WG1 Berlin 231105 Leonardi EfficiencyCourier

Understanding energy efficiency improvements in road freight transport companies: the example of courier and parcel services: 

Understanding energy efficiency improvements in road freight transport companies: the example of courier and parcel services Dr. J. Leonardi, M. Baumgartner, O. Krusch Berlin, 23 December 2005

Design: Case studies in Germany: 

Design: Case studies in Germany In total 8 survey samples, 2003 to 2005 Data and interviews from more than 300 companies logistics and road freight transport sector global player – SME – independent driver 3 branches/fields of activity: Container hinterland transport General cargo Courier and parcel services 2 types of company measures: Scheduling and telematics systems Formal Co-operation 1 General representative survey (basis survey)

Slide3: 

CO2 emissions according to traffic sectors Germany 2000 (Source: UBA 2005)

Fuel consumption trends in road transportation Germany 1991-2001(Source: DIW 2004): 

Fuel consumption trends in road transportation Germany 1991-2001(Source: DIW 2004)

General survey: CO2 efficiency in tkm/kg CO2: 

General survey: CO2 efficiency in tkm/kg CO2 Source: Basis survey 2003

CO2 efficiency in relation to load factor and vehicle size class: 

CO2 efficiency in relation to load factor and vehicle size class Source: Basis survey 2003

Load factor for volume and weight: 

Load factor for volume and weight High efficiency potential Source: Basis survey 2003 Weight in % of max. carrying capacity Volume used in % of max. volume available (driver estimates)

Slide8: 

Efficiency of vehicle use and CO2 efficiency Source: Basis survey 2003

Regression analysis for CO2 efficiency and potential factors of influence: 

Regression analysis for CO2 efficiency and potential factors of influence variables r² tkm/mkm and CO2 efficiency 0,98 Total CO2 and CO2 efficiency 0,89 Tkm and CO2 efficiency 0,89 Load weight and CO2 efficiency 0,87 Volume utilisation ratio and CO2 efficiency 0,65 Gross vehicle weight and CO2 efficiency 0,57 Mileage and CO2 efficiency 0,52 Empty run mileage and CO2 efficiency 0,16 Source: Basis survey 2003

Slide10: 

Implementation of existing CO2 reduction measures in 52 German road freight firms Source: Basis survey 2003

Effect of IT scheduling on t, km and fuel use: 

Effect of IT scheduling on t, km and fuel use Sample with IT scheduling German mean 30-40 t trucks Source: IT-Scheduling Survey 2003 Stat. Bundesamt 2004 Leonardi & Baumgartner, TRD 2004

Slide12: 

GDP growth and load factor (weight) Source: Survey 2005: Company trend 2001-2004 South Germany 1.931 truck performance data, standardised quarter means

GDP growth and CO2 emissions per truck: 

GDP growth and CO2 emissions per truck Source: Survey 2005

GDP growth and mileage per truck: 

GDP growth and mileage per truck Source: Survey 2005

CO2 efficiency and load factor1.931 truck monthly means 2001-2004: 

CO2 efficiency and load factor 1.931 truck monthly means 2001-2004 Source: Survey 2005

Consumption factor: 

Consumption factor Source: Survey 2005: 2110 daily means for fuel use and total vehicle weight (40t trucks)

Courier - 16 interviews in companies (+4 experts) survey 2005 - Measurements in March and April: 

Courier - 16 interviews in companies (+4 experts) survey 2005 - Measurements in March and April Sample in one station of one large company (3000 vehicles, 60 stations) Import (Distribution): 48 Day trips Export (Collection): 24 Day trips City (Direct courier transport): 53 Day trips Night line: 14 Night trips = Total: 139 Datasets Variables collected per day or per trip Shipment (Number of parcels/packages) Road performance (km) Gasoline use (litre) Time Vehicle data (type, empty weight)

Number of parcels per day-trips and mean energy efficiency (1 parcel = 1 package) : 

