Slide1:
Dr. Marjorie Peace Lenn
Executive Director
Center for Quality Assurance in International Education
National Center for Higher Education
Washington, D.C.
www.cqaie.org
October 1, 2004
CLEAR *** Kansas City
Slide2: KNOWLEDGE
has become the
single most
important
factor in
economic development
and
global competitiveness
Slide3:
Higher Education Concerns
1. Appropriate Objectives
2. Good Management
3. Effective Operations
=
Quality Assurance/
Accreditation
Slide4:
Profession’s Concerns
1. Code of Conduct/Ethics
2. Keeping Current in Practice
3. Mobility
=
Competency Assurance/
Certification and Licensure
Slide5: Shared Characteristics: Quality & Competency Assurance
Defines by Setting Standards
Assists in Reform Efforts
Provides Structure for Improvement/Planning
Assists Users to Make Choices & Decisions
Slide6:
GPS #1: ACCESS
GPS #2: MOBILITY
GPS #3: QUALITY
Slide7:
GPS #1: ACCESS
GPS #2: MOBILITY
GPS #3: QUALITY
Slide8: ACCESS
Global Supply of Learners
Year Global Asia
1990 48M 17M
2025 159M 87M
Source: International Education: Australia’s Potential Demand & Supply, IDB
Tertiary Enrollment Ratios, 1995 : Tertiary Enrollment Ratios, 1995
National Quality Assurance Agencies: A Global View: National Quality Assurance Agencies: A Global View The scope and status of agencies vary, depending on countries.
The list is not exhaustive, especially where there are rapidly growing movements as governments face pressing needs to establish a quality assurance agency. courtesy of OECD/CERI
Share of Enrollment in Private Higher Education (percent): Share of Enrollment in Private Higher Education (percent) Note: In the few Western European countries which have a high proportion of enrollments in private institutions (for example, Belgium and the Netherlands), higher education continues to be almost entirely financed by the state which subsidizes both public and private higher education institutions.
Source: World Bank 2003
Transnational Education: Transnational Education Branch Campuses
Study Abroad
Franchises
Twinning
Distance Education
Corporate Programs
Largest Importers: Largest Importers Canada
France
Germany
United Kingdom
United States
(63% of 1.2 million market)
UNESCO
Largest Exporters: Largest Exporters Australia 4 billion $
United Kingdom 3 billion $
United States 13 billion $
Sources: DETYA, USTR, COMMERCE
Top Ten Services Exports: Top Ten Services Exports Travel $71.3 bill
Transportation $45.5 bill
Financial Svcs $16.5 bill
Commercial, Professional & Technical Svcs $16.3 bill
Education and Training Services $13.0 bill
Entertainment $ 7.1 bill
Information Svcs $ 4.0 bill
Telecom $ 3.7 bill
Equip Installation, Maintenance & Repair $ 3.7 bill
Healthcare $ 1.2 bill
Source: International Trade Administration,
US Department of Commerce
Slide16:
GPS #1: ACCESS
GPS #2: MOBILITY
GPS #3: QUALITY
Effects of Regionalism: Effects of Regionalism More outward-looking stance
Greater liberalization of national policy
Equal partnership with other countries
Source: Regional Integration, World Bank, 2003
Slide18:
MUTUAL
RECOGNITION
AGREEMENTS
MRA’s
Regional Free Trade Agreements: Toward MRA’s: Regional Free Trade Agreements: Toward MRA’s MERCOSUR
Engineering, Medicine, Agronomy
EU
European Consortium for Accreditation in Higher Education (ECA)
APEC
Engineering & Architecture
US-CANADA
Medicine, Engineering, Dentistry, Accountancy
Global Definitions of Professions: Global Definitions of Professions Engineering – Washington Accord
Architecture – IUA
Accounting – WTO
Nurse Anesthesia – IFNA
Teacher Education - IRTE
Regional QA Organizations: Regional QA Organizations ENQA – EUROPE
ECA – EUROPE
CCA – CENTRAL AMERICA
APQN – ASIA PACIFIC
AAAC – CANADA
ASPA – USA
CHEA - USA
Slide22: Professional Accreditation and Certification:
Gateways to Quality and Mobility in the Americas
June 10-11, 2004
Mexico City
Co-Sponsors:
Ministries of Education: Mexico and Chile
Ministries of Trade: Mexico and Chile
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
