need to be taken into careful consideration
in order for technology to meet its potential
in the classroom context...
Giving teachers time and resources
to help them to be effective users of technology
is a necessary part of effective implementation.
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Motivations - 24th Jan 2007
John Irving, major writer.
Does not even know how to switch on a computer.
Are computers useless then?
In the literary world at least?
He has an assistant reading his manuscripts,
typing them up on a PC and editing them on a PC.
So...
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Motivations - 24th Jan 2007
You just cannot do without a computer,
at least to communicate in written form.
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Motivations - 24th Jan 2007
A few examples:
http://www.gazzaro.it/accents/files/EngVowels.html Click on a sound to hear the English vowels pronounced by John Wells, Susan Ramsaran and Peter Ladefoged http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/course/chapter1/wells/wells.html Peter Ladefoged's vowels http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/course/chapter1/vowels.html Peter Ladefoged's consonants http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/course/chapter1/consonants1.html
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Motivations - 24th Jan 2007
UCL, London
Phonetic symbols http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/johnm/flash/flashin.htm Voice http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/wtutor?tutorial=siphtra/vb1.htm Plosives: http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/wtutor?tutorial=siphtra/plostut1/plostut1.htm Intonation http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/johnm/oi/oiin.htm
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Motivations - 24th Jan 2007
Phonetic symbols http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~rogers/phthong.228/phthong228.html
Transcribed words: http://www.antimoon.com/how/pronunc-trans.htm
Some class revision:
IPA symbols
Phonemic Nursery Rhymes
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Motivations - 24th Jan 2007
Linguistics Course (University of Pennsylvania)
Linguistics (Università di Lausanne)
Linguistics (Russell)
Linguistics (Ladefoged)
Aphasias (afasie)
www.gazzaro.it/b/lab
www.gazzaro.it/accents
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Motivations - 24th Jan 2007
We all use technology for things like
Electronic Postcards
Online Writing Labs (OWLs)
Keypals
Mailing Lists
ChatBots (www.manifestation.com/neurotoys/eliza.php3)
MOO
Media News
Web Searching (Webquests)
Students’ recordings
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Motivations - 24th Jan 2007
Pc as Tutor vs. PC as Tool (DE SZENDEFFY, J. 2005. A Practical Guide to Using Computers in Language Teaching. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press)
Ten Commandments:
Focus on activities, not software
Wade in slowly
Teach (walk, look, talk, listen)
Appreciate the richness of possibilities
Prepare, be patient
Drive, don’t be driven (to despair)
Invest in Training
Plan, buffer, pace activities
Be a tour guide
Foster autonomy, initiative, enthusiasm
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Caveats - 24th Jan 2007
You do not NEED technology to be a good teacher
BUT
Good teachers know when, how, where to use technology
And when NOT to use it
Fashions have to be sifted
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Caveats - 24th Jan 2007
Not all students benefit from technology
Techology is NOT a time-saver
Nor is it a money-saver
Nor is it a staff-saver
We must be able to assess it and use it critically = creatively
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Caveats - 24th Jan 2007
Technology is UNSTABLE in at least two ways:
computers backfire
tools change quickly
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Prospective Syllabus - 24th Jan 2007
The prospective syllabus shows what is done in a complete 80-hours course.
We won’t manage everything. The retrospective syllabus will tell you what was actually done, week by week.
Better to know a little in depth rather than a lot superficially...
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Prospective Syllabus - 24th Jan 2007
Folders, FileNames and Extensions
Files are saved on hard disk in folders, each file with an extension usually of three letters. Identifying its typology (.doc for Word Documents, .mpg or .avi for film clips, .mp3 for audio, etc.) There are sites identifying unknown extensions (ie. http://filext.com/).
Use folders to keep your work tidy
Back up often to CDs or DVDs, or better to an External Hard Disk
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Prospective Syllabus - 24th Jan 2007
Ignore the following 9 slides for studying purposes, they just give a general idea of what THEORETICALLY one should know before using technology in language teaching
We will not touch on every single point.
The REAL course begins here.
Search : Search Searching by right-clicking on a folder: asterisk = any character; *.doc will find any Word document
You can also specify text within the files, dates and size specifications to limit your searches
The TAB key can be used to skip from one link to the next in Internet Explorer. Shift+TAB skips backwards.
31st Jan 2007 : 31st Jan 2007 File protection: encryption and decryption
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
Digital Text Editing Notepad, NoteTab, NotePro, MS Word, Ooo Writer.
The Alt Key: ALT+Tab, ALT+letter menus.
The Control Key: CNTRL+S, CNTRL+C, CNTRL+X, CNTRL+V
CNTRL+Home, CNTR+End
Save, Save As..., Save As Web Page, Versions, Properties.
