Lecture 4 The Early Renaissance (1500 AD) Late Renaissance (1600 AD) Baroque (1700 AD) : Lecture 4 The Early Renaissance (1500 AD) Late Renaissance (1600 AD) Baroque (1700 AD) Sejarah Senibina Barat
BAEA 2115
Naziaty Mohd Yaacob
Renaissance 15th Century : Renaissance 15th Century Florence is an Italian city that became famous as the birthplace of the Renaissance.
Such great artists as Leonardo da Vinci, Fra Angelico, Giotto, and Michelangelo produced many of Florence's magnificent paintings and sculptures. Great writers who lived in the city included Giovanni Boccaccio, Dante, and Petrarch.
Slide3 : Leonardo's scientific drawings include his famous study of human proportions called Vitruvian man that fits into the perfect shapes of the square and circle. .
Like other artists, Leonardo was interested in the proportions of the human body. According to Vitruvius, the Roman architect, the parts of the body are related to one another in ratios of whole numbers, and these ratios should be used in the design of architecture.
Because of his inquiring mind, Leonardo has become a symbol of the Renaissance spirit of learning and intellectual curiosity.
Renaissance Italy : Renaissance Italy Renaissance Italy consisted of about 250 states, most of which were ruled by a city. The Renaissance began during the 1300's in the city-states of northern Italy. Early centers of the Renaissance included the cities of Florence, Milan, and Venice.
World Book map
Florentines : Florentines
The architect Filippo Brunelleschi and the political analyst Niccolo Machiavelli were born in Florence, and the astronomer Galileo did some of his work there.
Brunelleschi’s dome : Brunelleschi’s dome Brunelleschi was the first Renaissance architect to revive the ancient Roman style of architecture. He incorporated arches, columns, and other elements of classical architecture into his designs.
Slide7 : Brunelleschi's design contained two shells for the dome, an inner shell made of a lightweight material, and an outer shell of heavier wind-resistant materials, so that during construction because workers could sit atop the inner shell to build the outer shell of the dome.
To support the dome Brunelleschi devised an ingenius ring and rib support from oak timbers. The rings hug both shells of the dome, and the supports run through them.
Slide8 : Brunelleschi’s Designs
Pazzi Chapel, Florence
Vaults and domes
S Lorenzo, Florence
(for Medici Family)
Vaults and domes
Basilican plan
Added sacristy
Roman ideas followed
Slide9 : Alberti –
The Church of Sant' Andrea in Mantua, Italy, was designed by Leon Battista Alberti in the mid-1400's. The front resembles a Roman temple with an arch.
(c) Gian Berto Vanni, Art Resource
Alberti : Alberti
Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy, is a leading example of Italian Renaissance architecture. The church's facade was designed by Leon Battista Alberti in the mid-1400's. (c) Gian Berto Vanni, Art Resource
Sangallo : Sangallo 15th Century Palace in Florence with symmetrical plan, interesting cornice and courtyard (1489)
Bramante : Bramante 1493
Bramante added a ‘tribune’ (domed crossing and choir) to Solari’s Gothic structure (1463).
Intended as a Mausoleum for the Sforza dukes.
Domed concealed by Conical roof.
Slide14 : High Renaissance, Late Renaissance & Mannerism 16th Century
Slide15 : Bramante
St. Peter’s Rome : St. Peter’s Rome 1506 – 1626
Bramante
Michelangelo
Sangallo
Slide19 : Interior of St Peter’s Rome from an 18th Century painting
St Peter’s Rome : St Peter’s Rome
Slide21 : The Palazzo Vidoni
Caffarelli in Rome
(1515) By Raphael.
Heavily rusticated ground
storey, below a ‘piano
nobile’ with windows set
between paired columns.
High renaissance
characteristics.
Slide22 : Contrast Raphael’s High
Renaissance building with
Alberti’s (Early Renaissance)
Plazzo Rucellai in Florence
(1446-51)
Slide23 : Palazzo Farnese, last
of the High
Renaissance, where
five years later
Palazzo Massimi
became an example of
Mannerist architecture.
Mannerist : Mannerist Biblioteca Laurenziana,
Florence (1524-57) by
Micelangelo.
Mannerist traits using
Illogicality, like the
coupled columns on
brackets. Also give
contrast to the long
perspective of the
library itself.
Slide25 : Medici Chapel in S. Lorenzo, Florence (begun 1521) by
Michelangelo as a marriage of sculpture and architecture
Slide26 : Plan of the Capitol, Rome, laid out by Michelangelo (1538-1612). Sense of enclosure (left)
Palazzo del Senatore (1573-1612) largely designed by Michelangelo. With raised basement storey giving prominence. Giant order of pilasters.
Statue of Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor, on the concourse.
Mannerist : Mannerist Top
Use of rustification to create
monumental strength with
playful details
Bottom
String course becomes
pediment.
Using stucco like stone effect
Slide28 : Villa Rotonda
(1550) By
Palladio
Absolute symmetry;
Classical
proportions;
Clear on plan
Slide29 : Palladio’s Palazzo Chiericati in Vicenza (1550)
Baroque Architecture 17th Century : Baroque Architecture 17th Century
Planning the City : Planning the City Piazza at St Peter’s Square by Bernini
At the Vatican City
Baroque Architecture : Baroque Architecture Bernini’s Scala Regia in the Vatican (1663-6) is made to seem longer by reducing the height and width as it ascends.
Slide33 : Bernini’s S. Andrea al Quirinale, Rome (1658-78)
Slide34 : Borromini’s façade
of S. Carlo alle Quattro
Fontane in Rome
(1667)
Classic elements, with
concave plane set
against convex.
Slide35 : Borromini’s S. Carlo alle
Quattro Fontane, Rome
(1633)
Slide36 : S. Ivo della Sapienza, Rome (1642-60). Borromini using plan
based on a six point star with a fantastic dome developed
Slide37 : The façade of Sta Maria
Della Pace, Rome (1656-7)
by Cortona making the
upper level curve contrast
with semi circular porch
below creating tension.
Slide38 : Dome of the
Chapel of the
Santissima Sindone,
Turin Cathedral
(1667-90)
Guarini combined
Gothic and
Islamic
Architecture and
produce a unique
dome built
up by segmented
arches on one another.
Each pierced emitting
light.
Slide39 : Palazzo Carignano, Turin (begun 1678). Guarini gives
interest to façade by alternating concave and convex
sections, derive from Bernini. Texture and ornament
almost Arabic in character.
Slide40 : At S. Agnese, in Rome
(begun) 1652), Borromini
created the towers to be
independent of the plan and
created a town planning
(urban) interest.
Producing each towers as a
Sculptural entity.
Renaissance outside of Italy : Renaissance outside of Italy Versailles Palace in France (by Le Vau from 1669)
Queen’s House in Greenwich in England (by Inigo Jones from 1616-35)
St. Paul’s Cathedral(by Christopher Wren from 1675 – 1710)
Slide42 : The Queen’s House in Greenwich, England by
Inigo Jones (1616 – 35)
Slide43 : St. Paul’s
Cathedral by
Christopher Wren
(1675-1710)
Slide44 : Chatsworth House, Derbyshire for the Duke of Devonshire,
By William Talman (from 1686)
Slide45 : Bleinheim Palace, Oxfordshire by Vanbrugh and Hawksmoor,
English Baroque Architecture fine example (1705-24)
Slide46 : Blenheim Palace
Great court flanked by stable and kitchen courts;
Main axis
Curving quadrants
The End Thank you : The End Thank you