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See all Premium member Presentation Transcript WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES MEDAWARE : WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES MEDAWARE Prof. George Ayoub Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University of BeirutOUTLINE: OUTLINE Overview of the Conventional Wastewater Treatment Process Discussion of Existing Biological Treatment Technologies Examples from the Mediterranean Region Examples from the Lebanese ContextConventional Wastewater Treatment Process: Conventional Wastewater Treatment Process Pretreatment involves: Screening Grit Removal Oil separation Flow equalization Disinfection can use: Chlorine compounds Bromine Chloride Ozone UV Radiation Chemical Treatment is used in conjunction with the physical and chemical processes: Chemical precipitation Adsorption Sludge Treatment and Disposal involves: grinding, degritting, blending, thickening, stabilization, conditioning, disinfection, dewatering, heat drying, thermal reduction, ultimate disposalBiological Treatment: Biological Treatment In the case of domestic wastewater treatment, the objective of biological treatment is: To stabilize the organic content To remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus Types: Aerobic Processes Anoxic Processes Anaerobic Processes Combined Aerobic-Anoxic-Anaerobic Processes Pond Processes Attached Growth Suspended Growth Combined Systems Aerobic Maturation Facultative AnaerobicMajor Aerobic Biological Processes: Major Aerobic Biological ProcessesActivated Sludge Process: Activated Sludge Process The aeration tank contains a suspension of the wastewater and microorganisms, the mixed liquor. The liquor is mixed by aeration devices (supplying also oxygen) A portion of the biological sludge separated from the secondary effluent by sedimentation is recycled to the aeration tank Types of AS Systems: Conventional, Complete-Mix, Sequencing Batch Reactor, Extended Aeration, Deep Tank, Deep ShaftAdvantages/Disadvantages: Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages Flexible, can adapt to minor pH, organic and temperature changes Small area required Degree of nitrification is controllable Relatively minor odor problems Disadvantages High operating costs (skilled labor, electricity, etc.) Generates solids requiring sludge disposal Some process alternatives are sensitive to shock loads and metallic or other poisons Requires continuous air supply Trickling Filters: Trickling Filters The trickling filter or biofilter consists of a bed of permeable medium of either rock or plastic Microorganisms become attached to the media and form a biological layer or fixed film. Organic matter in the wastewater diffuses into the film, where it is metabolized. Periodically, portions of the film slough off the media Advantages/Disadvantages : Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages Good quality (80-90% BOD5 removal) for 2-stage efficiency could reach 95% Moderate operating costs (lower than activated sludge) Withstands shock loads better than other biological processes Disadvantages High capital costs Clogging of distributors or beds Snail, mosquito and insect problemsRotating Biological Contactors: Rotating Biological Contactors It consists of a series of circular disks of polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride that are submerged in wastewater and rotated slowly through it The disk rotation alternately contacts the biomass with the organic material and then with atmosphere for adsorption of oxygen Excess solids are removed by shearing forces created by the rotation mechanism Advantages/Disdvantages: Advantages/Disdvantages Advantages Short contact periods Handles a wide range of flows Easily separates biomass from waste stream Low operating costs Short retention time Low sludge production Excellent process control Disadvantages Need for covering units installed in cold climate to protect against freezing Shaft bearings and mechanical drive units require frequent maintenance Major Anaerobic Biological Processes: Major Anaerobic Biological ProcessesAnaerobic Contact Process: Anaerobic Contact Process Untreated wastewater is mixed with recycled sludge solids and then digested in a sealed reactor The mixture is separated in a clarifier The supernatant is discharged as effluent, and settled sludge is recycledAdvantages/Disadvantages: Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages Methane recovery Small area required Volatile solids destruction Disadvantages Heat required Effluent in reduced chemical form requires further treatment Requires skilled operation Sludge to be disposed off is minimalUpflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket: Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Wastewater flows upward through a sludge blanket composed of biological granules that decompose organic matter Some of the generated gas attaches to granules that rise and strike degassing baffles releasing the gas Free gas is collected by special domes The effluent passes into a settling chamberAdvantages/Disadvantages: Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages Low energy demand Low land requirement Low sludge production Less expensive than other anaerobic processes High organic removal eficiency Disadvantages Long start-up period Requires sufficient amount of granular seed sludge for faster start-up Significant wash out of sludge during initial phase of process Lower gas yield than other anaerobic processesMajor Anoxic and Combined Biological Processes: Major Anoxic and Combined Biological ProcessesPond Treatment Processes: Pond Treatment ProcessesExamples from the Mediterranean Region (1): Examples from the Mediterranean Region (1)Examples from the