logging in or signing up Lufthansa Nikita Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 6887 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: November 16, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: estadistico (12 month(s) ago) Graciass!!! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Tu?n Vu7625 (12 month(s) ago) thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ptn_84 (28 month(s) ago) perfect! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: hemant888 (30 month(s) ago) thats really great Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: rmartinez24 (36 month(s) ago) Hi! I think your presentation is great! Could you send it to me? Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Lufthansa: Lufthansa Is it Hedging or Speculating?Case synopsis: Case synopsis In January 1985, Lufthansa, under the chairmanship of Heinz Ruhnau purchased twenty 737 jets from Boeing. The agreed upon price was $500 million, payable in US$ on delivery of the aircrafts in one year, that is in January 1986. Case synopsis: Case synopsis The US$ had been rising steadily and rapidly since 1980, and was approximately DM3.2/$ in January 1985. Worst case scenario: US$ continues to appreciate.Herr Ruhnau’s expectations: Herr Ruhnau’s expectations “Like others at that time, he believed that the US$ had risen about as far as it was going to go, and would probably begin to fall by the time January 1986 rolled around.”Hedging alternatives: Hedging alternatives Remain uncovered Full forward cover Option hedging Money market hedge Some combination of the above alternatives Remain uncovered: Remain uncovered It is the maximum risk approach. If e = DM 2.2/$ by January 1986, the purchase of the jets would be only DM 1.1 billion. If e = DM 4/$ the total cost would be DM 2 billion. Many firms believe that: uncovered position = currency speculation. Full forward cover: Full forward cover This approach would have locked in an exchange rate of DM 3.2/$, with a known final cost of DM 1.6 billion.Foreign currency options: Foreign currency options A put option on the DM at DM 3.2/$, could locked in DM 1.6 billion plus the cost of the option premium (DM 96 million). The total cost of the purchase in the event the put was exercised would be DM 1.696 billion. Money market hedge: Money market hedge Obtain the $500 million now and hold those funds in an interest-bearing account or asset until payment was due. What ultimately eliminated this alternative for consideration was that Lufthansa had several covenants that limited the types, amounts, and currencies of denomination of the debt it could carry on its balance sheet. Heinz Ruhnau's decision: Heinz Ruhnau's decision Ruhnau covered forward half of the exposure ($250 million) at DM 3.2/$, and left the remaining half uncovered.Expected cost as of January 1985 : Expected cost as of January 1985 Slide12: Expected cost as of January 1985 Slide13: Expected cost as of January 1985 Slide14: Expected cost as of January 1985 Slide15: Expected cost as of January 1985 Outcome: Outcome The dollar weakened from DM 3.2/$ to DM 2.3/$. Outcome: Perfect hindsight: Outcome: Perfect hindsightSlide18: Outcome: Perfect hindsightSlide19: Outcome: Perfect hindsightSlide20: Outcome: Perfect hindsightThe Aftermath: The Aftermath “On February 14, 1986, Heinz Ruhnau was summoned to meet with Lufthansa's board and with Germany's transportation minister to explain his supposed speculative management of Lufthansa's exposure in the purchase of Boeing jets. Herr Ruhnau was accused of recklessy speculating with Lufthansa's money, but the speculation was seen as the forward contract, not the amount of the exposure left uncovered for the full year.”Herr Ruhnau was accused of making the following mistakes:: Herr Ruhnau was accused of making the following mistakes: Purchasing the Boeing aircraft at the wrong time. Choosing to hedge half of the exposure when he expected the dollar to fall. Choosing forward hedging over options Purchasing Boeing jets at all What went wrong?: What went wrong? Lufthansa’s board should have chosen DM1.6 b as a benchmark (DM3.2/$) Herr Ruhnau expected the dollar to fall; hence, he should have used option hedging Concept check #1: Concept check #1 If you believe there is a 80% probability that your house will be destroyed by floods, would you buy insurance or move to another location?Concept check #2: Concept check #2 You want your exams to be assessed based on: a. a pre-determined, objective exam key b. instructor’s inspiration at the time of gradingConclusions: Conclusions Expect the exchange rate to move against you? Use forward hedging. Expect the exchange rate to move in your favor? Use option hedging. The benchmark has to be ex-ante not ex-post. