Kate lance

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Kate Lance and Glenn Hyman International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Central American Geographic Information Project GSDI5 - Cartagena, Colombia, May 2001 Adoption and implementation of national spatial data infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean Copyright © 2001

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PROCIG Source: The Economist

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30km Source of graphic: Alden Rivera, SERNA-Honduras

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Source of graphic: Alden Rivera, SERNA-Honduras

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Inconsistency in the production of geographic information Poor data documentation Duplication of effort Major institutional egos! Little or no value added to basic maps Lack of information policies $$$$$$$ Even though GIS use is steadily increasing in Latin America and the Caribbean -- for instance ESRI sales growth in Latin America from 1999 to 2000 was 19% -- the institutional problems associated with GIS have hardly improved. International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG

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Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos Ministerio Agropecuario y Forestal Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales INETER Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía Instituto Geográfico Nacional CATIE Dirección de Estadística y Censos Autoridad Nacional de Ambiente Instituto Geográfico Nacional SENACYT Instituto Geográfico Nacional SEGEPLAN CIAT Dirección General de Estadística y Censos Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Viceministerio de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano Instituto Geográfico Nacional Instituto Nacional de Estadística Secretaría de Agricultura y Ganadería Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente Instituto Geografica Nacional PROCIG Central American Geographic Information Project http://www.procig.org 25 participating institutions International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG

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Diagnostic of problems in each country both technical and institutional Mechanisms and strategies for institutional change NSDI committees (executive, organizational, standards) fundamental data working groups national seminars / workshops metadata clearinghouse nodes inter-institutional projects/studies using GIS funding (‘educating the donors’) International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG

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2nd survey – developed by CIAT-IGAC – multiple choice focused on indicators/benchmarking 1st survey – developed by Harlan Onsrud (translated and distributed by IGAC/CIAT) – open questions focused on NSDI components 18 countries 19 countries (+ USA and Canada) Results available online at http://www.procig.org or contact Kate at lancekt@aya.yale.edu International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG

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Leadership Authority Antecedents/Prior Initiatives Participation Financial Resources Diffusion Factors Implementation of Components Challenges 2nd survey – multiple choice focused on indicators/benchmarking 8 themes International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG

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Initiatives in Central America International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG COSTA RICA 1995: GIS Inventory - Telesig 1998: SINADES – Proposal for a National Geographic Information Center EL SALVADOR 1996: ASUSIG –Association of Geographic Information Users GUATEMALA 1996: Coordinating Commission for the Information System for Geographic Modernization of the States 1999: Inter-institutional Unit for Support to the Development of a National Geographic Information System (UNISIG) 2000: SNIG – National Geographic Information System HONDURAS 1989: SECPLAN – Design of a National Information System 1990: Presidential Information Organization Unit 1996: RENASIG NICARAGUA 1996: Geomatics Committee 1998: Geomatics Committee PANAMA 1985: Consultative Technical Committee for Geographic Information (CTC) (Lance, 2001)

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    Information Management Initiatives in Honduras     In Honduras, several projects or programs promote better use of spatial data and NSDI concepts. However, there is duplication and little coordination between projects. Donors are part of the problem International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG (Lance, 2001)

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Australia Austria Belgium Canada China Czech Rep. Denmark Finland France Germany Hungary Isl. Rep. of Iran Italy Jamaica Japan Republic of Korea Malaysia Morocco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Portugal Russian Federation Saudi Arabia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Tanzania Thailand United Kingdom United States of America Yugoslavia International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG Members of ISO Active members (P-members), 33 countries

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Bahrain (corr.) Brunei Darussalam (corr.) Colombia Cuba Estonia (corr.) Greece Hong Kong (corr.) Iceland India Mauritius Oman Pakistan Poland Slovakia Slovenia Turkey Ukraine Uruguay Zimbabwe International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG Members of ISO Observing members (15 O-members), 4 corresponding members

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More work is needed on clarifying the copyright law in each country so GIS users know the ‘playing field’ International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG Example response to questionnaire