Number of parcels per day-trips and mean energy efficiency (1 parcel = 1 package) Source: Courier survey 2005

Number of parcels and mean efficiency: 

Number of parcels and mean efficiency Source: Courier survey 2005

Mileage per trip and CO2 efficiency: 

Mileage per trip and CO2 efficiency Source: Courier survey 2005

Load factor and efficiency I: 

Load factor and efficiency I Source: Courier survey 2005

Load factor and efficiency II: 

Problems within Import Source: Courier survey 2005 Load factor and efficiency II

Minimum and maximum daily means for efficiency in kg CO2 per parcel : 

Minimum and maximum daily means for efficiency in kg CO2 per parcel Minimum Maximum Factor Export (Region Hamburg (HH)) 0,06 1,15 19 Night line (Germany) 0,4 1,5 3,7 Import (Region HH) 0,11 6,10 55 Total Overnight (Germany) 0,57 8,75 15 Direct courier (HH) 0,47 14,52 31 Source: Courier survey 2005

Costs: 

Costs Average parcel delivery price, Germany 2005: 9,- € Fuel costs in relation to total revenues per parcel (estimates) Overnight: 2,5% - 40,1% (min-max) Direct courier: 2,1% - 66,6% Source: Courier survey 2005 Fuel costs per parcel Min Max Overnight 0,23 € 3,61 € Direct courier 0,19 € 6,00 €

Direct courier: Fuel usein Liter/100 km : 

Direct courier: Fuel use in Liter/100 km Source: Courier survey 2005

Slide26: 

Direct courier: Fuel use and efficiency Source: Courier survey 2005

Direct courier: Vehicle analysis: 

Direct courier: Vehicle analysis

Efficiency analysis Opel Astra: 

Efficiency analysis Opel Astra Source: Courier survey 2005

Two cases of night transport between hub and regional centers: 

Two cases of night transport between hub and regional centers Source: Courier survey 2005

Scheduling and telematics technologies: 

Scheduling and telematics technologies Source: IT-scheduling survey 2005

Scheduling and telematics technologies: Current topics named by experts in survey 2005 : 

Scheduling and telematics technologies: Current topics named by experts in survey 2005 Source: IT-scheduling survey 2005

Analysis for parcel service: transport operations (fleet, vehicle, driver) I: 

Potentials identified Education of drivers Technical optimisation of trucks and vehicles Substitution of classic fuels with bio-diesel or natural gas Onboard monitoring systems (fuel consumption, load capacity) Further technologies (bar code scan etc.) Market (in)transparency for efficiency measures Analysis for parcel service: transport operations (fleet, vehicle, driver) I Source: Courier survey 2005

Analysis for transport operations II: 

Analysis for transport operations II Problems Structure of the sector is an obstacle for more efficiency measures Cost-benefits analysis is still not performed for many instruments Variations in load factor complicate the identification of potentials Solutions and approaches (to activate the potential) Increase the quality of market information for efficiency technologies More co-operation between transport operators, constructors and technology supplier on solutions Take influence on fleet and drivers through awareness of clients and forwarders Benefits Improved income situation at the level of transportation systems Low environmental pressure as marketing instrument? (e.g. bike courier) Source: Courier survey 2005

Analysis for organisation efficiency I: 

Analysis for organisation efficiency I Potentials identified Co-operation with other companies Use of telematics and IT-scheduling systems Navigation systems Optimise vehicle (fleet) to the order (situation) Quality of data in the vehicle communication Further technologies Combine transport & other services Specialists could cover some potentials in special business types Source: Courier survey 2005

Analysis organisation II: 

Analysis organisation II Problems Co-operations are already well developed Exclusivity of courier transport service as main quality Limits between products Thinking in labels Structure of the sector (transport separated from organisation) IT-System not very user friendly Solutions and approaches New products – user / customers / IT supplier Benefits Improvements in economic and ecological efficiency Source: Courier survey 2005

Thank you for your attention!: 

Thank you for your attention!