WG1 Namur Anderson

Energy consumption associated with the production and distribution of jeans in the UK: 

Energy consumption associated with the production and distribution of jeans in the UK Stephen Anderson University of Westminster

Objectives of the project: 

Objectives of the project Energy study of jeans supply chain French and UK comparison Energy consumed in producing and supplying jeans CO2 emitted in producing and supplying jeans INRETS and Westminster each carrying out data collection and energy calculation with common approach

Jean supply chain: 

Jean supply chain Cotton farming Spinning and dyeing Fabric manufacture Garment manufacture Import of goods Regional distribution Retail outlet The production and distribution of jeans can be broken down into seven main operations:

Slide4: 

Retail outlet Final consumer Transport Processes & transport in the production & distribution of jeans Cotton Cultivation Spinning and dyeing Fabric manufacture Garment manufacture Import of goods

Garment manufacturing: 

Garment manufacturing Transport Pattern cutting Sewing Transport Washing Transport Special finishing Transport Final finishing Processes are not necessarily carried out locally – transport might be required and could be long distance

French and UK case studies: 

French and UK case studies UK supply chain Cotton from Turkey and USA Denim made in turkey Jeans made in Morocco French supply chain Cotton from Uzbekistan and India Denim made in India Jeans made in Bangladesh

Distribution of jeans – French case (1): 

Distribution of jeans – French case (1) Port Le Havre-France Entrepôt sous douane (ICD)-Mise en container Chennai-Inde Port Chittagong-Bangladesh Port Singapore Champs de coton Chennai-Inde Filature/Tissage Ahmedabad-Inde Confection/lavage Dhaka-Bangladesh

Distribution of jeans – French case (2): 

Distribution of jeans – French case (2)                              

Distribution of jeans – UK cases: 

Distribution of jeans – UK cases                            

Distribution of jeans – French case (1): 

Distribution of jeans – French case (1)

Distribution of jeans – French case (2): 

Distribution of jeans – French case (2)

Distribution of jeans – UK cases: 

Distribution of jeans – UK cases Total distance using US cotton = 17,950 km Total distance using Turkish cotton = 7,605 km

Grammes of oil equivalent per pair of jeans (cotton from USA): 

Grammes of oil equivalent per pair of jeans (cotton from USA)

CO2 per pair of jeans (cotton from USA): 

CO2 per pair of jeans (cotton from USA)

Grammes of oil equivalent per pair of jeans (cotton from Turkey): 

Grammes of oil equivalent per pair of jeans (cotton from Turkey)

CO2 per pair of jeans (cotton from Turkey): 

CO2 per pair of jeans (cotton from Turkey)

Transport energy from field to shop: 

Transport energy from field to shop

Transport energy from field to home: 

Transport energy from field to home

Transport from shop to home: 

Transport from shop to home

Issues related to non-transport data: 

Issues related to non-transport data Energy data for: Cotton production Fabric production Garment make-up Other items used (zips, buttons, etc.) Type of energy used in each activity Generation and use of electricity in different countries (for CO2)

Issues related to transport data: 

Issues related to transport data Movement of product upstream of garment makeup more difficult to obtain (i.e. cotton fibre transport, denim transport) Empty running and average lading factor Vehicle energy use - not practical to obtain from companies Final consumer transport – average distance travelled, quantity purchased (kgs), empty running

Summary of results to date: 

Summary of results to date Transport is not a major contributor to energy use or CO2 in a basic jeans supply chain Most commercial transport energy used between jeans make-up and supply to domestic market Consumer transport energy can be greater than total commercial transport energy Logistics (transport & stockholding) accounts for about 25% of total supply chain energy use