Mediterranean Region (2): Examples from the Mediterranean Region (2)Examples from the Mediterranean Region (3): Examples from the Mediterranean Region (3)Examples from Lebanon: Examples from Lebanon Lebanon has been rebuilding its water and wastewater infrastructure since 1992; in this context, the Government initiated the construction of large-scale WWTPs employing AS and Biofilter treatment systems mainly Except for the Ghadir pre-treatment station, no single large-scale plant achieving secondary treatment has started to operate Some community-based plants funded by NGOs are achieving secondary treatment; however, these are small-scale plants and rarely function properlySlide23: Coarse Screening Fine Screening Grit and Grease Removal Tank Pumping Primary Settling Tank Pumping Aeration Tank or Biofilter Degassing Tank Distribution Structure Secondary Settling Tank Venturi Flume Treated Water Pumping Station Technology to be used inside WWTPs proposed by the Government Ghadir Preliminary Treatment Station: Ghadir Preliminary Treatment Station Serves the Greater Beirut Southern Wastewater Collection Basin (population of 977,000) Maximum instantaneous flow: 2.6 m3/s; average: 1.6 m3/s; expected minimum: 1.1 m3/s Accepts also septic tank septage and leachate from the Naameh landfill Effluent is discharged into the sea at a distance of 2.6 km away from the shore and at a depth of 60 m In periods of overflow, the plant partially or completely shuts down, and the effluent is discharged into the sea at a distance of 500 m from the shore GHADIR STATIONTreatment Steps At Ghadir: Treatment Steps At Ghadir SCREENING LIFTING DEGRITTINGBaalbeck WWTP: Baalbeck WWTP Completed in summer 2000 Not yet functional because the collection network is not yet finished Serves a population of 130,600, and has a daily capacity of 19,600 m3/day Will achieve secondary treatment Treatment Technologies in Community-based WWTPs: Treatment Technologies in Community-based WWTPs There are 42 plants as shown by the tableSlide28: EXTENDED AERATION ACTIVATED SLUDGESlide29: ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AEROBIC DIGESTION MIXED TREATMENTSlide30: EXTENDED AERATION KAWS AKKAR YMCASlide31: ACTIVATED SLUDGE KFEIR YMCASlide32: ANAEROBIC DIGESTION HASBAYA MCISlide33: AEROBIC DIGESTION MARJ EL ZOUHOUR YMCASlide34: MIXED TREATMENT ADVANCED INTEGRATED WASTEWATER PONDS SYSTEM AIN HARSHA YMCATHANK YOU: THANK YOU You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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Treatment Technologies Noemie Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3899 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: November 09, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: wongkarn (3 month(s) ago) Great job! Could you please send this presentation to me via wongkarn@yahoo.com Thank you very much Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ridwansraya (8 month(s) ago) Its, Great...! Excuse me, Can you send me this slide to me? Thanx b4. ridwansraya@yahoo.co.id Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: shilpagupta (11 month(s) ago) Sir can you please mail me this ppt at shilpa.gupta1990@yahoo.in Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ajithdammika (15 month(s) ago) This is an excellent work. Could you please send this presentation to ajithjaya@nerdc.lk Thanks a lot. Ajith Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sashankkirithi (19 month(s) ago) very informative Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES MEDAWARE : WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES MEDAWARE Prof. George Ayoub Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University of BeirutOUTLINE: OUTLINE Overview of the Conventional Wastewater Treatment Process Discussion of Existing Biological Treatment Technologies Examples from the Mediterranean Region Examples from the Lebanese ContextConventional Wastewater Treatment Process: Conventional Wastewater Treatment Process Pretreatment involves: Screening Grit Removal Oil separation Flow equalization Disinfection can use: Chlorine compounds Bromine Chloride Ozone UV Radiation Chemical Treatment is used in conjunction with the physical and chemical processes: Chemical precipitation Adsorption Sludge Treatment and Disposal involves: grinding, degritting, blending, thickening, stabilization, conditioning, disinfection, dewatering, heat drying, thermal reduction, ultimate disposalBiological Treatment: Biological Treatment In the case of domestic wastewater treatment, the objective of biological treatment is: To stabilize the organic content To remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus Types: Aerobic Processes Anoxic Processes Anaerobic Processes Combined Aerobic-Anoxic-Anaerobic Processes Pond Processes Attached Growth Suspended Growth Combined Systems Aerobic Maturation Facultative AnaerobicMajor Aerobic Biological Processes: Major Aerobic Biological ProcessesActivated Sludge Process: Activated Sludge Process The aeration tank contains a suspension of the wastewater and microorganisms, the mixed liquor. The liquor is mixed by aeration devices (supplying also oxygen) A portion of the biological sludge separated from the secondary effluent by sedimentation is recycled to the aeration tank Types of AS Systems: Conventional, Complete-Mix, Sequencing Batch Reactor, Extended Aeration, Deep Tank, Deep ShaftAdvantages/Disadvantages: Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages Flexible, can adapt to minor pH, organic and temperature changes Small area required Degree of nitrification is controllable Relatively minor odor problems Disadvantages High operating costs (skilled labor, electricity, etc.) Generates solids requiring sludge disposal Some process alternatives are sensitive