The World Bank
Coordinator:
The Center for Quality Assurance in International Education
GLOBALIZING PROFESSIONS AND THE CENTER FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE IN INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION: GLOBALIZING PROFESSIONS AND THE CENTER FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE IN INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION
Allied Health (Latin America)
Occupational Therapy (Also Europe)
Physical Therapy (Also Europe)
Speech Language Hearing
Management & Accounting
(Global & C/EEurope)
Engineering (Global & Asia)
Architecture (Global & Asia)
Medicine (Eastern Europe)
Counseling (Global)
Law (Eastern Europe)
Psychology (NAFTA)
Nursing (NAFTA & Asia)
Nurse Anesthesia (Global)
Dietetics (Global)
Journalism (Americas)
Music (Asia, Europe, GCC)
Teacher Education (Global & GCC)
Impact of Trade Agreements on Higher Education: Impact of Trade Agreements on Higher Education
National higher education
policy liberalization;
Common standards for
professional education;
Cross-border provision on
higher education by private
providers; and
Mutual recognition of
academic credentials
Slide25:
GPS #1: ACCESS
GPS #2: MOBILITY
GPS #3: QUALITY
Center for Quality Assurance in International Education Global Activity: National Quality and Competency Assurance Capacity Building: Center for Quality Assurance in International Education Global Activity: National Quality and Competency Assurance Capacity Building AMERICAS
Mexico, English Speaking Caribbean, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia
Regional Coordination: Organization of American
States, Inter American Press Association
AFRICA
Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa
Regional Coordination: Association of African
Universities, South African Universities Vice Chancellors Association
MIDDLE EAST
United Arab Emirates, Israel, Oman, West Bank and Gaza
Regional Coordination: GCC, World Bank
ASIA
Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia,
People’s Republic of China, Thailand, Vietnam
Regional Coordination: World Bank, UNDP, OECD,
Chinese Society for Evaluation of Higher Education
EUROPE
Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Estonia, Sweden, Balkans, Switzerland, Greece
Regional Coordination: The World Bank, UNESCO,
Council of Europe, OECD, Soros Foundation, US State
INQAAHE: INQAAHE International Network of
Quality Assurance Agencies
in Higher Education
1991: 20 countries
2004: 80 countries
www.inqaahe.org
Principles of Good Practice
Regional Program for EA/P Asia Pacific Quality Network: Regional Program for EA/P Asia Pacific Quality Network
Regional Quality Assurance Services
Regional Pool of External Reviewers
Regional Information Clearinghouse
Regional Staff Exchanges
Regional Training and Development
Liaison Functions with Regional and
Global Organizations
OECD-UNESCO 2005 Goals: OECD-UNESCO 2005 Goals Provide better information on how to recognize bogus institutions of
higher education and bogus
accrediting bodies
Create an international recognition
process for national quality
assurance bodies
Encourage regional associations
of quality assurance bodies
Create an international database
of “accredited” institutions and
programs of higher education
Improve the process of
recognizing degrees across
borders
How Not to Globalize a Profession: How Not to Globalize a Profession Multiple levels of practice
Uncommon Standards for Education & Practice
Emphasis on Inputs rather than Outcomes
Multiple routes to accreditation and certification
Immature or multiple International Organization(s)
Protectionists vs. Globalists
Slide31: Key Lessons
The Professions are Globalizing
Countries Need to Keep Pace
Growing Reliance on World Standard Professional Practice (Global Competencies)
Need to Strengthen Capacity in National Professional Bodies
Gain Strength in Regional Cooperation
Slide32:
GPS #1: ACCESS
GPS #2: MOBILITY
GPS #3: QUALITY