Presentation Transcript
Slide1 :
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES (SIDS)
Mohamed Ali
Environment Research Centre
Ministry of Home Affairs and Environment, Maldives
Slide2 : Sustainable Development: 'safeguarding the reefs for; protection, fisheries, tourism and agriculture in the Maldives'
'Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own' 'wisdom to continue exploiting the available resources (environment) without upsetting the functioning and balance of the natural support systems'
Slide3 : Specialness of the SIDS Lack of natural resources and skilled endogenous human resources. Remoteness Smallness Geographical dispersion Fragility of ecosystems Heavy dependence on imports
Slide4 : The setting:
Slide5 : The consequences: cost of distribution and services delivery multiplies loose competitive advantage
forced to import almost all requirements; no food or energy security, products for export/ consumption obtained directly from the environment…
Slide6 : Physical environmental changes
- global warming,
- climate change
O3 depletion
sea level rise Economic environmental changes
- globalisation
- economic restructuring
- WTO
- economic status
Global environmental changes
Slide7 :
Physical environment
Slide8 :
Coral Reefs:
The foundation, the strength, and the future of the Maldives
Fisheries : Fisheries Reef fish
Bait fish Tuna fisheries
Consumption
Export
Aesthetics : Aesthetics
Slide11 : Percentage Contribution to GDP by Tourism and Fishing from 1984 to 2000 Tourism
Slide12 : Physical Protection Erosion Erosion
Slide13 : Tradition andamp; Culture
Slide14 : Island geography Gan Laamu 512.4
Hithadhoo Seenu 455.4
Fuahmulaku 411.5
Isdhoo Laamu 293.7
Kaashidhoo Kaafu 276.5
Gan Seenu 264.9
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Male’ 177.3 1200 islands
200 inhabited
Slide15 :
Slide16 : height and shape ……
Slide17 : Water Resource
Slide18 : island dynamics Long term Short term Medium term
Slide19 :
Slide20 : Local stresses
Dredging/Coral mining
Sand mining from beach
Harbour construction
Reclamation
Seawalls/groynes
Island-based pollution
Slide21 :
global warming
climate change
frequent El Ninos
coral bleaching
O3 depletion
sea level rise
Global stresses
Slide22 : Coral Bleaching after during.. before
Slide23 : Reef Damage
Slide24 : impact the economic and social performances threatening natural resources
(reefs, biodiversity, tuna)
affect water resources
vulnerability to disasters
reduce resilience of the islands Results
Slide25 : eroding the market preferences and export benefits. Economic environment: trade blocs and regional associations are closing the doors for their few export products Sanitary and phytosanitary demands or ecolabelling requirements are hindering exports by SIDS. Economic status (LDC/SIDS…?) 'Yardstick issue'
Tend to lose preferential borrowing rights and access to special funds.
Slide26 : ‘Compounding vulnerability’:
Environmental vulnerability hastening economic vulnerability, combination of both are amplifying and escalating social vulnerability.
Slide27 : Sustainable Development in SIDS:
Case sensitive
Narrow threshold
Insecurity
Vulnerable (internal and external shocks)
Complex
Pragmatic approach
Unity and cooperation
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