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Initiatives within the past 4 years [most within the past 2 years] February 1997: Paraguay, Sistema Nacional De Información Georeferenciada (SNIG) August 1998: Colombia, ICDE – formally recognized July 2000 June 1999: Guyana, Integrated Natural Resources Information System (GINRIS) - approved by the Cabinet in Nov. 2000 May 2000: Cuba, Infraestructura Cubana de Datos Espaciales (ICDE) August 2000: Chile, Sistema Nacional de Información Territorial (with executive order) October 2000: Dominican Republic, Centro Nacional de Geoinformatica November 2000: El Salvador, Infraestructura Salvodoreno de Datos Espaciales (ISDE), Executive Committee formalized May 2001 January 2001: Honduras, Infraestructura Nacional de Datos Espaciales de Honduras (INDEH), Pro-INDEH formed Jan. 2001 Venezuela, Infraestructura Nacional de Datos Geospaciales (INDG) International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG

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Do these NSDI initiatives have a national inter-institutional committee for the development of NSDI? Yes 8 countries Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala Guyana, Honduras, Paraguay, Dominican Republic No 10 countries Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama If a national NSDI committee exists, is it official? Yes 5 countries Colombia, Chile, El Salvador, Guyana, Dominican Republic International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG (Lance et. al., 2001)

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NSDI is diffusing – initiatives throughout Latin America and the Caribbean Stage 0 - Without development: does not have awareness with respect to NSDI Stage 1 - Becoming aware of NSDI: has obtained information about NSDI and understands the need for NSDI, but has not initiated any institutional changes (Phase I) Stage 2 - Has adopted the NSDI concept and has begun making changes Stage 3 - Is well into the implementation of NSDI: a work plan has been written and is being implemented International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG (Lance et. al., 2001)

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Clearinghouse Nodes Around the World As of April 2001 Argentina: 1 Australia: 18 Barbados: 2 Brazil: 2 Canada: 42 Chile 1 China: 1 Colombia: 2 Costa Rica: 3 Dominica: 1 Dominican Republic: 1 El Salvador: 1 Guatemala: 2 Honduras: 2 Italy: 2 Japan: 1 Jamaica: 1 Kenya: 1 Mexico: 2 Nicaragua: 1 Peru: 1 South Africa: 2 Trinidad & Tobago: 1 United Kingdom: 5 United States: 147 Uruguay: 2 Venezuela: 1 Graphics/data provided by USGS/EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls

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The 2000 round of censuses of population and agriculture in Central America Source: http://www.procig.org/Censos.htm Geographic and Statistics Institutes mutually benefit from a strategic relationship and strong collaboration. Through GIS technology, the relationship between the geographic and statistics institutes is becoming stronger in the region. International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG

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10) Too much project orientation and too little focus on building institutional capacity and producing/updating base data. Need to set ‘rules’ on how internationally funded projects are budgeted and implemented (portion of budget should support NSDI components) . 9) Need concrete products and concise presentation of problems and benefits in order to ‘market’ NSDI to ministers and other high-ranking government officials. 8) Need to ‘calculate’ the $$ wasted by not having infrastructure – track the money, and you often have the most compelling argument for stressing the importance of NSDI. 7) Need to link NSDI development efforts with Modernization of the State and internet connectivity programs (through National Science and Technology Agencies / national information policy) Top Ten List International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG

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6) Need to work on communication between national government agencies and municipal government agencies. 4) Need to make sure ‘mandates’ or roles between institutions are clear and do not conflict. 5) Need to consider how information flows from rural areas to the national government. Most of the emphasis on internet connectivity has been on getting information ‘out’ – more thought on how to get information ‘in’ (from farmers, from people living in flood zones, from rural health clinics, etc.). 1) Need to have dedicated staff to work on NSDI development. 2) National Mapping Agencies need to step up to the plate! 3) Need to make information on data standards and procedures accessible and easier with which to work. International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG

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Source: The Economist PROCIG