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Edit: Undo, Clipboard, Paste Special, Select All, Find/Replace (with Word special codes), Find/Replace (with NoteTab Regular Expressions), GoTo Page, Section, Bookmark, Comment, Table, Graphic, Heading).
Sections: continuous, new column, new page, even page, odd page.
Page Format: Margins, Headers, Footers, LS.
Paragraph formatting: L/R margins, LS, paragraph line spacing,
View: Normal, Web Layout, Print Layout, Outline View, Ruler, Header/Footer.
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Printing: page order, Front/Back, Hidden text, Graphics, Print Preview, Outside Margin error.
Insert: Break, Page Numbers, Symbol, Cmment, Footnote, Caption, Cross-Reference, Picture, Bookmark, Object
Format: Font, Paragraph, Lists, Tabs, Case
Styles (normal, header, footnote)
Tools: Spelling, Track Changes, Compare Documents, Macros, Templates
Templates: Loading templates and add-ins; Unloading templates and add-ins
Tables: Insert, Merge cells, Document Properties.
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) 5th Feb 2007
Data management: Excel
Odering Data
Formulas
Statistics
Charts
PowerPoint: Create a Presentation, Importing data from Word, Inserting sound, clips and images. Exporting. PowerPoint Masters.
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) 12th Feb 2007
PowerPoint: Create a Presentation, Importing data from Word, Inserting sound, clips and images. Exporting. PowerPoint Masters.
The Internet
Internet: Google Searches
Internet: Dictionaries
Internet: Wiki- (-pedia, -books, -searches)
Chatterbots
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) 19th Feb 2007
M-learning, MALL, PDAs, Texting
Moodle, Skype, podcasts
Listservs, Forums, Newscasts
MOOs
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) 26th Feb 2007
Production
Hot Potatoes, Crossword puzzles, FrontPage
7th Mar 2007
Lab and revision (in computer lab @ Lingue)
14th Mar 2007
Lab and revision (in computer lab @ Lingue)
End-of-Course Evaluation : End-of-Course Evaluation There will be a written exam, on PC in the lab @ Lingue, with:
a group of open theoretical questions on CALL, based on a minimal bibliography (cf. hareafter) and on personal readings the students will have done;
a group of Multiple Choice theoretical questions on PC-related topics, DTE, web-tools, programs for teaching, corpora, etc.
A few practical tasks to perform and discuss/describe in English (computers under your spell).
The exam will be all in English.
Marking system: 20% on 1; 20% on 2; 30 % on 3; 30% on language proficiency.
Bibliography : Bibliography Texts in grey are optional, those in black are mandatory.
Students will read at least the 3 ‘black’ articles, and 2 or 3 of the optional ones, according to their interests. There will be a part of the exam on the mandatory (‘black’) readings, and one optional question on the ‘grey’ readings.
DAVIES, GRAHAM. 2006. Computer Assisted Language Learning: Where are we now and where are we going?, at http://www.camsoftpartners.co.uk/docs/UCALL_Keynote.htm, last accessed: 05 January 2007, last updated: 30 December 2006.
BAX, STEPHEN. 2003. CALL - past, present and future. System, 31:13-28.
FELIX, USCHI. 2003. Teaching languages online: Deconstructing the myths. Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 19 (1):118-38.
————. 2006. E-learning pedagogy in the third millennium: the need for combining social and cognitive constructivist approaches. ReCALL, 17 (1).
NEUMEIER, PETRA. 2006. A closer look at blended learning: parameters for designing a blended learning environment for language teaching and learning. ReCALL, 17 (2).
KUPETZ, RITA, e BIRGIT ZIEGENMEYER. 2006. Blended learning in a teacher training course: Integrated interactive e-learning and contact learning. ReCALL, 17 (2).
HARKER, MIHYE, e DMITRA KOUTSANTONI. 2006. Can it be as effective? Distance versus blended learning in a web-based EAP programme. ReCALL, 17 (2).
LELOUP, JEAN, e ROBERT PONTEIRO. 2006. Foreign Language Teachers' Greatest Hits [downloaded on 24th January 2007]. 10 (3):3-7.
CHINNERY, GEORGE M. 2006. Going to the MALL: Mobile Assisted Language Learning [retrieved on 12th January 2007]. Language Learning & Technology, 10 (1):9-16, (available at http://llt.msu.edu/).
FRYER, LUKE, e ROLLO CARPENTER. 2006. Bots as Language Learning Tools [retrieved on 24th January 2007]. Language Learning & Technology, 10 (3):8-14, (available at http://llt.msu.edu/).
GODWIN-JONES, ROBERT. 2005. Skype and Podcasting: Disruptive Technologies for Language Learning [retrieved on 24th January 2007]. Language Learning & Technology, 9 (3):9-12, (available at http://llt.msu.edu/).
