Fire Protection Intervention Tools: Fire Protection Intervention Tools Suppression – The enterprise of FF
Building Codes
Fire Codes
Other Laws and Ordinances
Home Inspection Programs
Fire Prevention Education
Fire Survival Education
Fire Protection Intervention Toolscont.: Fire Protection Intervention Tools cont. Fire Protection Devices
Federal Legislation
State Legislation
Smoke Alarms
Fast Response Residential Fire Sprinklers (Cure)
THEHISTORY OF RESIDENTIAL FIRE SPRINKLERS IN AMERICA(The Evolution and the Revolution): THE HISTORY OF RESIDENTIAL FIRE SPRINKLERS IN AMERICA (The Evolution and the Revolution) IFSA / NFSA
May 1975 - First Edition of NFPA 13D, Sprinkler Systems for One and Two-Family Homes and Manufactured Homes1975-1979 Chief Ronny Coleman, San Clemente, California experiments with installations using standard response sprinklers: May 1975 - First Edition of NFPA 13D, Sprinkler Systems for One and Two-Family Homes and Manufactured Homes 1975-1979 Chief Ronny Coleman, San Clemente, California experiments with installations using standard response sprinklers IFSA / NFSA
1975 – 1979 Initial phase of R&D work to develop low cost, quick response fire sprinkler systems (USFA, UL, FM, Grinnell, etc.) 1979 - Residential Sprinkler test program, Los Angeles, California: 1975 – 1979 Initial phase of R&D work to develop low cost, quick response fire sprinkler systems (USFA, UL, FM, Grinnell, etc.) 1979 - Residential Sprinkler test program, Los Angeles, California IFSA / NFSA
Nov 1980 - 1980 Edition of NFPA 13D requires use of listed fast response residential sprinklers and includes requirements for Multipurpose Piping SystemsJune 1981 - Grinnell receives first listing for a residential sprinkler from ULNov 1982 - Central receives UL listing for its Omega series residential sprinkler: Nov 1980 - 1980 Edition of NFPA 13D requires use of listed fast response residential sprinklers and includes requirements for Multipurpose Piping Systems June 1981 - Grinnell receives first listing for a residential sprinkler from UL Nov 1982 - Central receives UL listing for its Omega series residential sprinkler IFSA / NFSA
Oct 1983 - Operation San Francisco test series conducted in San Francisco, CaliforniaFall 1984 - Operation Life Safety Program established (First Trust at NFSA) Fall 1985 - OLS Trust transferred to IAFC: Oct 1983 - Operation San Francisco test series conducted in San Francisco, California Fall 1984 - Operation Life Safety Program established (First Trust at NFSA) Fall 1985 - OLS Trust transferred to IAFC IFSA / NFSA
June 1985 - Initial Scottsdale Ordinance requiring sprinklers in multi-family homes and commercial occupancies passedJune 1986 - Scottsdale Ordinance expanded to include One and Two-Family Homes: June 1985 - Initial Scottsdale Ordinance requiring sprinklers in multi-family homes and commercial occupancies passed June 1986 - Scottsdale Ordinance expanded to include One and Two-Family Homes IFSA / NFSA
1986-Pres. Home builders oppose residential fire sprinklersFall 1986 - USFA sponsored residential fire sprinkler workshop series developed and delivered by OLS: 1986-Pres. Home builders oppose residential fire sprinklers Fall 1986 - USFA sponsored residential fire sprinkler workshop series developed and delivered by OLS IFSA / NFSA
Fall 1986 - OLS promotes series of development incentives (street width reduction, main size reduction, hydrant spacing increases, reduced set-back requirements, increased tract density, reduction of “dead end” turning radius requirements, etc.) OLS also works with Insurance Industry to provide discounts for residential fire sprinklers: Fall 1986 - OLS promotes series of development incentives (street width reduction, main size reduction, hydrant spacing increases, reduced set-back requirements, increased tract density, reduction of “dead end” turning radius requirements, etc.) OLS also works with Insurance Industry to provide discounts for residential fire sprinklers IFSA / NFSA
Slide12: Feb. 1988 - Initial Prince George’s County, Maryland ordinance passes requiring homebuilders to offer residential fire sprinklers as an option and to sprinkler model homes
Feb. 1989 - Prince George County ordinance is expanded to make the installation of residential sprinklers in new homes mandatory
1989-Pres. Napa, California passes mandatory residential fire sprinkler requirements. Many local ordinances passed nationally (ex, Cobb Co., GA, Mont. Co., MD., Dover, NH, Altamonte Springs, FL, and some 200 ordinances in California): 1989-Pres. Napa, California passes mandatory residential fire sprinkler requirements. Many local ordinances passed nationally (ex, Cobb Co., GA, Mont. Co., MD., Dover, NH, Altamonte Springs, FL, and some 200 ordinances in California) IFSA / NFSA
1996Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition Formed ( www.homefiresprinkler.org)NFPA 13D includes requirements for Network systems : 1996 Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition Formed ( www.homefiresprinkler.org) NFPA 13D includes requirements for Network systems
1997 - Publication of the “Scottsdale Report”1999 - The Mesa, Arizona experience2000 - Montgomery County, Maryland passes major tax incentive for fire sprinklers: 1997 - Publication of the “Scottsdale Report” 1999 - The Mesa, Arizona experience 2000 - Montgomery County, Maryland passes major tax incentive for fire sprinklers IFSA / NFSA
2002Publication of Scottsdale Report five year supplementUL and NFPA 13D require residential fire sprinklers to meet minimum density of 0.05 GPM/sq. ft.: 2002 Publication of Scottsdale Report five year supplement UL and NFPA 13D require residential fire sprinklers to meet minimum density of 0.05 GPM/sq. ft.
