Ecobasics5pyramids10rule

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Slide 1:

E c o l o g y basics The Marine Research Facility Malibu High School P r e s e n t s 5.

Slide 2:

THE 10% RULE and ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS

Slide 3:

The Laws of Thermodynamics and FOOD CHAINS !

Slide 4:

The 10 % RULE !

Slide 5:

The maximum amount of ENERGY that passes from one trophic level to the next is 10%. 90% of the ENERGY at each trophic level is used to keep the organisms alive and is converted to HEAT.

Slide 6:

Always start with the SUN.

Slide 7:

PHYTOPLANKTON The 10% RULE ! 90% of the ENERGY captured by PRODUCERS is used to keep themselves alive (converted to heat). Max. 10 % to HERBIVORES HEAT

Slide 8:

PRODUCERS HERBIVORES 1st Order CARNIVORES 2nd Order CARNIVORES 3rd Order CARNIVORES Producers are the BASE of the pyramid of biomass because their ENERGY comes direct from the SUN .

Slide 9:

ZOOPLANKTON PHYTOPLANKTON The 10% RULE ! 10% HEAT Max. 10 % to CARNIVORES 90% 90% was used to keep the HERBIVORES alive.

Slide 10:

PRODUCERS HERBIVORES 1st Order CARNIVORES 2nd Order CARNIVORES 3rd Order CARNIVORES HERBIVORES exist on only 10% of the ENERGY from PRODUCERS .

Slide 11:

ZOOPLANKTON PHYTOPLANKTON 1st Order CARNIVORES The 10% RULE ! 90% HEAT Max. 10 % to 2nd O. CARNIVORES 10% 10% 10%

Slide 12:

PRODUCERS HERBIVORES 1st Order CARNIVORES 2nd Order CARNIVORES 3rd Order CARNIVORES 1st O. Carnivores are max.10% of HERBIVORES .

Slide 13:

ZOOPLANKTON PHYTOPLANKTON 1st Order CARNIVORES 2nd Order CARNIVORES The 10% RULE ! 10% 10% 10%

Slide 14:

PRODUCERS HERBIVORES 1st Order CARNIVORES 2nd Order CARNIVORES 3rd Order CARNIVORES There isn’t much ENERGY left near the top.

Slide 15:

PRODUCERS HERBIVORES 1st Order CARNIVORES 2nd Order CARNIVORES 3rd Order CARNIVORES The 10% RULE . . . ...results in this ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID

Slide 16:

PRODUCERS - 1000 HERBIVORES - 100 1st Order CARNIVORES - 10 2nd Order CARNIVORES - 1 3rd Order CARNIVORES 0.1 The 10% RULE . . . ...is used to help predict NUMBERS .

Slide 17:

1000 100 10 1 0.1 The 10% RULE . . . ...is used to help predict BIOMASS .

Slide 18:

The ecological pyramid at ZUMA. ZOOPLANKTON PHYTOPLANKTON 2nd Order CARNIVORES 1st Order CARNIVORES 10% 10% 10%

Slide 19:

Population size ratios at ZUMA. 10% 10% 10% 1,000 100 10 1 individuals individuals individuals individual

Slide 20:

Biomass at ZUMA. 10% 10% 10% 1,000 100 10 1 pounds pounds pounds pound

Slide 21:

For every 1 lb. of halibut, how many lbs. of Zalophus can be supported ? ? 1 lb.

Slide 22:

For every 1 lb. of halibut, 0.1 lbs. of Zalophus can be supported ! 0.1 lbs 1 lb.

Slide 23:

ZOOPLANKTON PHYTOPLANKTON 1st Order CARNIVORES 2nd Order CARNIVORES For a 30 lb. halibut, 30,000 lbs. of phytoplankton are necessary ! 30 lbs. 300 lbs. 3,000 lbs. 30,000 lbs.

Slide 24:

REVIEW CHECKPOINT: 1. What is the 10% rule ? 2. Where does most of the ENERGY go at each trophic level ? 3. What 2 things can the ecological pyramid help predict? 4. If there are 14,963 kg of anchovies at Zuma, tell how many kg are predicted: a. Zooplankton c. Halibut b. Phytoplankton d. Zalophus

Slide 25:

Coming soon: FOOD WEBS !