STUDZINSKA-CAVOUR, GRAZYNA. 2006. CALL, WELL and TELL: Fostering Autonomy: Selected Papers from EUROCALL 2005, Kraków, Jagiellonian University, Poland. ReCALL, 18 (1):1-3, (available at.
Bibliography : Bibliography WALZ, JOEL. 2001. Reading Hypertext: Lower Level Processes. Canadian Modern Language Review, 57 (3):1-3, [available at http://www.caslt.org/research/readinghypertext.htm].
HÉMARD, DOMINIQUE. 2006. Evaluating hypermedia structures as a means of improving language learning strategies and motivation. ReCALL, 18 (1).
GODWIN-JONES, ROBERT. 2004. Language in Action: From Webquests to Virtual Realities [retrieved on 12th January 2007]. Language Learning & Technology, 8 (3):9-14, [available at http://llt.msu.edu/].
CHAMBERS, ANGELA. 2005. Integrating Corpus Consultation in Language Studies [retrieved on 12th January 2007]. Language Learning & Technology, 9 (2):111-25, [available at http://llt.msu.edu/].
BRANDL, KLAUS. 2005. Are You Ready to "Moodle"? [retrieved on 12th January 2007]. Language Learning & Technology, 9 (2):16-23, [available at http://llt.msu.edu/].
WARNER, CHANTELLE N. 2004. It's Just a Game, Right? Types of Play in Foreign Language CMC [retrieved on 12th January 2007]. Language Learning & Technology, 8 (2):69-87, [available at http://llt.msu.edu/].
Bibliography : Bibliography Books (for future, post-exam reference)
CHAPELLE, CAROL A. 2003. English Language Learning and Technology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
DE SZENDEFFY, J. 2005. A Practical Guide to Using Computers in Language Teaching. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
FOTOS, SANDRA, e CHARLES M. BROWNE eds. 2004. New Perspectives on CALL for Second Language Classrooms (Series. ReCALL). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
BARR, DAVID. 2004. ICT: Integrating Computers in Teaching: Creating a Computer-based Language Learning Environment. Bern: Peter Lang
The first two are worth reading. The others, not so much...
If you are lost, an extremely good reference site is:
http://www.ict4lt.org/
All the quoted readings (except the books) will be downloadable from my site www.azzaro.org/ssis.
Also, all these readings, with others of interest, can be obtained if you give me a writable CD in March.
Retrospective Syllabus : Retrospective Syllabus Here goes the real course...
What we actually saw/did/loved/hated/(mis)understood in class
31st Jan 2007 : 31st Jan 2007
Forum : Forum The Forum for you was set up last week.
To subscribe you need a valid e-mail address.
Then go to www.gazzaro.it/s/Forum
Please, subscribe to the “Corso speciale” Forum.
Type your personal data (name, username, e-mail and password are enough)
You’ll get a confirmation mail
You must click on the link in that mail in order to become an active member of the Forum.
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Remember!!!
You do not NEED technology to be a good teacher
BUT
Good teachers know when, how, where to use technology
And when NOT to use it
Beware of fashions...
Retrospective Syllabus (Online) : Retrospective Syllabus (Online) Computer Assisted Language Learning - a few acronyms:
CALI (Computer Assisted Language Instruction),
CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning),
ATALL (Autonomous Technology-Assisted Language Learning),
CALT (Computer Assisted Language Teaching),
TELL (Technology Enhanced Language Learning),
WELL (Web Enhanced Language Learning),
LLT (Language Learning Technology),
VLE (Virtual Learning Environment),
Retrospective Syllabus (Online) : Retrospective Syllabus (Online) LLO (Language Learning Online),
ICT (Information and Communication Technology),
ICALL (Intelligent CALL),
MALL (Mobile Assisted Language Learning)
And many more.
Methodologically, we have e-learning,
d-learning,
m-learning,
b-learning, etc.
Retrospective Syllabus (Online) : Retrospective Syllabus (Online) Yes, please become familiar with the preceding acronyms, since they often crop up in magazines, newspapers, journals, conferences, meetings minutes, and on the Internet
(which, by the way, is ALWAYS capital)
Retrospective Syllabus (Online) : Retrospective Syllabus (Online) Metabibliography on www.eurocall-languages.org/resources/bibliography
Let’s have a quick look at one of the mandatory (black) articles you’ll read later at home
Where are we now and where are we going?
by Graham Davies
Graham Davies on CALL, past, present and future : Graham Davies on CALL, past, present and future A brief history of CALL
1960s: CALL begins, but only on big mainframe computers.
1976: My first contact with a computer, a Prime 300 "minicomputer", which was about the size of two Coca Cola vending machines. CALL becomes more widely available.
Late 1970s: Enter the microcomputer. Christopher Evans publishes his seminal work The mighty micro, Victor Gollancz Ltd (1979).
