Crisis and Rebirth in Europe Late Medieval 1300-1650 Ch 24-25,27: Crisis and Rebirth in Europe Late Medieval 1300-1650 Ch 24-25,27 Plagues- Revolts- Wars and Famine
Religious Crisis
Reformation and Renaissance
Economic, Social and Health Crisis: Economic, Social and Health Crisis A- Famine- partly bad weather
B- Plagues caused havoc(see map p 273)
types Bubonic (Black Death) Pneumonic
blamed sin, flagellation
C- Peasant revolts- reduction in pop-
lords still wanted work- not enough serfs
Jaquire in France 1358, English peasants revolt in 1381 AND then
Political Crisis Hundred Years War 1337-1453: Political Crisis Hundred Years War 1337-1453 Begin- fight over Gascony (last English province in France) Edward III claimed French throne-
English win stunning victory at Crecy soldiers paid with strong long bow
France too big too unify under Eng.- Henry V at Agincourt
Joan of Arc- French loose battles but win the war
Other Changes: Other Changes 1. Feudalism breaking down towns increasing and kings becoming stronger raise own armies- issue right to tax
2. England - long struggle to establish Tudor kings (War of Roses)
3. Spain - Christians uniting to force out Moors
4. Russia forces out the Mongols
5. Ottoman Turks take Byzantium 1453
Holy Roman Empire Revisited: Holy Roman Empire Revisited still disunity but in 15th century Charles V rules Spain, Germany, Italy
never able to control Italian city states
has to deal with reformation in Germany
Charles breaks up Empire and retires
Religious Crisis: Religious Crisis Western Church spits with the Eastern orthodox 1054
Papacy moves to Avignon- French king powerful- resented by others
Vote for another pope- est Two popes - called another Great Schism
Corruption, conflict - selling church position and indulgences for sins led to--------------->
Intellectual Reawakening Ch 25 The Renaissance: Intellectual Reawakening Ch 25 The Renaissance Began in Italy- means “rebirth” some see as beginning of modern age with emphasis of individualism
1. rebirth of classics- began to study Aristotle, Plato reconcile antiquity with Christianity
2. Humanism- saw potential in humans- belief in education, change and hope
Philosophy of Renaissance (cont): Philosophy of Renaissance (cont) 3. to make people virtuous , see the possibility in improving
4. looked to Greeks and Romans- recognized they were superior
5. basis for scientific thought
And even your gen Ed classes- try to make you an “educated, well rounded human i.e. renaissance (wo)man.”
The Reformation ch 27: The Reformation ch 27 Many movement to reform- John Hus in 1415 had called for end of corruption went to Council at Constance- burned
Council said they were directly connected to God and everyone had to listen
popes themselves not the models of virtue- supported arts and relatives
The Reformers: The Reformers Martin Luther- deeply religious priest- never intended break, but would not back down at Worms “Here I stand”
escaped, translated Bible to German-began a political and religious struggle in Germany- Most of North became Lutheran
Erasamus 1536t popularized Christian Humanism and inner piety
More Reformers: More Reformers John Calvin 1564t systematic reformer
from France to Geneva- set up theocracy
inspired John Knox- carried reform to Scotland
Zwingli 1531t priest in Zurich got rid of relics and images, replaced liturgy with Scripture reading, prayer and sermon, died in battle