to shock loads and metallic or other poisons Requires continuous air supply Trickling Filters: Trickling Filters The trickling filter or biofilter consists of a bed of permeable medium of either rock or plastic Microorganisms become attached to the media and form a biological layer or fixed film. Organic matter in the wastewater diffuses into the film, where it is metabolized. Periodically, portions of the film slough off the media Advantages/Disadvantages : Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages Good quality (80-90% BOD5 removal) for 2-stage efficiency could reach 95% Moderate operating costs (lower than activated sludge) Withstands shock loads better than other biological processes Disadvantages High capital costs Clogging of distributors or beds Snail, mosquito and insect problemsRotating Biological Contactors: Rotating Biological Contactors It consists of a series of circular disks of polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride that are submerged in wastewater and rotated slowly through it The disk rotation alternately contacts the biomass with the organic material and then with atmosphere for adsorption of oxygen Excess solids are removed by shearing forces created by the rotation mechanism Advantages/Disdvantages: Advantages/Disdvantages Advantages Short contact periods Handles a wide range of flows Easily separates biomass from waste stream Low operating costs Short retention time Low sludge production Excellent process control Disadvantages Need for covering units installed in cold climate to protect against freezing Shaft bearings and mechanical drive units require frequent maintenance Major Anaerobic Biological Processes: Major Anaerobic Biological ProcessesAnaerobic Contact Process: Anaerobic Contact Process Untreated wastewater is mixed with recycled sludge solids and then digested in a sealed reactor The mixture is separated in a clarifier The supernatant is discharged as effluent, and settled sludge is recycledAdvantages/Disadvantages: Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages Methane recovery Small area required Volatile solids destruction Disadvantages Heat required Effluent in reduced chemical form requires further treatment Requires skilled operation Sludge to be disposed off is minimalUpflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket: Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Wastewater flows upward through a sludge blanket composed of biological granules that decompose organic matter Some of the generated gas attaches to granules that rise and strike degassing baffles releasing the gas Free gas is collected by special domes The effluent passes into a settling chamberAdvantages/Disadvantages: Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages Low energy demand Low land requirement Low sludge production Less expensive than other anaerobic processes High organic removal eficiency Disadvantages Long start-up period Requires sufficient amount of granular seed sludge for faster start-up Significant wash out of sludge during initial phase of process Lower gas yield than other anaerobic processesMajor Anoxic and Combined Biological Processes: Major Anoxic and Combined Biological ProcessesPond Treatment Processes: Pond Treatment ProcessesExamples from the Mediterranean Region (1): Examples from the Mediterranean Region (1)Examples from the Mediterranean Region (2): Examples from the Mediterranean Region (2)Examples from the Mediterranean Region (3): Examples from the Mediterranean Region (3)Examples from Lebanon: Examples from Lebanon Lebanon has been rebuilding its water and wastewater infrastructure since 1992; in this context, the Government initiated the construction of large-scale WWTPs employing AS and Biofilter treatment systems mainly Except for the Ghadir pre-treatment station, no single large-scale plant achieving secondary treatment has started to operate Some community-based plants funded by NGOs are achieving secondary treatment; however, these are small-scale plants and rarely function properlySlide23: Coarse Screening Fine Screening Grit and Grease Removal Tank Pumping Primary Settling Tank Pumping Aeration Tank or Biofilter Degassing Tank Distribution Structure Secondary Settling Tank Venturi Flume Treated Water Pumping Station Technology to be used inside WWTPs proposed by the Government Ghadir Preliminary Treatment Station: Ghadir Preliminary Treatment Station Serves the Greater Beirut Southern Wastewater Collection Basin (population of 977,000) Maximum instantaneous flow: 2.6 m3/s; average: 1.6 m3/s; expected minimum: 1.1 m3/s Accepts also septic tank septage and leachate from the Naameh landfill Effluent is discharged into the sea at a distance of 2.6 km away from the shore and at a depth of 60 m In periods of overflow, the plant partially or completely shuts down, and the effluent is discharged into the sea at a distance of 500 m from the shore GHADIR STATIONTreatment Steps At Ghadir: Treatment Steps At Ghadir SCREENING LIFTING DEGRITTINGBaalbeck WWTP: Baalbeck WWTP Completed in summer 2000 Not yet functional because the collection network is not yet finished Serves a population of 130,600, and has a daily capacity of 19,600 m3/day Will achieve secondary treatment Treatment Technologies in Community-based WWTPs: Treatment Technologies in Community-based WWTPs There are 42 plants as shown by the tableSlide28: EXTENDED AERATION ACTIVATED SLUDGESlide29: ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AEROBIC DIGESTION MIXED TREATMENTSlide30: EXTENDED AERATION KAWS AKKAR YMCASlide31: ACTIVATED SLUDGE KFEIR YMCASlide32: ANAEROBIC DIGESTION HASBAYA MCISlide33: AEROBIC DIGESTION MARJ EL ZOUHOUR YMCASlide34: MIXED TREATMENT ADVANCED INTEGRATED WASTEWATER PONDS SYSTEM AIN HARSHA YMCATHANK YOU: THANK YOU