1980s: The microcomputer boom. I bought my first microcomputer, a 32K Commodore PET, in 1980. Schools in the UK embrace the BBC Micro. CALL begins to reach the masses.
Graham Davies on CALL, past, present and future : Graham Davies on CALL, past, present and future 1980s: The professional associations CALICO (1983) & EUROCALL (1986) are established.
IALL (International Assocation for Learning Labs) goes back to 1965, initially focusing on language labs.
IALL is now known as IALLT (International Association for Language Learning Technology) and focuses on language learning technology in general.
1990s: Advent of the Web, which becomes publicly available in 1993. EUROCALL becomes a recognised professional association (1993).
First WorldCALL conference in Melbourne, Australia (1998).
2000-: Broadband becomes more widely available, opening up new possibilities for delivering audio and video materials via the Web.
Blogs and podcasts appear.
A bewildering array of technology : A bewildering array of technology radio
movie projector
gramophone / record player
television (terrestrial)
tape recorder (Anecdotal evidence suggests that most language teachers perceive the tape recorder as the invention that has had the most significant impact on language teaching and learning.)
language lab
videocassette recorder (VCR)
A bewildering array of technology : A bewildering array of technology computer
audio CD player
satellite television
videodisc player
CD-ROMs
the Internet
DVD-ROMs
DVD player
mobile phone
personal digital assistant (PDA)
The Web : The Web Invention by Tim Berners-Lee (who happens to be British) and has transformed the nature of CALL
Leap backwardslack of interactivity and, in particular, poor feedback
Has not yet caught up with CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs in terms of video quality and interactivity.
Uninspiring ("boring" is another word that springs to mind) compared to established materials such as those on videocassette, audiocassette or broadcast TV
Lessons from the past : Lessons from the past Suggestions:
Don't regard technology as the panacea - v. the language lab.
Don't neglect training in using new technologies - v. the language lab.
Open up to new ideas - v. the language lab.
ICT myths : ICT myths Delusions:
Saves time - no!
Saves money - no!
Saves staff - no!
It's a more effective way of learning - maybe, but the jury is still out.
2000-: E-learning becomes the buzzword : 2000-: E-learning becomes the buzzword The DfES's definition of e-Learning is a catch-all term;
Includes all aspects of using a computer as an aid to learning,
from producing a word-processed handout for one's students
to following an online course in a virtual learning environment (VLE).
Training: No. 1 priority : Training: No. 1 priority If teachers are not properly trained to use the technology it will be underused and ineffective.
The ICT for Language Teachers project
funded by the European Commission from 1999 to 2000
to address the problem of a lack of quality training materials for language teachers.
The outcome = website
16 training modules, regularly updated:
http://www.ict4lt.org/
Education Minister Stephen Twigg : Education Minister Stephen Twigg announced to MPs in May 2004 that the government was spending more than £9 million a year on education websites. This figure is steadily increasing
Education Minister Stephen Twigg : Education Minister Stephen Twigg Languages ICT Website: A website for people interested in ICT and languages, maintained by CILT and the Association for Language Learning (ALL):
http://www.languages-ict.org.uk/.
Education Minister Stephen Twigg : Education Minister Stephen Twigg http://www.languages-ict.org.uk/. The former Languages ICT Forum was merged with the Linguanet Forum (see below) on 31 July 2006.
Linguanet Forum: A discussion forum for language teachers, maintained by CILT: http://www.mailtalk.ac.uk/lists/linguanet-forum.html
Education Minister Stephen Twigg : Education Minister Stephen Twigg Foreign Languages as a subject area is 'different' from most other subjects
it is skill-based as well as knowledge-based,
and in this respect it has more in common with music than history or geography.
Phases of CALL (Warschauer) : Phases of CALL (Warschauer) Warschauer (1996) distinguishes three phases of CALL:
Behaviouristic :The computer as tutor.
Communicative: The computer is used for skill practice, but in a non-drill format and with a greater degree of student choice, control and interaction. This phase also includes (a) using the computer to stimulate discussion, writing or critical thinking (e.g. using programs such as Sim City), and (b) using the computer as a tool or workhorse - examples include word-processors, spelling and grammar checkers, and concordancers.
Integrative: This phase is marked by the introduction of two important innovations: (a) Multimedia (b) The Internet
Approaches to CALL (Bax) : Approaches to CALL (Bax) Bax (2003) prefers to talk about approaches rather than phases.
Bax reassesses the history of CALL,
argues for three alternative categories (“approaches”):
Restricted CALL
Open CALL
Integrated CALL
Approaches to CALL (Bax) : Approaches to CALL (Bax) We are currently using the second approach, Open CALL,
but that our aim should be to attain a state of 'normalisation'
where the technology is invisible and truly integrated.
