PISCOPO

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National Aerospace Initiative Mr. Paul F. Piscopo Special Assistant to the Director, Defense Research & Engineering for the National Aerospace Initiative

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NAI is a synergistic effort among DoD, NASA, and the Intelligence Community that will help DoD achieve its goal of transforming the military through rapid advancement in aerospace capabilities by: – effectively merging air and space – spurring innovation in critical high technology areas – reinvigorating the U.S. aerospace industry Through ground and flight demonstrations, NAI will:  – Achieve sustained hypersonic flight to Mach 12 by 2012 and beyond – Achieve affordable and responsive space launch – Accelerate advanced capabilities for on-orbit space systems – Provide numerous potential “off-ramps” to nearer term applications – Excite the high-technology science and engineering workforce for the future  NAI will enable capabilities never-before available to the warfighter: – Long-range supersonic cruise missiles – Hypersonic strike/interceptor missiles – A family of long-range hypersonic strike/reconnaissance aircraft – Air-breathing space access NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE -- What is NAI? --

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Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry Top-Level National Recommendations Transform the U.S. air transportation system to efficiently, safely, and securely accommodate an evolving variety and growing number of civil and military aerospace vehicles. Reform U.S./multilateral regulations and policies to enable the movement of products and capital across international borders on a fully competitive basis, and establish a level playing field for U.S. industry in the global market place. Implement a new business model, driven by increased and sustained government investment and the adoption of innovative government/industry policies, designed to promote a healthy and growing U.S. aerospace industry and stimulate the flow of capital. Establish a national aerospace policy and promote aerospace by creating a government-wide management structure, including a White House policy coordinating council, an aerospace management office in OMB, and a joint committee in the Congress. Immediately reverse the decline in, and promote the growth of, a scientifically and technologically trained U.S. aerospace workforce. Boldly pioneer new frontiers in aerospace technology, commerce, and exploration. “The breakdown of America’s intellectual and industrial capacity is a threat to national security and our capability to continue as a world leader.”

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Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry NAI-Relevant Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations The Federal Government should significantly increase its investment in basic aerospace research. The aerospace industry should take a leading role in applying research to product development. An aggressive and sustained investment is needed in (the hypersonic flight) arena, with the objective of overcoming the critical technical barriers of high-speed flight and providing the demonstrations necessary to validate the operational feasibility of hypersonic systems. The Commission supports the joint DoD and NASA National Aerospace Initiative objective of achieving Mach 12 capability by 2012. This initiative should begin as soon as possible. The NAI will develop/demonstrate a portfolio of critical technologies that will enable the achievement of many common DoD and NASA goals. The nation would benefit from a joint effort by NASA and DoD to significantly reduce the cost and time required to access space. The Administration and Congress should direct NASA and the DoD to coordinate R&D efforts in areas of common need and provide the appropriate funding for joint programs. The DoD, NASA, and Industry must partner in innovative aerospace technologies, especially in the areas of propulsion and power. “If the aerospace industry cannot attract and retain the best and the brightest, then the industry doesn’t have a future.”

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Knowledge Speed Agility Lethality Transformation Attributes DDR&E Transformation Technology Initiatives National Aerospace Initiative Surveillance and Knowledge Systems Energy and Power Technologies NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE -- A Transformational Technology --

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Long Range Strike Cruise Space Access Time Critical Target SEAD Boost/Ascent Anti-access Theater of Operation Cruise Missile Defense NPR Reconnaissance NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE -- The Value of Speed --

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U.S. Government / Industry Aerospace Knowledge Base is Eroding Foreign Experience / Expertise Growing – Excellent Ground Test Facilities – Long-Term Commitment for Aerospace Investment – Examples of Hypersonic R&D China – (TAD 2015) Hypersonic Aircraft Dev Mach 5 France – 1999 Scramjet Ground Demo Mach 6 – 7.5 Germany – 2002 Air Defense Flight Demo Mach 6.5 India – 2002 Cruise Missile Flight Demo Mach 2.0-3.0 Russia – 1991 Scramjet Flight Demo Mach 6 Australia – 2002 Scramjet Flight Demo Mach 7.6 Potential Threat to Current U.S. Systems by End of Decade – Strategic/Tactical Standoff Capability Threatened – Aircraft Survivability Threatened NAI is Needed to Sustain American Aerospace Leadership NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE -- An International Perspective --

