NYC Transit

Slide1: 

NYCT EXPERIENCE WITH CLEAN FUEL TECHNOLOGIES EESI/NESEA Congressional Briefing Cleaner Transportation Technologies May 13, 2002

Outline: 

Outline Overview of NYCT Bus Operations NYCT “Clean Fuel” Bus Plan Hybrid Electric Buses Clean Diesel Technologies How Congress Can Help

NYCT Bus Operations: 

NYCT Bus Operations Number of Depots: 18 Employees: 12,159 Bus Routes / Bus Stops: 234 / 14,000 Ridership: 2.0 million weekday Revenue Miles: 102 million annually Diesel Fuel Used: 42 million US Gal. in 2000

NYCT Bus Fleet: 

NYCT Bus Fleet 2001 2006 2,085 2,370 450 450 370 630 221 646 11 390 Total 4,486 4,486 40' Hybrid Transit 40' 4-stroke Diesel Transit 45' 4-stroke Diesel Coach 60' 4-stroke Diesel Articulated 40' CNG Transit 1,349 0 40' 2-stroke Diesel Transit 2001 2006 2,085 2,370 450 450 370 630 221 646 11 390 Total 4,486 4,486 40' Hybrid Transit 40' 4-stroke Diesel Transit 45' 4-stroke Diesel Coach 60' 4-stroke Diesel Articulated 40' CNG Transit 1,349 0 40' 2-stroke Diesel Transit

NYCT Goals: 

1. Reduce Bus Fleet Emissions - Achieve levels below current U.S. mandates 2. Improve Service - Improve equipment reliability - Achieve quieter operation 3. Reduce the Cost of Operations - Improve fuel economy - Reduce maintenance costs - Avoid infrastructure costs NYCT Goals

NYCT “Clean Fuel” Bus Commitment: 

NYCT “Clean Fuel” Bus Commitment Program is technology neutral, and combines several different approaches CNG Buses Hybrid Buses Clean Diesel Technologies Designed to give cost-effective emissions reductions as quickly as possible MTA 2000 - 2004 Capital Plan includes $304 million for Clean Fuel Programs

2000 - 2004 NYCT Capital Plan: 

Expand CNG Bus Operations Purchase 300 buses and convert 2 depots to CNG Expand Hybrid Bus Programs Purchase 250 hybrid buses Develop hybrid articulated and coach buses Expand the Use of Clean Diesel technologies Retire all 2-stroke diesel engines by 2003 Convert entire fleet to reduced sulfur fuel Retrofit 3,500 buses with catalyzed exhaust filters 2000 - 2004 NYCT Capital Plan

Slide8: 

NYCT Hybrid Bus

What is a Hybrid Electric Bus?: 

What is a Hybrid Electric Bus? Hybrid Electric buses combine a diesel engine and electric drive components Improved performance Significant emissions reduction Increased fuel economy Smooth and quiet operation Avoids the infrastructure costs of CNG - no special fuel handling is required

Slide10: 

BAE Hybrid System Lead Acid Battery Packs Diesel Engine Generator Electric Traction Motor Power Electronics

NYCT Hybrid Bus Programs: 

NYCT Hybrid Bus Programs Successful prototype in 1996 (Orion/GE) Hybrid retrofit for RTS bus - revenue service testing completed March 2000 (Allison/Nova) Pilot fleet of hybrid buses ordered 5 Orion/Lockheed buses entered revenue service 9/98; 5 more entered service 5/00 325 additional Orion/Lockheed buses ordered for delivery in 2002 and 2003

Hybrid Revenue Service Experience: 

Hybrid Revenue Service Experience Hybrid buses in service since Sept. 1998 Over 400,000 revenue miles accumulated to date Very positive - for a brand new technology, have exceeded expectations Experience to date compares favorably to other new technology introductions NYCT is very encouraged for the future

Recent Hybrid Emission Results: 

Recent Hybrid Emission Results Emissions in grams/mile on CBD Cycle

Hybrid Bus Fuel Economy (mi/gallon): 

Hybrid Bus Fuel Economy (mi/gallon) Feb Jun July Jan + 10% - 28% 16% greater at peak fuel economy

Hybrid Lessons Learned: 

Hybrid Lessons Learned Bus operators and passengers like hybrids Quiet, smooth operation excellent acceleration/smooth braking “feels” like a standard bus little or no operator training required Able to be used on all NYCT routes Bus does not roll back on hills Performance can be customized

Slide16: 

Catalyzed Exhaust Filters Oxidation catalyst and wall-flow ceramic filter Packaged to replicate OEM muffler dimensions No moving parts No external energy requirements Reduced Sulfur Diesel Fuel Base specification similar to #1 Diesel Sulfur level of 30 ppm (350 - 500 ppm standard) Lubricity enhancement Clean Diesel Technologies

Johnson Matthey CRT TM Filter: 

Johnson Matthey CRT TM Filter Inlet Section Catalyst Section Filter Section Outlet Section Honeycomb Catalyst Wall-flow Filter

Clean Diesel Operational Results: 

Clean Diesel Operational Results 9 Month Fleet Demonstration 25 filter-equipped buses logged over 750,000 miles (up to 40,000 miles/bus) No filter-related failures; reliability of filter-equipped fleet was equivalent to non-filter buses No measured loss of fuel economy Current Status Over 1,000 filters installed on buses in regular service (both retrofit and OEM installation) Low number of problems

Slide19: 

Clean Diesel Emissions Series 50 Bus on CBD test Cycle

CRT FILTER AFTER 9 MONTHS: 

CRT FILTER AFTER 9 MONTHS CRT Inlet Section CRT Outlet Section

What Congress Can Do - Funding: 

What Congress Can Do - Funding Provide funding for further research and deployment of hybrid and other Clean Fuel technologies 21st Century Truck Program TEA 21 Reauthorization Clean Cites, etc. Areas requiring funding Commercialization Advanced energy storage devices/technologies

What Congress Can Do - Regulation: 

What Congress Can Do - Regulation Ensure that EPA creates a regulatory certification framework that recognizes the benefits of hybrid technology Ensure that future mandates are technology neutral and based on performance criteria Ensure that Hybrid and Clean diesel technologies are eligible for “Alternative Fuel” incentive funding under TEA 21 reauthorization Ensure that all incentive programs provide equal access to different technologies based on ability to reduce target pollutants

Further Information: 

Further Information Speaker Contact: Dana Lowell MTA New York City Transit (718) 927-8620; dalowel@nyct.com Hybrid/CNG/Diesel Emissions Report www.navc.org/emissionsreport.html Clean Diesel Emissions Report: Available from SAE at www.sae.org Paper Number 2001-01-0511