A bewildering array of methods : A bewildering array of methods Methodology
Many people fail to make a distinction between
pedagogy and methodology
Mustn’t use both terms as if they are interchangeable
Pedagogy & Methodology : Pedagogy & Methodology Pedagogy is more concerned with the theory of teaching and learning,
whereas methodology describes how something is or should be done
Pedagogy & Methodology : Pedagogy & Methodology In Sue Hewer's words, “the way in which the teacher structures the learning environment”.
The Universal Method : The Universal Method Beginning in the mid-eighteenth century and ending only recently, ... (the) aim had been to find a universal panacea method.
It is now generally accepted that no one single such method exists.' [Whitehead M. (1996) Materials and methods 1966-1996 in 30 years of language teaching, London, CILT.]" (King 2003)
The communicative approach, : The communicative approach, The communicative approach, however, appears to have found favour among most language teachers.
Decoo (2001) documents the history of language teaching methodology as follows:
Methods : Methods Traditional approach: Grammar-translation, learning vocab lists
1860s: Communicative approach
1870s: Authentic input, direct communication
1880s and 1890s: Direct Way (also known as the Direct Method)
Early 20c: Decline and demise of the Direct Method
1910-1930: Eclecticism
1930s: Reading Method
1940s: US Army Method
1950s: Audio-Lingual Method (New Key)
1960s: Structuro-Global Audio-Visual (SGAV) Method: audio, pictures, slides
1970s: CEF Functional-Notional Model - Communicative Competence
1980s: Communicative Approach
1990s and early 21c: Constructivism, Discovery, Task-Based Learning, Collaborative Learning, etc
Methodology reincarnation : Methodology reincarnation Decoo (2001) argues that a method lasts for around 20-30 years,
i.e. the span of a typical teaching career
commercialisation butts in...
The ability of existing textbooks to adapt to new trends
Methodology reincarnation : Methodology reincarnation For example, during the audio-revolution of the 1960s, eclectic textbooks were quick to add audio tapes,
eliminate translation exercises,
grammar overviews,
keep all the rest,
and call themselves audio-lingual.
The original method dies quietly, but the same content is reborn with some slight adaptations.
Since we talk in terms of mortality, this procedure might be called the reincarnation of methods." (Decoo 2001)
Teachers' attitudes to methodology : Teachers' attitudes to methodology Language teachers, especially in the secondary schools sector, tend to be somewhat negative towards theorising about language teaching pedagogy and methodology.
Yet there are significantly more WWW entries for Language Teaching or Language Teaching Methodology than for any comparable area of the curriculum.
Teachers' attitudes to methodology : Teachers' attitudes to methodology Research has shown that the introduction of technology is much more likely to be successful if we consider carefully
the pedagogical needs that the technology is actually fulfilling.
(Littlemore 2002)
True story : True story Davies, Bangs, Frisby & Walton (2005) have produced a document entitled Setting up effective digital language laboratories and multimedia ICT suites for modern foreign languages, which has a strong focus on pedagogy and methodology as well as talking about essential hardware and software. The first drafts of the document work were criticised by a "plain English" editor for making too many references to pedagogy and methodology, which she felt was guaranteed to put off the average modern foreign languages teacher.
True story : True story In the first draft of the document, pedagogy was mentioned 53 times and methodology was mentioned 29 times in around 35 pages.
After considerable redrafting and finding alternative ways to express the same ideas without using words ending in "-ogy", the authors managed to reduce these figures respectively to 6 and 13.
It would be interesting to speculate why teachers are put off by the use of such terms.
Where are we heading? : Where are we heading? Predicting the future
Historic blunders
Predicting the future of new technologies is especially problematical:
Telephone: "This 'telephone' has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us." Western Union internal memo, 1876.
Where are we heading? : Where are we heading?
Radio: "The wireless music box has no imaginable commercial value. Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular?" Anonymous associates in response to David Sarnoff, Founder of RCA, urging for investment in the radio in the 1920s.
PCs : PCs Computer: "I think there is a world market for maybe five computers." Thomas Watson, Founder of IBM, 1943.
Computer: "640K should be enough memory for anybody." Bill Gates, 1981 (attributed, but denied)
Whither technology? : Whither technology? Undoubtedly, there will be an expansion of online learning, but it is more likely to supplement conventional modes of learning rather than replace them
Learners cannot acquire certain skills, for example conversational skills, without face-to-face contact with an experienced teacher
Whither technology? : Whither technology? Expansion of online learning
The typical university student aged around 18-25 is the least likely person who would want to spend their time studying for a degree sitting in front of a computer screen.
Whither technology? : Whither technology? "But do we really want to deliver whole courses via the Web? Do we really want to deprive young people of the valuable experience of leaving home, studying and socialising with their peers, joining societies, going to clubs and parties, travelling, and falling in love? Do we really want to breed a generation of screen-gazing zombies?" (Davies 2002)
e-Failure : e-Failure The spectacular crash of the UK e-University (UKeU) in 2004, which was set up at great expense and launched in 2000, is a clear indication that the target groups of online courses still need to be identified
Established distance-teaching universities have tended to focus on older people (aged 30-plus) returning to education and lacking the time to spend studying in the traditional way.