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NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE -- Technology Challenges Being Addressed -- High Speed Air Breathing Propulsion High Speed Aerodynamics Computational Fluid Dynamics Structural Dynamics Guidance, Navigation, and Control of High Speed Systems High Temperature Materials Thermal Protection Systems Breakthrough Energy Sources (Energetic Materials/Propellants) Health Monitoring and Vehicle Management Systems Satellite Communications and Control (Swarm Behavior) Passive Detection and Identification

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NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE -- Technology Framework -- NAI Space Access Expendable (Missiles) Reusable [Mach 0 - 12] Reusable Launch Vehicle Long-Range Strike [Mach 0-7] Air-Breathing 1st Stage (TSTO) [Mach 0 - 12] 4<Mach<15 Mach<4 2nd Stage Rocket Engine Flexible Comm ISR Strategic Focus Technical Coordination Aerospace Workforce TCT/NPR DoD/NASA Space Commission Synergy Goal: 1 + 1 + 1 > 3 Space Technology High Speed Hypersonics Responsive Payloads Space Maneuvering Vehicle Space Control

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NAI Goal: Mach Number per Year to 2012 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 0 5 25 Mach Number 10 15 F-4 SR-71 F-15 F-16 F-22 Hydrocarbon Scramjet Mach 4-7 Production NAI Ramjet Mach 3-4 High Speed Turbine Mach 2-4 X-15 Concorde XB-70 B-2 F-117 Hydrogen Scramjet Mach 8-15 Missiles Strike Aircraft Space Access X-Vehicles NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE -- High Speed / Hypersonics History -- Hypersonic Component Technology Development and Ground Demonstrations NAI Hypersonic System Technology Development and Flight Demonstrations

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT APPROACH-- High Speed / Hypersonics --: 

Expendable Mach<4 Mach 4-15 High Speed Turbine /Ramjet Rocket Boost Scramjet “missile” shape Rocket Boost Scramjet Waverider or Lifting Body Supersonic Cruise Missile Long Range Weapon Strike Interceptor Mid Range Weapon Strike Interceptor Re-Usable Mach 0-7 Mach 0-12 Hydrocarbon fueled Turbine-based Combine Cycle w/ Waverider Long Range Strike Hydrogen-fueled Turbine-based Combine Cycle w/Lifting Body Responsive Space Access Building Block Technologies High-Speed Turbine Thermal Protection Turbine-based Combined Cycle Aerodynamics Building Block Technologies High-Speed Turbine Thermal Protection Hydrogen Fuel Hydrocarbon Scramjet Aerodynamics Capabilities Demonstrations Flight Regimes TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT APPROACH -- High Speed / Hypersonics -- “Short Life” “Long Life”

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DARPA RASCAL PROGRAM -- High Speed / Hypersonics --

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Turbine Engines Aircraft & Missiles Today Mach 0-3 Combined Cycle Engines (Cruise) - Hydrocarbon / Hydrogen Powered Scramjets Hypersonic Interceptor Long-Range/100,000 ft Cruise Mach 10+ Mid-Term Combined Cycle Engines (Accelerator) - Hydrogen Powered Scramjets Access to Space Responsive/Flexible Mach 8-12 Far-Term Near-Term Fast Response Standoff Weapon Rapid Response Time-Critical Targets Mach 5-8 Hydrocarbon Ram / Scramjets NAI HIGH SPEED / HYPERSONICS -- Engine Combinations / Capability Off-Ramps -- Rapid Strike / Recce Aircraft Rapid Global Response Mach 5-10 2002 2008 2025 2016

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NAI Space Access Expendable (Missiles) Reusable [Mach 0 - 12] Reusable Launch Vehicle Long-Range Strike [Mach 0-7] Air-Breathing 1st Stage (TSTO) [Mach 0 - 12] 4<Mach<15 Mach<4 2nd Stage Rocket Engine Flexible Comm ISR Strategic Focus Technical Coordination Aerospace Workforce TCT/NPR DoD/NASA Space Commission Synergy Goal: 1 + 1 + 1 > 3 Space Technology High Speed Hypersonics Responsive Payloads Space Maneuvering Vehicle Space Control NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE -- Technology Framework --

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Common System Attributes Rocket or Airbreather “Aircraft-Like” Ops Reliable & Maintainable Supportable & Operable Responsive Alert Capable Rapid Turn Time Autonomous Operations Minimal ground crew Low cost Minimal facilities CONUS launch / recover Low operations cost Responsive Space Access Rapid Global Reach NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE -- Space Access --

