logging in or signing up weps 11 Nellwyn Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 710 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: March 06, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: Forensica (26 month(s) ago) can u send me the powerpoint for study purpopse.thanx fo such useful ppt. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Military Explosives and Warheads: Military Explosives and Warheads Naval Weapons Systems Lesson 11 NS 202Explosion: Explosion Definition: A reaction that produces a change in the state of matter that results in a rapid and violent release of energy. Types: - Mechanical - Chemical - Nuclear Explosive : Explosive Definition: A material (chemical or nuclear) that can be initiated to undergo a very rapid, self propagating decomposition, resulting in: a. formation of more stable materials b. the liberation of heat c. development of a sudden pressure effect d. initiation of a reactionCharacteristics of Military Explosives: Characteristics of Military Explosives Availability & Cost Sensitivity (impact, friction & heat) Stability (chemical constitution, sun, temperature) Power (or performance) Brisance Density Volatility Hygroscopicity ToxicityChemical Explosive Reaction For a chemical to be an explosive, it must exhibit all of the following:: Chemical Explosive Reaction For a chemical to be an explosive, it must exhibit all of the following: Formation of Gases Evolution of Heat Rapidity of Reaction Initiation of ReactionCategories of Explosives: Categories of Explosives Low Explosives Normally employed as propellants. Burn rapidly (up to 400 m/s). High Explosives Detonate (1000 - 8500 m/s). Differentiated by Sensitivity: Primary - Extremely sensitive to impact, friction & heat. Secondary - Less sensitive. (May burn in small, unconfined quantities; otherwise will detonate.) No sharp line of demarcation between low & high explosives.Nuclear Explosives: Nuclear Explosives Atoms of heavy unstable isotopes are split by high speed neutrons. Split nucleus releases energy and more neutrons. These neutrons go on to split more nuclei. Reaction also produces heat and radiation. Energy released is much greater than with chemical explosives (per weight of explosive).Energy From a Nuclear Air Burst: Energy From a Nuclear Air BurstFunctional Parts of Simple Warhead: Functional Parts of Simple Warhead Basic purpose of a warhead is to deliver destructive power to the intended target. Basic warhead consists of: Fuze Explosive Fill Warhead Case All make up what is known as the “Explosive Train.”High Explosive Train: High Explosive Train The explosive train is a series of actions designed to make a stable material unstable through a given sequence. Combination of High and Low explosives. DETONATOR BOOSTER MAIN CHARGE Initiating Force BANG! Aux. Explosive Sensitivity less MOREWarhead Characteristics: Warhead Characteristics Damage Volume Defines the destructive effectiveness of a given payload. Attenuation A function of distance from the origin of the blast, as the blast travels outward, the energy given off is dispersed over a greater area. Propagation How energy released from the blast spreads. Isotropic & Non-isotropicWARHEAD TYPES: WARHEAD TYPES Blast Conventional Underwater Nuclear Fragmentation Shaped Charge Continuous Rod Special PurposeBlast Warheads: Blast Warheads Designed to achieve best results from the blast. Initial blast produces heat and overpressure. Followed by a suction or underpressure. Push/Pull causes the intended target to explode from the external pressure, similar to the effects caused by a tornado.Blast Warheads Cont.: Blast Warheads Cont. Two types of blasts: Isotropic - Blast propagates equally in all directions. Non-Isotropic - Blast propagates in a specific direction. Mach Effect - A third wave resulting from the reflected wave overtaking the original shock wave. Where the three waves combine is called the “Triple Point.” Triple Point can increase a blast weapon’s effectiveness/radius range.Fragmentation Warheads: Fragmentation Warheads Blast energy is translated to the fragments of the weapons casing. Approximately 30% of energy used to frag warhead, providing frags w/ KE. Fragments propelled at very high velocities. Exceeds the radius of a blast weapon. Allows for greater inaccuracies in weapon use.Shaped Warhead: Penetrates materials using pressures >>> yield strength of mat’l...: Shaped Warhead: Penetrates materials using pressures >>> yield strength of mat’l... Weapon impacts tgt, fuze at rear of weapon ignites apex of metal cone liner. Cone collapses from apex forward. Collapse results in the ejection of a high-velocity molten jet of liner material. Pressure of jet>>>armor yield strength. The jet is followed by a slug. The jet liquifies some armor (spalling).Continuous-Rod Warheads: Continuous-Rod Warheads Used to damage aircraft in the event of a near miss. Series of rods connected and folded so that the series expands circularly. Doesn’t produce as much destructive energy as the average fragmentation weapon.Special Purpose Weapons: Special Purpose Weapons Thermal Weapons Used to start fires. Napalm, etc. Biological & Chemical Weapons Used to kill with a minimal amount of destruction. Bio - microbes (Anthrax, Ebola, Plague) Chem - (Nerve Agents, Mustard Gas)Special Purpose Weapons: Special Purpose Weapons Radiation Weapons (e.g.- Neutron Bomb) Pyrotechnic Warheads Flares (for lighting or signaling). Smoke Anti-Personnel Warheads Designed to maim troops. Projectile loaded with steel darts or wire. Cluster Bombs (CBU) - Used for soft targets over a wide area.Special Purpose Weapons (cont.): Special Purpose Weapons (cont.) Mines Offensive and Defensive Torpedoes - Homes on intended target Mission / Mobility Kill - Hits ships screw Hard Kill - explodes under ships hull Anti-Tank Warheads Large diameter shaped charges. KE defeat mechanism (“cookie cutter”). Plastic defeat mechanism (massive spalling for lighter armor). You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