Human Language Technologies : Human Language Technologies An area of research and development currently known as Human Language Technologies (HLT) is likely to make an increasing impact on CALL
Natural Language Processing, Machine Translation, Corpus Linguistics and Speech TechnologyIntelligent CALL (ICALL) and Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Podcasting
Whither methodology? : Whither methodology? Three C's
Current methodology might be summarised as the "Three C's":
Communication
Cooperation
Constructivism
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) Prospective Syllabus - 31st Jan 2007
Folders, FileNames and Extensions
Opening files with unknown extensions (*.boh). Search Web for help like http://filext.com/
Using the mouse (PC, not Mac): clicking, double-clicking, right-clicking
Introduction to the Internet: can you surf?
Really, you should already know how to use a mouse and the Internet, and about Filenames and opening files in Windows.
Encrypted Files - 31st Jan 2007 : Encrypted Files - 31st Jan 2007 What is File encryption? It’s like taking all the characters in your File (millions of them), and shuffling them using a secret code which is stored saparately in a safe place on your PC.
The encrypted File and the secret code must be both on the same PC, in order for Windows to decrypt the file.
So, if you want to read the file on another PC, you must export the code to it, before opening the file.
This is called “Importing and Exporting certificates”.
Please remember it.
This is called “Importing and Exporting certificates”.
This is called “Importing and Exporting certificates”.
This is called “Importing and Exporting certificates”.
Encryption Certificates : Encryption Certificates Importing a certificate
NB The following 3 slides will not be part of any exam questions.
HOWEVER, there might be one day in your life when your mental health will depend on knowing this stuff...
To skip them, click here (at your own future risk)
Encryption Certificates : Encryption Certificates Importing a certificate
You might want to import a certificate:
To install a certificate that was sent to you in a file by another user, computer, or certification authority.
To restore a damaged or lost certificate that you previously backed up.
To share encrypted files with trusted friends.
Encryption Certificates : Encryption Certificates Exporting a certificate
You might want to export a certificate:
To back up a certificate.
To back up a certificate and its associated private key.
To copy a certificate for use on another computer.
When you export a certificate, you are copying the certificate from its certificate store to a file that uses a standard certificate storage format.
Encryption Certificates – Export Formats : Encryption Certificates – Export Formats Choosing an export format
If you are exporting certificates for import onto a computer running Windows XP, PKCS #7 or #12 format is the preferred export format.
Folders, Files, Extensions (TEAT) : Folders, Files, Extensions (TEAT) Folders, FileNames and Extensions
Files are saved on hard disk in folders, each file with an extension usually of three letters. Identifying its typology (.doc for Word Documents, .mpg or .avi for film clips, .mp3 for audio, etc.) There are sites identifying unknown extensions, as we said earlier.
Use folders to keep your work tidy
Back up often to CDs or DVDs, or better to an External Hard Disk
Search : Search Searching by right-clicking on a folder: asterisk = any character; *.doc will find any Word document. Check it out, please.
You can also specify text within the files, dates and size specifications to limit your searches. Check it out, please.
The TAB key can be used to skip from one link to the next in Internet Explorer. Shift+TAB skips backwards. Check it out, please.
31st Jan 2007 : 31st Jan 2007 Searching by right-clicking on a folder: asterisk = any character; *.doc will find any Word document
You can also specify text within the files, dates and size specifications to limit your searches
The TAB key can be used to skip from one link to the next in Internet Explorer. Shift+TAB skips backwards.
In folders, you can order files by Name, Date, Type, Size. But also by Author, Keywords, Owner, etc. Etc. HOW? (Click on Name or Date Tag at the top)
You can make files Read-only and Hidden. How?
You can compress and encrypt private files. How?
Remember. Encrypting is safe. But if you copy the file to another PC, it won’t read it!
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
Digital Text Editing Notepad, NoteTab, NotePro, MS Word, Ooo Writer.
ALT+Tab. Check it out, please.
ALT+letter menus. Check it out, please.
Home and End. Check it out, please.
CNTRL+arrows. Check it out, please.
CNTRL+SHIFT+arrows. What do these commands do? Check it out, please.
The Windows Clipboard!!! (more of this later)
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
The Control Key: CNTRL+S, What use?
CNTRL+C, CNTRL+X, CNTRL+V.
CNTRL+Home, CNTR+End. What for?
CNTRL+Z/Y. Rescue boat!!!
CNTRL+A. All in one. Check them out, please.
There are others... But let’s change the subject for the time being...
Don’t lose CNTRL...