2003: 2003
Montgomery County Mandate
Connecticut Option Law
2003 - Present: Many more communities undertake residential fire sprinkler initiatives either mandatory or voluntary via incentives
Fire Team Tennessee Pilot Program
Fire Team USA Program
2003 - Present
ROADBLOCKS TO RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS: ROADBLOCKS TO RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS
HYDRAULICSThe Fast Response Sprinkler: HYDRAULICS The Fast Response Sprinkler
COST: COST
INFRASTRUCTURE: INFRASTRUCTURE
WATER PURVEYOR: WATER PURVEYOR WATER DEPT.
HOME BUILDERS: HOME BUILDERS
Leading Causes of FireResidential Fire LoadDigging a Deeper HoleBreaking Ranks(Toll Brothers 35%): Leading Causes of Fire Residential Fire Load Digging a Deeper Hole Breaking Ranks (Toll Brothers 35%)
September 11, 2001(3025 Deaths)Fire Journal Sept/Oct 2001(3445 home fire deathsin 2000)That’s 420 more!: September 11, 2001 (3025 Deaths) Fire Journal Sept/Oct 2001 (3445 home fire deaths in 2000) That’s 420 more!
BUILDING OFFICIALS: BUILDING OFFICIALS ANYTOWN BUILDING DEPARTMENT
BUILDING CODES: BUILDING CODES International Code Council
National Fire Protection Association.
FIRE CHIEFS: FIRE CHIEFS
FIRE MARSHALS: FIRE MARSHALS
FIREFIGHTERS: FIREFIGHTERS
INSTALLERS: INSTALLERS JD SPRINKLER CO.
LITTLE OR NO EXPECTATION OF FIRE PROTECTION FEATURES IN A NEW HOME!: LITTLE OR NO EXPECTATION OF FIRE PROTECTION FEATURES IN A NEW HOME!
PUBLIC POLICY MAKERS: PUBLIC POLICY MAKERS
OTHER GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS: OTHER GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
INCENTIVES: INCENTIVES SAVINGS INSURANCE TAXES HR 1131
S 512
Look Up for Safety: Look Up for Safety Fire Sprinklers Save Lives and Money Presented By:
Jim Dalton – Director of Public Fire Protection - NFSA
Pertinent Questions About Fires: Pertinent Questions About Fires 1. How many people die annually from fires ?
2. Who are the victims ?
3. Where do they die ?
4. When do they die ?
5. How do they die ?
6. List one concern you have about fire sprinklers.
Slide42: A Typical Residential Fire Scenario From the time a fire starts, smoke detectors
may operate within one minute.
Room temperatures at the ceiling when
flashover occurs can reach 1,400 degrees.
Flashover can occur within 4 minutes
from the time a fire starts.
From the time a fire starts, you generally will
have less than five minutes to get out alive.