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Lufthansa Nikita Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 6887 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: November 16, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: estadistico (12 month(s) ago) Graciass!!! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Tu?n Vu7625 (12 month(s) ago) thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ptn_84 (28 month(s) ago) perfect! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: hemant888 (30 month(s) ago) thats really great Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: rmartinez24 (36 month(s) ago) Hi! I think your presentation is great! Could you send it to me? Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Lufthansa: Lufthansa Is it Hedging or Speculating?Case synopsis: Case synopsis In January 1985, Lufthansa, under the chairmanship of Heinz Ruhnau purchased twenty 737 jets from Boeing. The agreed upon price was $500 million, payable in US$ on delivery of the aircrafts in one year, that is in January 1986. Case synopsis: Case synopsis The US$ had been rising steadily and rapidly since 1980, and was approximately DM3.2/$ in January 1985. Worst case scenario: US$ continues to appreciate.Herr Ruhnau’s expectations: Herr Ruhnau’s expectations “Like others at that time, he believed that the US$ had risen about as far as it was going to go, and would probably begin to fall by the time January 1986 rolled around.”Hedging alternatives: Hedging alternatives Remain uncovered Full forward cover Option hedging Money market hedge Some combination of the above alternatives Remain uncovered: Remain uncovered It is the maximum risk approach. If e = DM 2.2/$ by January 1986, the purchase of the jets would be only DM 1.1 billion. If e = DM 4/$ the total cost would be DM 2 billion. Many firms believe that: uncovered position = currency speculation. Full forward cover: Full forward cover This approach would have locked in an exchange rate of DM 3.2/$, with a known final cost of DM 1.6 billion.Foreign currency options: Foreign currency options A put option on the DM at DM 3.2/$, could locked in DM 1.6 billion plus the cost of the option premium (DM 96 million). The total cost of the purchase in the event the put was exercised would be DM 1.696 billion. Money market hedge: Money market hedge Obtain the $500 million now and hold those funds in an interest-bearing account or asset until payment was due. What ultimately eliminated this alternative for consideration was that Lufthansa had several covenants that limited the types, amounts, and currencies of denomination of the debt it could carry on its balance sheet. Heinz Ruhnau's decision: Heinz Ruhnau's decision Ruhnau covered forward half of the exposure ($250 million) at DM 3.2/$, and left the remaining half uncovered.Expected cost as of January 1985 : Expected cost as of January 1985 Slide12: Expected cost as of January 1985 Slide13: Expected cost as of January 1985 Slide14: Expected cost as of January 1985 Slide15: Expected cost as of January 1985 Outcome: Outcome The dollar weakened from DM 3.2/$ to DM 2.3/$. Outcome: Perfect hindsight: Outcome: Perfect hindsightSlide18: Outcome: Perfect hindsightSlide19: Outcome: Perfect hindsightSlide20: Outcome: Perfect hindsightThe Aftermath: The Aftermath “On February 14, 1986, Heinz Ruhnau was summoned to meet with Lufthansa's board and with Germany's transportation minister to explain his supposed speculative management of Lufthansa's exposure in the purchase of Boeing jets. Herr Ruhnau was accused of recklessy speculating with Lufthansa's money, but the speculation was seen as the forward contract, not the amount of the exposure left uncovered for the full year.”Herr Ruhnau was accused of making the following mistakes:: Herr Ruhnau was accused of making the following mistakes: Purchasing the Boeing aircraft at the wrong time. Choosing to hedge half of the exposure when he expected the dollar to fall. Choosing forward hedging over options Purchasing Boeing jets at all What went wrong?: What went wrong? Lufthansa’s board should have chosen DM1.6 b as a benchmark (DM3.2/$) Herr Ruhnau expected the dollar to fall; hence, he should have used option hedging Concept check #1: Concept check #1 If you believe there is a 80% probability that your house will be destroyed by floods, would you buy insurance or move to another location?Concept check #2: Concept check #2 You want your exams to be assessed based on: a. a pre-determined, objective exam key b. instructor’s inspiration at the time of gradingConclusions: Conclusions Expect the exchange rate to move against you? Use forward hedging. Expect the exchange rate to move in your favor? Use option hedging. The benchmark has to be ex-ante not ex-post.