5th Feb 2007 : 5th Feb 2007
Video revision : Video revision These videos should help you revise:
Files And Folders
Encryption: Exporting certificates
Ordering files
Search files
Select all
Control + letters
Clipboard
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
The following functions are all in Word and other common programmes. You should practice them at home with your PC, in order to know what possibilities the software offers...
Save, Save As..., Save As Web Page, Versions, Properties. Click on File and Check them out, please.
In class, we ignored greyed functions in this presentation...
Hands-on experience : Hands-on experience Would you be able to:
Save a Word document in HTML format for the Web?
Save a Word document as an ASCII (text only) file, with no formatting, no styles, no frills, just plain text?
Save a Word document to share with Mac owners?
Count words and characters in a document (to invoice a translation job, for instance)?
Save a Word document for a colleague with an old computer and an old version of Word?
Save a Word document as a template for quickly creating future documents with the same format?
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
Edit: Undo, Paste Special, Select All, Find/Replace (with Word special codes), Find/Replace (with NoteTab Regular Expressions), GoTo Page,
Insert: Bookmark, Comment, Table, Graphic, Heading.
Clipboard
Section
Hands-on experience : Hands-on experience Would you be able to:
Undo the last operation with just one command?
Paste from a Web page straight into Word preserving only plain text (no formatting, colours, images, frills)?
Find and select all instances of a given word or phrase in a Word document of 400 pages, and then bold and italic it, all in less than a minute?
Explain the main differences between Word and text editors like Notepad or NoteTab?
Insert a comment in a Word document?
Insert a 6x10 Table in a Word document with a Header automatically repeated on every new page?
Insert a Header with you name on it? Change it on a given page of your Word document?
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
Insert: Sections: continuous, new column, new page, even page, odd page. Check it out, please.
Page Format: Margins, Headers, Footers, Line Spacing. You should know it already...
Hands-on experience : Hands-on experience Would you be able to:
Find and delete a new section code in a Word document?
Find all the TABs in a Word Document?
Insert a new page which is always going to have an odd number?
Change the margins to a whole document?
Change the style of all the footnotes in a document?
Change the line spacing?
Insert extra space (4 or 6 or 12 points) between adjacent paragraphs?
Keep lines together with preceding text?
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
Paragraph formatting: L/R margins, LS, paragraph line spacing,
View: Normal, Web Layout, Print Layout, Outline View, Ruler, Header/Footer.
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
Printing: page order, Front/Back, Hidden text, Graphics, Print Preview, you can usually ignore the annoying “Outside Margin” error when printing.
Try these at home...
Hands-on experience : Hands-on experience Would you be able to:
View the Outline, i.e. All the Headings of a document?
View or Hide the Ruler bar?
Click and drag the Left Indent or Hanging Indent or First Line Indent marker in the Ruler bar?
Edit the Footer Style?
Print only odd pages?
See a print preview?
Explain why you should always print-preview before actually printing a document?
Hide text in Word and make sure it is not printed?
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
Can you Insert in a Word doc: a Page Break, a Section Break, Page Numbers, Symbols, Comments, Footnotes, Captions, Cross-References, Pictures, Bookmarks?
What are Objects you can Insert in a Word doc?
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
You must be able to Format: Fonts, Paragraphs, Lists, Tabs.
Can you Case-Toggle? Suppose the ALL CAPS key was on by mistake while you were typing AND YOU GET A LONG LINE WITH ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, HOW CAN YOU TOGGLE THEIR CASE TO SMALL IN ONE GO? Ot to Initial Capitals?
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
S t y l e !
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
Purpose of using styles
Changing styles
Creating styles
Hands-on experience : Hands-on experience Would you be able to:
Copy 14 different portions of a web page into Word, preserving the text only, and pasting them altogether in one go?
Start numbering the notes from 1 at a certain point in your document?
Select all the text formatted with one particular Style?
Change the Font to all the text written in a particular style?
Save your styles in your templates?
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
Know your Tools: Spelling, Track Changes, Compare Documents.
Can you use Macros?
Templates?
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
Templates are helpful:
About loading and unloading global templates and add-in programs
Templates (template: A file or files that contain the structure and tools for shaping such elements as the style and page layout of finished files. For example, Word templates can shape a single document, and FrontPage templates can shape an entire Web site.) can store styles, AutoText (AutoText: A storage location for text or graphics you want to use again such as a standard contract clause or a long distribution list. Each selection of text or graphics is recorded as an AutoText entry and is assigned a unique name.) entries, AutoCorrect entries, macros (macro: An action or a set of actions you can use to automate tasks. Macros are recorded in the Visual Basic for Applications programming language.), toolbars (toolbar: A bar with buttons and options that you use to carry out commands. To display a toolbar, use the Customize dialog box (point to Toolbars on the View menu and click Customize). To see more buttons, click Toolbar Options at the end of the toolbar.), custom menu settings, and shortcut keys (shortcut key: A function key or key combination, such as F5 or CTRL+A, that you use to carry out a menu command. In contrast, an access key is a key combination, such as ALT+F, that moves the focus to a menu, command, or control.). Loading a template makes it available as a global template (global template: Stores macros, AutoText entries, and custom toolbar, menu, and shortcut key settings that you can use while you work with any document, not just documents based on that template. The Normal template is by design always a global template.). Add-ins (add-in: A supplemental program that adds custom commands or custom features to Microsoft Office.) are supplemental programs that you install to extend the capabilities of Microsoft Word by adding custom commands and specialized features.