Your Fire Scenario: Your Fire Scenario 0 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 TIME LINE (minutes) A fire starts in your home
and you are awakened by
the smoke detector. Flashover Occurs Ceiling
temperature
1,400 degrees
Slide44: 0 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 A fire starts in your home
and you are awakened by
the smoke detector. TIME LINE (minutes) Fire is accessed and water is
now being applied to the fire Count heads, notify neighbor, wake them, call fire dept. Alert family of fire Flashover Occurs 911 notifies fire dept.
and fire dept. responds
U.S. Fire StatisticsSource NFPA Fire Journal Sept -Oct - 2005: U.S. Fire Statistics Source NFPA Fire Journal Sept -Oct - 2005 Over 1.55 Million Fires
More Than 3,900 Civilian Deaths
17,785 Thousand Civilian Injuries
Over 8.3 Billion Dollars in Property Loss
Total Cost of Fire Exceeds 88 Billion Dollars
Additional Fire Facts: Additional Fire Facts Every 82 seconds fire occurs in a U.S. residence.
Every 31 minutes a civilian is injured by fire.
Eight out of ten fire deaths occur in the home.
U.S. Residential Fire Problem*: U.S. Residential Fire Problem* A fire every 82 seconds
83% of fire deaths
80% of fire injuries
72% of structure fire property damage
36% of fire-ground firefighter deaths
*2004 NFPA
Fire Death and Injuries in One- & Two-family Dwellings* (Percentage of Residential): Fire Death and Injuries in One- & Two-family Dwellings* (Percentage of Residential) Fire deaths: 83%
Fire injuries: 74%
Fire property damage: 83%
Fireground firefighter deaths: 70%
*2004 NFPA
Slide49: Young children, older adults, and physically and
mentally challenged people face the highest risk of
injury or death in residential fires.
Too often, people fail to respond appropriately to
the sound of a smoke detector, because they
assume it is a false alarm. Rather that exiting the
building, they search to confirm the existence of a
fire, wasting the few precious minutes they may
have to escape. More Fire Facts
Fire Triangle: Fire Triangle Fuel Oxygen Heat Fire
Fire Safety: Fire Safety
Fire Safety: Fire Safety Prevention a
Fire Safety: Fire Safety Prevention Early Warning
and
Exit Drills a a
Fire Safety: Fire Safety Prevention Protection a a a Early Warning
and
Exit Drills
What are Fire Sprinklers ?: What are Fire Sprinklers ? “Automatic Sprinklers are individually heat activated devices that are attached to a network of piping with water under pressure” Fire Sprinkler Piping Water Under Pressure
How Do They Work ?: How Do They Work ? 15 ft. 15 ft.
Fire Sprinklers DoWork!: Fire Sprinklers Do Work!
Sprinkler Impact on Life Safety: Sprinkler Impact on Life Safety Health Care Hotels & Manufacturing
Facilities Motels Deaths Per Thousand Fires
Sprinkler Impact On Property Damage: Sprinkler Impact On Property Damage Dollar Loss Per Fire (millions) Manufacturing Stores & Public Hotels &
Offices Assembly Motels 12,900 27,800 10,500 18,000 6,200 16,100 4,500 10,200
Where areSprinklersFound ?: Where are Sprinklers Found ?
What do FireSprinklers Cost ?: What do Fire Sprinklers Cost ? New Construction $.93 to $2.00 per sq. ft.
Existing Buildings ( Increase by 50 % )
Who Installs Fire Sprinklers ?: Who Installs Fire Sprinklers ? JD's Sprinklers
The Sprinkler Professionals Special Qualifications are Required
What are ResidentialSprinklers ?: What are Residential Sprinklers ?
How are Residential Sprinklers Different ?: How are Residential Sprinklers Different ? Respond Approx. 5 Times Faster
Less Water Needed
Different Water Application
Lower Cost to Install
More Aesthetically Pleasing
How They Work!: How They Work!
ResidentialSprinklers Do Work !: Residential Sprinklers Do Work ! YES !!
Sprinkler Activations Per Fire: Sprinkler Activations Per Fire 365 326 32 7
Slide68: Pictures of sprinklers
What do Residential Sprinklers Cost ?: What do Residential Sprinklers Cost ? Average cost of 1% - 1.5% of new construction 1 1 1 1 ONE DOLLAR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ONE
National Institute of Standards and Technology: National Institute of Standards and Technology “Estimates that installing smoke detectors
and residential sprinklers in dwellings could
reduce fire fatalities by eighty two percent.” 0 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 A fire starts in your home
and you are awakened by the smoke detector. Ceiling
temperature
165 degrees TIME LINE (minutes) Residential Fire Sprinklers Operate
“Look Up For Safety”: “Look Up For Safety” In the Future … Where you :
live
work
or play Because Fire Sprinklers Save
Lives and Money,
Protect what You Value Most.
Slide72: Tradition
Heritage
Dogma
Legacy