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Phase III - 2025 Sustained 12 Hr Turn 1,000 Sortie Airframe 500 Sortie Propulsion & Systems Marginal Sortie Cost $1M Reliable (1/5,000 Sorties) Most Weather (Cat 3) Reduced Weight (DMF) – 15% 24% Payload Fraction (3X) Phase II - 2015 Sustained 1 Day Turn 500 Sortie Airframe 250 Sortie Propulsion & Systems Marginal Sortie Cost $5M Reliable (1/2,000 Sorties) Weather Tolerant (Cat 2) Reduced Weight (DMF) – 10% 16% Payload Fraction (2X) Mid Term Phase I - 2009 Sustained 7 Day Turn 250 Sortie Airframe 100 Sortie Propulsion & Systems Marginal Sortie Cost $10M Reliable (1/1,000 loss rate) Weather Sensitive (Cat 1) Low Weight (DMF) – SOA 8% Payload Fraction Near Term BASELINE Shuttle, DC-X, X-33, SLI Far Term NAI SPACE ACCESS GOALS -- Goals and System Payoffs/Requirements --

NAI SPACE ACCESS-- Technology & Development Roadmap -- : 

02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 HC Boost H2 Boost MIS/CAV SMV Operations $6B+ Past Tech Investment NAI SPACE ACCESS -- Technology & Development Roadmap -- MNS AOA New 2nd Stage Commercial Space Shuttle IOC Cargo Only Crew IOC SLI System Acquisition IOC FOC NASA ORD Airframe Flight Subsystems National Aerospace Initiative Continuing S&T Advancement IOC 120 Day Study Propulsion FOC Payloads Y-Vehicle Flight Test Follow On X-Vehicles Flight Test X-42 DOD

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NAI Space Access Expendable (Missiles) Reusable [Mach 0 - 12] Reusable Launch Vehicle Long-Range Strike [Mach 0-7] Air-Breathing 1st Stage (TSTO) [Mach 0 - 12] 4<Mach<15 Mach<4 2nd Stage Rocket Engine Flexible Comm ISR Strategic Focus Technical Coordination Aerospace Workforce TCT/NPR DoD/NASA Space Commission Synergy Goal: 1 + 1 + 1 > 3 Space Technology High Speed Hypersonics Responsive Payloads Space Maneuvering Vehicle Space Control NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE -- Technology Framework --

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High bandwidth end-to-end Realtime Engagement NAI SPACE TECHNOLOGY GOALS -- Responsive Payload Emphasis -- Space Control Architecture Future ISR Architecture Transformational Comm Arch Air-to-Air Laser Comm Air-to-Space Laser Comm Space-to-Space Laser Comm Space-to-Ground High Datarate RF Programmable Multi-Band Sat Comm Bistatic Engagement Joint Hyperspectral Capability Real-Time ISR Fusion Large Inflatable Antenna (100m) Realtime Space Control Ops Space Protection Testbad Electric Laser in Space Rapid Reconstitution of Space Capabilities Ground-to-Air Laser Comm Direct Theater Downlink and Uplink Programmable TT&C Airborne ISR National Assets Fused Collections Large Inflatable Antenna (30m) Autonomous and Proximity Ops Predictive Space Situational Awareness Rapid On-Orbit Checkout Rapid Payload Processing High Altitude Airship High ISP Microsat Prompt Global Strike Mid Term Near Term Far Term

NAI SPACE TECHNOLOGY GOALS-- Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance --: 

NAI SPACE TECHNOLOGY GOALS -- Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance -- Near Term (FY03 – FY06) Airborne ISR National Assets Fused Collections Mid-Term (FY07 – FY10) Space ISR Experiments Real Time Fusion Space-Air Bistatic Engagement Far-Term (FY11 – FY20) Space ISR Constellation Real Time Engagement Multi-INT Experiments Transformation: Persistent, Global ISR for the Warfighter

U.S. and WorldwideResearch Base Since WWII: 

Year Estimated Total Billions of 87 $ 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1970 1965 1960 1955 U.S. Gov. – DoD U.S. Commercial DoD E.U. and Japan Projected Source: Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on the Technology Capabilities of Non-DoD Providers; June 2000; Data provided by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development & National Science Foundation U.S. and Worldwide Research Base Since WWII

NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE -- Conclusion --: 

NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE -- Conclusion -- Advancing U.S. Aerospace Capabilities is Critical for National Security, Civil, and Commercial Sectors Space Architecture Options Would Increase if Access to Space was Responsive, Flexible, and Affordable Leap-Ahead Technologies are Developed for High Speed Strike, Space Access, and Space Missions Emphasis on Rapidly Advancing Technology, Flight Tests, and Technology Demonstrations Stair Step Approach Provides “Off-Ramps” for Fielding Systems NAI is an Integrated, National Approach to Sustain American Leadership in Aerospace