weps 11 Nellwyn Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 710 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: March 06, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: Forensica (26 month(s) ago) can u send me the powerpoint for study purpopse.thanx fo such useful ppt. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Military Explosives and Warheads: Military Explosives and Warheads Naval Weapons Systems Lesson 11 NS 202Explosion: Explosion Definition: A reaction that produces a change in the state of matter that results in a rapid and violent release of energy. Types: - Mechanical - Chemical - Nuclear Explosive : Explosive Definition: A material (chemical or nuclear) that can be initiated to undergo a very rapid, self propagating decomposition, resulting in: a. formation of more stable materials b. the liberation of heat c. development of a sudden pressure effect d. initiation of a reactionCharacteristics of Military Explosives: Characteristics of Military Explosives Availability & Cost Sensitivity (impact, friction & heat) Stability (chemical constitution, sun, temperature) Power (or performance) Brisance Density Volatility Hygroscopicity ToxicityChemical Explosive Reaction For a chemical to be an explosive, it must exhibit all of the following:: Chemical Explosive Reaction For a chemical to be an explosive, it must exhibit all of the following: Formation of Gases Evolution of Heat Rapidity of Reaction Initiation of ReactionCategories of Explosives: Categories of Explosives Low Explosives Normally employed as propellants. Burn rapidly (up to 400 m/s). High Explosives Detonate (1000 - 8500 m/s). Differentiated by Sensitivity: Primary - Extremely sensitive to impact, friction & heat. Secondary - Less sensitive. (May burn in small, unconfined quantities; otherwise will detonate.) No sharp line of demarcation between low & high explosives.Nuclear Explosives: Nuclear Explosives Atoms of heavy unstable isotopes are split by high speed neutrons. Split nucleus releases energy and more neutrons. These neutrons go on to split more nuclei. Reaction also produces heat and radiation. Energy released is much greater than with chemical explosives (per weight of explosive).Energy From a Nuclear Air Burst: Energy From a Nuclear Air BurstFunctional Parts of Simple Warhead: Functional Parts of Simple Warhead Basic purpose of a warhead is to deliver destructive power to the intended target. Basic warhead consists of: Fuze Explosive Fill Warhead Case All make up what is known as the “Explosive Train.”High Explosive Train: High Explosive Train The explosive train is a series of actions designed to make a stable material unstable through a given sequence. Combination of High and Low explosives. DETONATOR BOOSTER MAIN CHARGE Initiating Force BANG! Aux. Explosive Sensitivity less MOREWarhead Characteristics: Warhead Characteristics Damage Volume Defines the destructive effectiveness of a given payload. Attenuation A function of distance from the origin of the blast, as the blast travels outward, the energy given off is dispersed over a greater area. Propagation How energy released from the blast spreads. Isotropic & Non-isotropicWARHEAD TYPES: WARHEAD TYPES Blast Conventional Underwater Nuclear Fragmentation Shaped Charge Continuous Rod Special PurposeBlast Warheads: Blast Warheads Designed to achieve best results from the blast. Initial blast produces heat and overpressure. Followed by a suction or underpressure. Push/Pull causes the intended target to explode from the external pressure, similar to the effects caused by a tornado.Blast Warheads Cont.: Blast Warheads Cont. Two types of blasts: Isotropic - Blast propagates equally in all directions. Non-Isotropic - Blast propagates in a specific direction. Mach Effect - A third wave resulting from the reflected wave overtaking the original shock wave. Where the three waves combine is called the “Triple Point.” Triple Point can increase a blast weapon’s effectiveness/radius range.Fragmentation Warheads: Fragmentation Warheads Blast energy is translated to the fragments of the weapons casing. Approximately 30% of energy used to frag warhead, providing frags w/ KE. Fragments propelled at very high velocities. Exceeds the radius of a blast weapon. Allows for greater inaccuracies in weapon use.Shaped Warhead: Penetrates materials using pressures >>> yield strength of mat’l...: Shaped Warhead: Penetrates materials using pressures >>> yield strength of mat’l... Weapon impacts tgt, fuze at rear of weapon ignites apex of metal cone liner. Cone collapses from apex forward. Collapse results in the ejection of a high-velocity molten jet of liner material. Pressure of jet>>>armor yield strength. The jet is followed by a slug. The jet liquifies some armor (spalling).Continuous-Rod Warheads: Continuous-Rod Warheads Used to damage aircraft in the event of a near miss. Series of rods connected and folded so that the series expands circularly. Doesn’t produce as much destructive energy as the average fragmentation weapon.Special Purpose Weapons: Special Purpose Weapons Thermal Weapons Used to start fires. Napalm, etc. Biological & Chemical Weapons Used to kill with a minimal amount of destruction. Bio - microbes (Anthrax, Ebola, Plague) Chem - (Nerve Agents, Mustard Gas)Special Purpose Weapons: Special Purpose Weapons Radiation Weapons (e.g.- Neutron Bomb) Pyrotechnic Warheads Flares (for lighting or signaling). Smoke Anti-Personnel Warheads Designed to maim troops. Projectile loaded with steel darts or wire. Cluster Bombs (CBU) - Used for soft targets over a wide area.Special Purpose Weapons (cont.): Special Purpose Weapons (cont.) Mines Offensive and Defensive Torpedoes - Homes on intended target Mission / Mobility Kill - Hits ships screw Hard Kill - explodes under ships hull Anti-Tank Warheads Large diameter shaped charges. KE defeat mechanism (“cookie cutter”). Plastic defeat mechanism (massive spalling for lighter armor).