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
Loading templates and add-ins
When you load a template or add-in, it remains loaded for the current Word session only. If you quit and then restart Word, the template or add-in is not automatically reloaded. To have a template or add-in available whenever you start Word, store the add-in or template in your startup folder. To locate or change your Startup setting, click Options on the Tools menu, and then click the File Locations tab.
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
Unloading templates and add-ins
To conserve memory and increase the speed of Word, it's a good idea to unload templates and add-in programs you don't often use. When you unload a template or add-in that's located in your startup folder, Word unloads the template for the current Word session but automatically reloads it the next time you start Word. When you unload a template or add-in located in any other folder, it is unavailable until you reload it. To delete a template or add-in from Word, you must remove the template or add-in from the Templates and Add-ins dialog box.
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) DTE (Digital Text Editing) - 31st Jan 2007
Tables: Insert, Merge cells, Properties
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) 5th Feb 2007
Data management: Excel
Odering Data
Formulas
Statistics
Charts
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) 5th Feb 2007
Data management: Excel
Excel Formatting
Excel Formulas 1
Excel Formulas 2
Excel Copy to Word & Simple Charts
12th Feb 2007 : 12th Feb 2007
Revision – Would you be able to... : Revision – Would you be able to... Can you
Insert a Table into a Word Doc?
Copy a Table from Excel to Word?
Centre the Table on the page?
Change its borders?
Have each cell/column automatically adapt its width to the size of its content?
Merge cells?
Look up and change other Properties of the Table (Row Height, Margins, Cell padding, Background colour, ...)?
Revision – Would you be able to... : Revision – Would you be able to... Sum figures in Excel?
Calculate the Average of marks in Excel?
Oder Rows of Data in Excel? In Word?
Copy and Paste Formulas in Excel?
Create simple Charts in Excel?
Paste Data into Excel copied from other applications?
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) 12th Feb 2007
PowerPoint: Create a Presentation
Importing data from Word
Styles for PPT exportation: in Word format all the text with Heading 1 for every new slide, and Heading 2, 3, 4, ... for outlined text. Try it out...
Titles (= Heading 1, will cause PPT to start a new slide, other titles will insert single items or ‘points’
Multiple selections: in Word you can do multiple selection of text which you then format as Heading 1 all in one go. Keep CNTRL pressed while you click on text to select.
MultiMedia in PowerPoint : MultiMedia in PowerPoint Inserting sound, clips and images
Exporting
PowerPoint Masters let you change the common formatting of a whole presentation. Check it out, please.
Printing an Outline. Try it at ahome.
26th Feb 2007 : 26th Feb 2007
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) 26th Feb 2007
The Internet:
Jean W. LeLoup and Robert Ponterio, 2006, Foreign Language Teachers' Greatest Hits. Language Learning & Technology. Vol. 10, No. 3, September 2006, pp. 3-7.
Top sites worldwide for language teachers are: Google, Materiales (Embassy of Spain Publications), Quia.com, Le Grand Dictionnaire, Developing Educational Standards, Foreign Language and Special Needs. Howerver there's more: Wikipedia, Answers.com, ...
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) 26th Feb 2007
Internet: Google Searches
Advanced Searches
Inverted commas search for phrases
You can look for documents in one particular language
Or from one particular nation: eg. site:it
Cf. following slides
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) If a common word is essential to getting the results you want, you can include it by putting a "+" sign in front of it
If you want to search not only for your search term but also for its synonyms, place the tilde sign ("~") immediately in front of your search term.
To find pages that include either of two search terms, add an uppercase OR between the terms.
You can use Google to search only within one specific website by entering the search terms you're looking for, followed by the word "site" and a colon followed by the domain name.
Numrange searches for results containing numbers in a given range. Just add two numbers, separated by two periods, with no spaces, into the search box along with your search terms.
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) http://www.google.com/advanced_search?hl=en
Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) : Teaching English with the Aid of Technology (TEAT) 26th Feb 2007
Internet: Dictionaries
CUP
OUP
Merriam-Webster
http://dictionary.reference.com/
Wordreference.com
Wordsmyth.net
Answers.com
How can you know if your students are cheating = copying off the Internet? Googli